ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My thanks and appreciations to Almighty Allah. We have taken efforts in this project.
However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many
individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am
highly indebted to discipline of GCWUF and our Supervisor (Ms. Suneeza Hamid) Head of
HOD at Department of Information Technology, for their guidance and supervision as well as
for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in
completing the project would like to express my gratitude towards my parents for their kind
co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.

ii
 Certificate by the Research Supervisor

The Controller of Examinations,

The members of the Supervisory Committee find the Project report submitted b......
satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation by the External Examiner(s)
for the award of degree.

Name: Ms. Suneeza Hamid SUPERVISOR ------------------------

Name: Ms. Madiha Kawal MEMBER ------------------------

Name: Ms. Namra Saleem MEMBER ------------------------

Chairperson/In charge Dean/ Coordinator

iii
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................................................ii
Certificate by the Research Supervisor.......................................................................................................iii
Chapter 1:....................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Overview statement:.............................................................................................................1
1.2 Purpose:.............................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Project Goals & Objectives................................................................................................................2
1.4 Project Scope:....................................................................................................................................2
1.5 Need of a project:..............................................................................................................................2
1.6 Future:...............................................................................................................................................2
1.7 Advantages of project:.......................................................................................................................3
1.8 Main Application of Project:..............................................................................................................3
Chapter 2:....................................................................................................................................................4
Methodology...............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Working.............................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Arduino..............................................................................................................................................6
2.3 Servo Motor.......................................................................................................................................6
2.4 Ultrasonic Sensor...............................................................................................................................7
2.5 Vacuum..............................................................................................................................................8
2.6 Jumper Wires.....................................................................................................................................8
2.7 IR Sensor............................................................................................................................................9
2.8 Use case Diagram:...........................................................................................................................10
2.9 Sequence Diagram...........................................................................................................................11
2.10 Tools and technologies used with reasoning.................................................................................12
2.10.1 Tools:......................................................................................................................................12
2.10.2 Programming Languages:.......................................................................................................13
2.11 Hardware and Software Specification............................................................................................13
2.11.1 Software Specification............................................................................................................13
2.11.2 Hardware Specification...........................................................................................................14
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Chapter 3:..................................................................................................................................................15
Results and Discussions.............................................................................................................................15
3.1 Coding..............................................................................................................................................15
3.1.1 Arduino.....................................................................................................................................15
3.2 Screenshots of the project:..............................................................................................................19
Chapter No.4.............................................................................................................................................21
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................21
References.................................................................................................................................................22

v
Table of Figure:

Figure 2.1 Flowchart of proposed Methodology...........................................................................5

Figure 2.2 Ardunio .......................................................................................................................6
Figure 2.3 Servo Motor ................................................................................................................7
Figure 2.4 Ultrasonic Sensor ........................................................................................................7
Figure 2.5 Vacuum........................................................................................................................8
Figure 2.6 Jumper Wires...............................................................................................................9
Figure 2.7 IR Sensor......................................................................................................................9
Figure 2.8 Use Case Diagram.....................................................................................................10
Figure 2.9 Sequence Diagram.....................................................................................................11
Figure 3.1 Smart Dustbin............................................................................................................19
Figure 3.2 Vacuum......................................................................................................................20
Figure 3.3 Level Detection..........................................................................................................20

vi
Chapter 1:

Introduction
1.1 Project Overview statement:
“Smart Cleaning System” is a system that is used to make public safe. Now days our country
survive with lot of issues because of unhealthy environment so, we create a well maintain
design product which give you a healthy environment free of pollution. Our industrial cities
are included in unhealthy environment. We made a successful product which is really helpful
in your life because it's protect you from germs bacteria, If we want to protect our city from
all of these bacterial infections you should install this product in our home, street corners
,malls etc.

1.2 Purpose:
The purpose of our project is to provide a supervision device for intelligent smart bin. This
device integrates several sensors to supervise the state of smart cleaning system. Level sensor
based on ultrasonic sensors used to prevent overflow by alerting the garage collection. Good
waste management has become an essential issue for our world. In public, many people do
not pay attention to the waste they leave behind. In this project I have designed the simple
system called SCS using Arduino, ultrasonic sensors, IR sensor, servo motor and vacuum
cleaner, where the lid of the dustbin will automatically open it upon detection of human
mind. Smart Cleaning System that vacuum the mass around it. The main purpose of our
project is to protect our environment from germs and bacteria. SCS detects if the level of a
bin goes above a certain level. This system is to be used in public places i.e. in malls,
airports, parks for protection from bacterial infection. An IOT based SCS (smart cleaning
system) is needed for the occupant’s convenience and safety. This system helps you to
vacuum garbage, spreading of harmful bacteria, trash which people throw on roads, parks
and on other places, it sends an alarm message to the corporation’s office as well as the
garbage reach the maximum level. The concerned person will take action, by emptying the
bin. IOT or Internet Things refers to the network of connected physical objects that can

1
communicate and exchange data among themselves without the desideratum of any human
intervention

2
1.3 Project Goals & Objectives
 The main objectives of this project Smart Dustbin are:
 To understand and gain knowledge about the function of Arduino, wireless sensors
system and the basic concept of IoT Technology.
 To design a Smart Dustbin using vacuum that requires low cost, low power
consumption and user friendly.

1.4 Project Scope:

 Smart Dustbin provide protection from all bacterial infections.
 Smart Dustbin that vacuums the mess around it.
 The system detects if the level of the bin goes above a certain level.
 This system is flexible enough to be used in public places i.e. in parks, malls,
hospitals, airports etc.
 Smart cleaning system helps us to reduce the pollution.
 Smart cleaning systems are a useful addition to today’s world where safety is an
important issue.

1.5 Need of a project:

Smart cleaning system help to create a cleaner, safer, hygienic environment. This system
reduces the cost of management and reduces the road side emissions. SCS are ideal for busy
locations such as parks, airports, railway stations and shopping malls. Smart cleaning is a
prime concern in our day-to-day life. We have tried to increase the standards of smart
cleaning by combining new design techniques and developed a low cost home and industrial
automated cleaning systems. Everyone wants to be as much as safe and sound as possible.
The design of simple hardware circuit enables every user to use this Smart cleaning system
with different sensors.

1.6 Future:
Our product help those people who suffer from infections, bacterial issues all because of
wastage there three main functions improve the situation of our country. These three main
functions is lid opening, vacuum cleaner, level detection. As you know in our country the
biggest cities or industrial areas have really bad condition all because of the wastage if we
control on this issue then a lot of issues will resolve like peoples going ill throw infections

3
and diseases. If we setup this product in those places where a lot of people together every day
then it's helps to clean the environment and reduce the pollution from environment. As you
know when dustbin is overflow the garbage fell down out of the dustbin and looks bad and
create a bad scene. Also the birds and animal comes inside the bin when it's overflow and
after that they search their food and create mess-up that make environment dirty and makes
bacterial infections for people. So to see all these points this product really helpful in our
country and those areas where all this happened like overflowing of wastage and dirty
pollution.

1.7 Advantages of project:

 SCS reducing the management cost and road side emissions.
 It must be fast and cost efficient.
 Fewer collection visits reduce congestion and traffic interruption.
 This smart product clean and safe street from germs.
 Minimum floor space.

1.8 Main Application of Project:

 Microcontroller has been programmed to sense the level.
 IR sensor is used to open the bin.
 Vacuum sucks the garbage and through it in the dustbin.
 Lid is automatically opened and closed to avoid the germs.
 For level detection bin is connected with app which tells the level of bin.

4
Chapter 2:

Methodology

2.1 Working
In Smart Dustbin there are three Ultrasonic sensors and IR sensor which performs three
separate tasks:

 Open the lid

 Level detection
 Vacuum

The Frist IR sensor detect or sense any object and take that command to the main controller
part and then it's give the command to micro controller arm to open the bin for garbage with
in a sec its complete the command. Second ultrasonic sensor is use for level detection and
levels is explained in Arduino through code and levels present by using of app where
different color present the percentage of bin.

 Green
 Yellow
 Red

The green light represent that the garbage is under 50% whereas Yellow light signifies the
bin is half and red light shows your bin is full and after the red led light when the garbage
reach the maximum level your app give you the notification that you need to empty the bin.
Third sensor detects the garbage and vacuum sucks in it and through it into the bin.

Arduino this is brain of our project which performs multiple tasks or commands which
comes from sensors and to perform all these works sensors, Arduino, vacuum attached with
breadboard and board is attached with the supply. It provides the current of 220V. Servo
motor helps to open the lid and close the lid as soon the garbage is thrown in the dustbin to
avoid germs and harmful bacteria.

5
 Ultrasonic Sensor Ultrasonic Sensor
IR sensor
1 2

Microcontroller

Vacuum

Ultrasonic sensor
2 sucks garbage

Lid Level detection

Ultrasonic Sensor 1

IR Sensor opens Detects the level

the lid of bin

Figure 2.1: Flowchart of proposed Methodology

2.2 Arduino
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment is a cross-platform application that is
written in functions from C and C++. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino
compatible boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, other vendor development

6
boards. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License,
version 2.The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code
structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which
provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two
basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and
linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU
toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution.

Figure 2.2: Arduino

2.3 Servo Motor

A servo motor is a rotary or linear actuator that allows precise control of angular or linear
position, speed, and acceleration. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a
dedicated module designed specifically for use with servo motors. Servo motors are not a
specific class of motor, although the term servo motor is often used to refer to a motor
suitable for use in a closed-loop control system. Servo motors are used in applications such
as robotics, CNC machinery, or automated manufacturing.

7
 Figure2.3: Servo Motor

2.4 Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic transducers and ultrasonic sensors are devices that generate or detect ultrasound
energy. They can be divided into three broad categories: transmitters, receivers, and
transceivers. Transmitters convert electrical signals to ultrasound, receivers convert
ultrasound to electrical signals, and transceivers can transmit and receive ultrasound.
Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting sound waves at too high a frequency for humans to hear.
Then they wait for the sound to reflect, calculating the distance based on the time required.
This is similar to how radar measures the time it takes for a radio wave to return after hitting
an object.

Figure2.4: Ultrasonic sensor

2.5 Vacuum
The vacuum cleaner uses an electric motor that spins a fan, sucking in air and any small
particles caught up in it and pushing it out the other side, into a bag or a canister, to create the
negative pressure. You might think then that after a few seconds it would stop working, since

8
you can only force so much air into a confined space. To solve this, the vacuum has an
exhaust port that vents the air out the other side, allowing the motor to continue functioning
normally. The simplest way to explain how the vacuum cleaner can suck up debris is to think
of it like a straw. When you take a sip of drink through a straw, the action of sucking creates
a negative air pressure inside the straw: a pressure that is lower than that of the surrounding
atmosphere.

Figure2.5 Vacuum

2.6 Jumper Wires

Jumper cables are simply cables that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to be
use connect two points together without soldering. Jumper cables are generally used with
breadboards and other prototyping tools to facilitate changing a circuit as needed. In fact, it
doesn't get much more basic than jumper cables. Although jumper cables come in a variety of
colors, the colors don't really mean anything. This means that a red jumper wire is technically
the same as a black one. But colors can be used to your advantage in order to differentiate
between connection types, such as ground or power.

9
 Figure2.6 Jumper wires

2.7 IR Sensor
All but the very coldest objects emit electromagnetic radiation in the form of heat that can be
detected by infrared sensors. (Getty Images) An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device
that measures and detects infrared radiation in its surrounding environment. An IR sensor
consists of an IR LED and an IR Photodiode; together they are called as Photo – Coupler or
Opto Coupler. When the IR transmitter emits radiation, it reaches the object and some of the
radiation reflects back to the IR receiver. Based on the intensity of the reception by the IR
receiver, the output of the sensor is defined.

Figure2.7 IR Sensor

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2.8 Use case Diagram:

Throw
Garbage Sensor

Detects the
level via app

Shows level of
User
garbage System

IR helps to open
lid

Vacuum
garbage

Garbage
collector Collets garbage

11
 Figure2.8: Use Case Diagram

2.9 Sequence Diagram

Dustbin Sensor System

User

Comes close
If dustbin full Check
garbage
level

Red light
Dustbin has No space
space left
Green
Dustbin light
opens up

Yellow
Min. Dustbin has light
level min level

Adds
Waste
Update level

If level <50%
Yellow light

12
 Green light
If level >50%

Request of collection
Dustbin
closes
Figure2.9: Sequence Diagram

13
2.10 Tools and technologies used with reasoning
2.10.1 Tools:

2.10.1.1 Arduino IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development surroundings (IDE) may be a cross-platform
application (for Windows, MacOS, and Linux) that's written in functions from C and C++.
It's wont to write and transfer programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the
assistance of third party cores, different vender development boards. The source code for the
IDE is free beneath the antelope General Public License, version 2. The Arduino IDE
supports the languages C and C++ victimization special rules of code structuring. The
Arduino IDE provides a software package library from the Wiring project that provides
several common input and output procedures. User-written code solely needs 2 basic
functions, for beginning the sketch and therefore the main program loop, that are compiled
and coupled with a program stub main() into an practicable cyclic program with the antelope
toolchain, conjointly enclosed with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the
program argued to convert the practicable code into a document in hex secret writing that's
loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program within the board's code.

2.10.1.2 Android Studio

Android Studio was announced on May 16, 2013 at the Google I/O conference. It was in
early access preview stage starting from version 0.1 in May 2013, then entered beta stage
starting from version 0.8 which was released in June 2014. The first stable build was released
in December 2014, starting from version 1.0. Android Studio provides a unified environment
where you can build apps for Android phones, tablets, Android Wear, Android TV, and
Android Auto. Structured code modules allow you to divide your project into units of
functionality that you can independently build, test, and debug. Android Studio supports all
the same programming languages of IntelliJ (and CLion) e.g. Java, C++, and more with
extensions, such as Go; and Android Studio 3.0 or later supports Kotlin and "all Java 7
language features and a subset of Java 8 language features that vary by platform version."

14
 2.10.2 Programming Languages:

2.10.2.1 C
It is computer programming language and due to versatile naught of the GUI it is used it is
used for desktop application. It contains built in libraries that help the coder to use them
instead of building its own libraries. It contains many built in libraries of images that will
help us in the development of Image processing application, it also supports different
hardware device connected like camera and Arduino. In C completion of code is easy due
to.Net framework that reduces the compilation time and help in enhancing efficiency of
software.

2.10.2.2 Java
Java is a general-purpose programming language that is class-based, object-oriented, and
designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let
application developers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code
can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java
applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine
(JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C
and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. As of 2019, Java was one
of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub, particularly for
client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.

2.11 Hardware and Software Specification

This will be easily implemented using a simple desktop computer having

2.11.1 Software Specification

 Arduino IDE

 Android Studio

 Programming Language: C

 Java

15
2.11.2 Hardware Specification
 Arduino

 Ultrasonic Sensor

 IR Sensor

 Servo Motor

 Jumper Wires

 Vacuum

16
Chapter 3:

Results and Discussions

3.1 Coding
3.1.1 Arduino

17
18
19
20
3.2 Screenshots of the project:

Figure 3.1: Smart Dustbin

21
 Figure3.2: Vacuum

Figure3.3: Level Detection

22
Chapter No.4

Conclusion

\Urbanization is at its rapid growth stage around the world, as more number of people desire
to live in the city lights with more opportunities for growth and success the parameters like
cleanliness and hygiene are the topic of concern in these smart cities and concrete measures
should be taken for that. Also, the growth should go hand in hand with the green environment
and research should be further done on such technology. The proposed Smart Dustbin
requires more maintenance cost than the existing system, and there is a tradeoff owing to the
proposed system’s battery-based power structure. The most important issue is how to
improve the battery life of a smart bin. To solve this problem, photovoltaic power generation
is being considered. Moreover, high-intensity plastic materials are also being considered for
durability against external impact and corrosion from humidity. The main objective is to
maintain the level of cleanliness in the city and form an environment which is better for
living. By using this system we can constantly check the level of the garbage in the dustbins
which are placed in various parts of the city. The system can be used as a benchmark by the
people who are willing to take one step further for increasing the cleanliness in their
respected areas. Ultrasonic sensor is being used in this system to check the level of garbage
in the dustbins but in future various other types of sensors can be used with the ultrasonic
sensor to get more precise output and to take this system to another level.

23
 References
1. Narayan Sharma., Nirman Singha., and Tanmoy Dutta.: Smart Bin Implementation
for Smart Cities, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume
6, Issue 9, September-2015
2. Zhongmei Zhou.: IoT-Based Smart Garbage System for Efficient Food Waste
Management, Volume 2014, Article ID 646953.
3. A Anitha. Garbage monitoring system using IoT, A Anitha 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.:
Mater. Sci. Eng. 263 042027.

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