‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻋـﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ 1/1‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺸﻬﺩﺕ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻴﻴﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﻝﻠﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻨﺒﻌﺎﺜﺎﺕ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺤﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺤﻔﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻴﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺸﻤﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫" ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻸﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ "‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2/1‬ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻴﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠـﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺩ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻤﻡ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻸﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻸﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻸﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﺱ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻕ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻕ )ﺏ( ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻕ )ﺝ( ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻕ )ﺩ( ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺴﻜﻨﻲ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻕ )ﻫـ( ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻕ )ﻭ( ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪-1-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ 4/1‬ﺍﻝﺭﻤـﻭﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺯ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫‪Area‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫‪Clear Area for doors‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫‪Ad‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫‪Clear Area for Walls‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪Aw‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫‪Clear Area for windows‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ‬ ‫‪Awin‬‬
‫‪g/kg‬‬ ‫ﻍ‪/‬ﻜﻎ‬ ‫‪Absolute Humidity‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪Ha‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪W/(m . K‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪)/‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪Thermal Conductance‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Cavity Thermal‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﻭﻴﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫)‪W/(m . K‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪)/‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪Cc‬‬
‫‪Conductance‬‬
‫)‪J/(kg.K‬‬ ‫ﺠﻭل‪)/‬ﻜﻎ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪Specific Heat Capacity‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Cp‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪°‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪Dry Bulb Temperature‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪tdb‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫‪Thickness‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻜﺔ )ﺍﻝﺜﺨﺎﻨﺔ(‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Emissivity‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺒﻌﺎﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ε‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Surface Thermal‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪W/(m . K‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪)/‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪h‬‬
‫‪Conductance‬‬
‫)‪W/(m. K‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪)/‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪Thermal conductivity‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪λ‬‬
‫‪(m. K)/W‬‬ ‫)ﻡ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪/‬ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫‪Thermal Resistivity‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪1/ λ‬‬
‫‪Water Vapour‬‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺫﻩ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫)‪g/(MN.s‬‬ ‫ﻍ‪)/‬ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎﺍ(‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪Permeance‬‬
‫‪J‬‬ ‫ﺠﻭل‬ ‫‪Heat Quantity‬‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪Q‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Density of heat Flow‬‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪W/m‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪/‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫‪Rate‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪(m . K)/W‬‬ ‫)ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪/‬ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫‪Thermal Resistance‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Air to Air Thermal‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪(m . K)/W‬‬ ‫)ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪/‬ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫‪Ra‬‬
‫‪Resistance‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Cavity Thermal‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﻭﻴﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫‪(m . K)/W‬‬ ‫)ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪/‬ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫‪Rc‬‬
‫‪Resistance‬‬

‫‪-2-‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺯ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Surface Thermal‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪(m . K)/W‬‬ ‫)ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪/‬ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫‪Rs‬‬
‫‪Resistance‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Inside Surface Thermal‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫‪(m . K)/W‬‬ ‫)ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪/‬ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫‪Rsi‬‬
‫‪Resistance‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Outside Surface‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬

‫‪(m . K)/W‬‬ ‫)ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‪/‬ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫‪Rse‬‬
‫‪Thermal Resistance‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺴﻴﻠﻴﺴﻭﺱ‬ ‫‪Relative Humidity‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ϕ‬‬
‫‪(MN.s)/g‬‬ ‫)ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎ(‪/‬ﻍ‬ ‫‪Vapor Resistance‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Rv‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪°‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪Temperature‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Inside Surface‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪°‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪tSi‬‬
‫‪Temperature‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Outside Surface‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪°‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬ ‫‪tSe‬‬
‫‪Temperature‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪W/(m . K‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ‪)/‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪Thermal Transmittance‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Thermal Transmittance‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ‬

‫)‪W/(m . K‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪)/‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪Ud‬‬
‫‪for Doors‬‬ ‫ﻝﻸﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Thermal Transmittance‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ‬

‫)‪W/(m . K‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪)/‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪Uw‬‬
‫‪for Walls‬‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Thermal Transmittance‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ‬

‫)‪W/(m . K‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪)/‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‬ ‫‪Uwin‬‬
‫‪for Windows‬‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Decrement Factor‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ‬ ‫‪µ‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪°‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪Wet Bulb Temperature‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪twd‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Kg/m‬‬ ‫ﻜﻎ‪/‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪Density‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪ρ‬‬
‫‪hour‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪Time Lag‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪Ө‬‬
‫‪WaterVapour‬‬
‫)‪(g.m)/(MN.s‬‬ ‫)ﻍ‪.‬ﻡ(‪)/‬ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎ(‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪δ‬‬
‫‪Permeability‬‬
‫)‪(MN.s)/(g.m‬‬ ‫)ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎ(‪)/‬ﻍ‪.‬ﻡ(‬ ‫‪Vapor Resistivity‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪1/δ‬‬
‫‪δ‬‬

‫‪-3-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ 5/1‬ﺘﻌﺎﺭﻴﻑ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1/5/1‬ﺍﻻﻨﺒﻌﺎﺜﻴﺔ )‪:(Emissivity) (ε‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﺴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻪ)‪ (t‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ ﺫﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺘﺹ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻗﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻻﺠﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2/5/1‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ)‪:(Thermal Transmittance ) (U-Value‬‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪) ،‬ﻭﺍﻁ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪) ،‬ﻡ (‪ ،‬ﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﻔﻌل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺴﻠﺴﻴﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺩﺍﺨـل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺤـﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻁ‪)/‬ﻡ‪.2‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪.W/(m2. K) ،‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫)ﻜﺎﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻘﻭﻑ(‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻘﻭﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﻴﻴﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3/5/1‬ﺍﻝﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ )‪:(Specific Heat Capacity) (Cp‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺴﻠﺴﻴﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺠﻭل‪)/‬ﻜﻎ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪.J/(kg. K) ،‬‬
‫‪ 4/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪:(Vapour Resistance) (Rv‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﻘﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺫﻩ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ) ‪ ، (Rv =1/p‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬـﺎ )ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎﺍ(‪/‬ﻍ ‪.(MN.s)/g) ،‬‬
‫‪ 5/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ )‪:(Thermal Resistance) (R‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺒﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺨﻼل ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻁﻠـﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺯﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ" ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (d‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺼﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ )‪ (λ‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ )ﻡ‪.2‬ﻜﻠﻔﻨﻠﻔﻥ(‪ /‬ﻭﺍﻁ ‪ (m2. K)/W ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻘﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ )‪(C‬‬
‫‪ 6/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ )‪: (Surface Thermal Resistance) (Rs‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﻘﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ )‪ ،(Rs = 1/h‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ )ﻡ‪.2‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ‪/‬ﻭﺍﻁ(‪.(m2. K/W) ،‬‬
‫‪ 7/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪:(Total Thermal Resistance) (Ra‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻘﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ )‪ ،(Ra=1/U‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ )ﻡ‪.2‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‪ /‬ﻭﺍﻁ‪.‬‬

‫‪-4-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ 8/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ )‪:(Cavity Thermal Resistance) (Rc‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﻌﻜﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼـﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ )‪ ،(RC=1/CC‬ﻭﻭﺤـﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴـﻬﺎ‬
‫)ﻡ‪.2‬ﻜﻠﻔﻨﻠﻔﻥ(‪ /‬ﻭﺍﻁ ‪(m2. K)/W ،‬‬
‫‪ 9/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪:(Vapour Resistivity) (1/δ‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﻘﻠﻭﺏ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ )ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎ(‪)/‬ﻍ‪.‬ﻡ( ‪(MN.s)/(g.m) ،‬‬
‫‪ 10/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ )‪:(Thermal Resistivity) (1/ λ‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﻘﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ )ﻡ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‪ /‬ﻭﺍﻁ ‪(m. K)/W ،‬‬
‫‪ 11/5/1‬ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ )‪:(Water Vapour Permeance) (p‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪) ،‬ﻡ (‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻔﻌل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺤﻴﻪ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ) ﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ ‪ /‬ﻡ ( ‪ .(N/m ) ،‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻍ‪)/‬ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎ( ‪g/(MN.s) ،‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ 12/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ )‪:(Thermal Conductance) (C‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪) ،‬ﻭﺍﻁ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪) ،‬ﻡ‪ ،(2‬ﺴﻁﺢ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻔﻌل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺤﻴﻪ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺴﻠﺴﻴﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ )‪ ،(C = λ/d‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‪) /‬ﻡ‪.2‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪W/(m2. K) ،‬‬
‫‪ 13/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ )‪:(Surface Thermal Conductance) (h‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪) ،‬ﻭﺍﻁ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﻤﺱ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻜﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪) ،‬ﻡ (‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻔﻌل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻬـﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻘـﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺴﻠﺴﻴﻭﺱ‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺤـﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‪) /‬ﻡ‪.2‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‪.W/(m2. K) ،‬‬

‫‪ 14/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ )‪: (Cavity Thermal Conductance) (Cc‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪) ،‬ﻭﺍﻁ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪) ،‬ﻡ‪ ،(2‬ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻁﺒـﻘﺔ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻴـﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻔﻌل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺤﻴﻪ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺴﻠﺴﻴﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻁ ‪) /‬ﻡ ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ( ‪.W/(m . K) ،‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ 15/5/1‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ )‪:(Thermal Conductivity) (λ‬‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺭﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﺤﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﺴﻤﺎﻜﺘﻬﺎ )ﺜﺨﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ( ﻤﺘﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﻔﻌل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﺴﻴﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺤﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‪) /‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻜﻠﻔﻥ(‪،‬‬
‫)‪W/(m. K‬‬
‫‪ 16/5/1‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ )‪:(Water Vapour Permeability) (δ‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪) ،‬ﻡ‪ ،(2‬ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺘﻪ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻔـﻌل ﻓـﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺤﻴﻪ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ ) ﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ ‪/‬ﻡ‪ ،(N/m2) ، (2‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫)ﻍ‪.‬ﻡ(‪) /‬ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎ( ‪.(g.m)/(MN.s) ،‬‬

‫‪-5-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫) ‪:( Heating Degree Day‬‬ ‫‪ 17/5/1‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻤﻥ ‪ 18.3‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺴﻴﻠﻴﺴﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻜﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪:( Cooling Degree Day‬‬ ‫‪ 18/5/1‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ 25‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺴﻴﻠﻴﺴﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻜﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 19/5/1‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻲ ) ‪:( Daily Range‬‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻤﻰ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪-6-‬‬