‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 1/4‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺴﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﺍ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2/4‬ﺒﺎﺭﺍﻤﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪ 1/2/4‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ )‪:(Humidity Ratio‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ )‪ (Humidity Content‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ)‪ (Mw‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻑ )‪ (Md.a‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪W= w‬‬ ‫] ‪[gw / Kgd.a‬‬
‫‪M d .a‬‬

‫‪Haw.a‬‬ ‫‪ 2/2/4‬ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ )‪:(Absolute Humidity‬‬

‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ )‪ (Water Vapor Density‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ)‪ (Mw‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﺔ )‪ (Vw.a‬ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫] ‪Ha w.a = w [gw/m3w.a‬‬
‫‪VW .a‬‬

‫‪td‬‬ ‫‪ 3/2/4‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ )‪:(Dew Point Temperature‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (10‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪φ‬‬ ‫‪ 5/2/4‬ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ)‪:(Relative Humidity‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻜﺱ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪MW‬‬
‫=‪φ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪%‬‬
‫‪Ws M W .S‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‪:‬‬
‫‪ =Mw‬ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ = Mw.S‬ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ) ‪ ( 11‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺒﺎﻉ )‪ (Ws‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫در
ارة 
اى )‪( C‬‬
‫‪O‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪(10‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Ws‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Ws‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Ws‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Ws‬‬

‫)‪(ºC‬‬ ‫)‪(g/Kg‬‬ ‫)‪(ºC‬‬ ‫)‪(g/Kg‬‬ ‫)‪(ºC‬‬ ‫)‪(g/Kg‬‬ ‫)‪(ºC‬‬ ‫)‪(g/Kg‬‬
‫‪-10‬‬ ‫‪2.14‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪4.84‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪9.4‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪17.3‬‬
‫‪-9‬‬ ‫‪2.33‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪5.2‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪18.3‬‬
‫‪-8‬‬ ‫‪2.54‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5.6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪10.7‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪19.4‬‬
‫‪-7‬‬ ‫‪2.76‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪11.4‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪20.6‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪2.99‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6.4‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪12.1‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪21.8‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪3.24‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6.8‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪12.8‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪3.51‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7.3‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪13.6‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪24.4‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬ ‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪7.8‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪14.5‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪25.8‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪4.13‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8.3‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪15.4‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪27.2‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪4.47‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪8.8‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪16.3‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪28.7‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪4.84‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪9.4‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪17.3‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30.3‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل) ‪( 11‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺒﺎﻉ )‪ (W s‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ ﺒﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ) ‪( 12‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ )‪º‬ﺱ(‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ )‪ (td‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ )‪ (φ‬ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫‪45%‬‬ ‫‪50%‬‬ ‫‪55%‬‬ ‫‪60%‬‬ ‫‪65%‬‬ ‫‪70%‬‬ ‫‪75%‬‬ ‫‪80%‬‬ ‫‪85%‬‬ ‫‪90%‬‬ ‫‪95%‬‬

‫‪-10‬‬ ‫‪-18.62‬‬ ‫‪-17.45‬‬ ‫‪-16.62‬‬ ‫‪-15.68‬‬ ‫‪-14.78‬‬ ‫‪-13.95‬‬ ‫‪-13.15‬‬ ‫‪-12.5‬‬ ‫‪-11.95‬‬ ‫‪-11.6‬‬ ‫‪-10.6‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪-14‬‬ ‫‪-12.95‬‬ ‫‪-11.95‬‬ ‫‪-10.93‬‬ ‫‪-10‬‬ ‫‪-8.93‬‬ ‫‪-8.26‬‬ ‫‪-7.6‬‬ ‫‪-6.94‬‬ ‫‪-6.18‬‬ ‫‪-5.61‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪-11.29‬‬ ‫‪-10.06‬‬ ‫‪-9‬‬ ‫‪-7.94‬‬ ‫‪-7.1‬‬ ‫‪-6.26‬‬ ‫‪-5.45‬‬ ‫‪-4.67‬‬ ‫‪-3.85‬‬ ‫‪-3.15‬‬ ‫‪-2.93‬‬
‫‪±0‬‬ ‫‪-9.45‬‬ ‫‪-8.21‬‬ ‫‪-7.1‬‬ ‫‪-6.1‬‬ ‫‪-5.16‬‬ ‫‪-4.26‬‬ ‫‪-3.38‬‬ ‫‪-2.59‬‬ ‫‪-1.99‬‬ ‫‪-1.42‬‬ ‫‪-0.67‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-7.77‬‬ ‫‪-6.56‬‬ ‫‪-5.43‬‬ ‫‪-4.4‬‬ ‫‪-3.16‬‬ ‫‪-2.48‬‬ ‫‪-1.77‬‬ ‫‪-0.98‬‬ ‫‪-0.26‬‬ ‫‪0.47‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪-6.11‬‬ ‫‪-4.88‬‬ ‫‪-3.69‬‬ ‫‪-2.61‬‬ ‫‪-1.79‬‬ ‫‪-0.88‬‬ ‫‪-0.09‬‬ ‫‪0.78‬‬ ‫‪1.62‬‬ ‫‪2.44‬‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪-4.49‬‬ ‫‪-3.07‬‬ ‫‪-2.1‬‬ ‫‪-1.05‬‬ ‫‪-0.08‬‬ ‫‪0.85‬‬ ‫‪1.86‬‬ ‫‪2.72‬‬ ‫‪3.62‬‬ ‫‪4.48‬‬ ‫‪5.38‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪2.69‬‬ ‫‪-1.1‬‬ ‫‪-0.44‬‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪2.83‬‬ ‫‪3.82‬‬ ‫‪4.77‬‬ ‫‪5.66‬‬ ‫‪6.48‬‬ ‫‪7.32‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪-1.26‬‬ ‫‪0.02‬‬ ‫‪1.31‬‬ ‫‪2.53‬‬ ‫‪3.74‬‬ ‫‪4.79‬‬ ‫‪5.82‬‬ ‫‪6.79‬‬ ‫‪7.65‬‬ ‫‪8.45‬‬ ‫‪9.31‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪0.35‬‬ ‫‪1.84‬‬ ‫‪3.19‬‬ ‫‪4.46‬‬ ‫‪5.63‬‬ ‫‪6.74‬‬ ‫‪7.75‬‬ ‫‪8.69‬‬ ‫‪9.6‬‬ ‫‪10.48‬‬ ‫‪11.33‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪3.76‬‬ ‫‪5.1‬‬ ‫‪6.4‬‬ ‫‪7.58‬‬ ‫‪8.67‬‬ ‫‪9.7‬‬ ‫‪10.61‬‬ ‫‪11.64‬‬ ‫‪12.55‬‬ ‫‪13.36‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪3.12‬‬ ‫‪4.65‬‬ ‫‪6.07‬‬ ‫‪7.36‬‬ ‫‪8.52‬‬ ‫‪9.63‬‬ ‫‪10.7‬‬ ‫‪11.69‬‬ ‫‪12.62‬‬ ‫‪13.52‬‬ ‫‪14.42‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪4.07‬‬ ‫‪5.59‬‬ ‫‪6.98‬‬ ‫‪8.29‬‬ ‫‪9.47‬‬ ‫‪10.61‬‬ ‫‪11.68‬‬ ‫‪12.66‬‬ ‫‪13.63‬‬ ‫‪14.58‬‬ ‫‪15.54‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6.48‬‬ ‫‪7.92‬‬ ‫‪9.18‬‬ ‫‪10.39‬‬ ‫‪11.48‬‬ ‫‪12.54‬‬ ‫‪13.37‬‬ ‫‪14.5‬‬ ‫‪15.36‬‬ ‫‪16.19‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪5.9‬‬ ‫‪7.43‬‬ ‫‪8.83‬‬ ‫‪10.12‬‬ ‫‪11.33‬‬ ‫‪12.44‬‬ ‫‪13.48‬‬ ‫‪14.56‬‬ ‫‪15.41‬‬ ‫‪16.13‬‬ ‫‪17.25‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪6.8‬‬ ‫‪8.33‬‬ ‫‪9.75‬‬ ‫‪11.09‬‬ ‫‪12.26‬‬ ‫‪13.37‬‬ ‫‪14.49‬‬ ‫‪15.47‬‬ ‫‪16.4‬‬ ‫‪17.37‬‬ ‫‪18.22‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪7.73‬‬ ‫‪9.3‬‬ ‫‪10.72‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13.22‬‬ ‫‪14.4‬‬ ‫‪15.48‬‬ ‫‪16.46‬‬ ‫‪17.44‬‬ ‫‪18.36‬‬ ‫‪19.18‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪8.6‬‬ ‫‪10.22‬‬ ‫‪11.59‬‬ ‫‪12.92‬‬ ‫‪14.21‬‬ ‫‪15.36‬‬ ‫‪16.4‬‬ ‫‪17.44‬‬ ‫‪18.41‬‬ ‫‪19.77‬‬ ‫‪20.19‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪9.54‬‬ ‫‪11.16‬‬ ‫‪12.52‬‬ ‫‪13.89‬‬ ‫‪15.19‬‬ ‫‪16.27‬‬ ‫‪17.41‬‬ ‫‪18.42‬‬ ‫‪19.39‬‬ ‫‪20.28‬‬ ‫‪21.22‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪10.44‬‬ ‫‪12.2‬‬ ‫‪13.47‬‬ ‫‪14.87‬‬ ‫‪16.04‬‬ ‫‪17.29‬‬ ‫‪18.37‬‬ ‫‪19.37‬‬ ‫‪20.37‬‬ ‫‪21.34‬‬ ‫‪22.23‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪11.34‬‬ ‫‪12.93‬‬ ‫‪14.44‬‬ ‫‪15.73‬‬ ‫‪17.06‬‬ ‫‪18.21‬‬ ‫‪19.22‬‬ ‫‪20.33‬‬ ‫‪21.37‬‬ ‫‪22.32‬‬ ‫‪23.18‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪12.2‬‬ ‫‪13.83‬‬ ‫‪15.37‬‬ ‫‪16.69‬‬ ‫‪17.99‬‬ ‫‪19.11‬‬ ‫‪20.24‬‬ ‫‪21.35‬‬ ‫‪22.27‬‬ ‫‪23.3‬‬ ‫‪24.22‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪13.15‬‬ ‫‪14.84‬‬ ‫‪16.26‬‬ ‫‪17.67‬‬ ‫‪18.9‬‬ ‫‪20.09‬‬ ‫‪21.29‬‬ ‫‪22.32‬‬ ‫‪23.32‬‬ ‫‪24.31‬‬ ‫‪25.16‬‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪14.08‬‬ ‫‪15.68‬‬ ‫‪17.24‬‬ ‫‪18.57‬‬ ‫‪19.83‬‬ ‫‪21.11‬‬ ‫‪22.23‬‬ ‫‪23.31‬‬ ‫‪24.32‬‬ ‫‪25.22‬‬ ‫‪26.1‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪14.96‬‬ ‫‪16.61‬‬ ‫‪18.24‬‬ ‫‪19.38‬‬ ‫‪20.86‬‬ ‫‪22.07‬‬ ‫‪23.18‬‬ ‫‪24.28‬‬ ‫‪25.25‬‬ ‫‪26.2‬‬ ‫‪27.18‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪15.85‬‬ ‫‪17.58‬‬ ‫‪19.04‬‬ ‫‪20.48‬‬ ‫‪21.83‬‬ ‫‪22.97‬‬ ‫‪24.2‬‬ ‫‪25.23‬‬ ‫‪26.21‬‬ ‫‪27.26‬‬ ‫‪28.18‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪16.79‬‬ ‫‪18.44‬‬ ‫‪19.96‬‬ ‫‪21.44‬‬ ‫‪23.71‬‬ ‫‪23.94‬‬ ‫‪25.11‬‬ ‫‪26.1‬‬ ‫‪27.21‬‬ ‫‪28.19‬‬ ‫‪29.09‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪18.62‬‬ ‫‪20.28‬‬ ‫‪21.9‬‬ ‫‪23.26‬‬ ‫‪24.65‬‬ ‫‪25.79‬‬ ‫‪27.08‬‬ ‫‪28.24‬‬ ‫‪29.23‬‬ ‫‪30.16‬‬ ‫‪31.17‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪20.42‬‬ ‫‪22.19‬‬ ‫‪23.77‬‬ ‫‪25.19‬‬ ‫‪26.54‬‬ ‫‪27.85‬‬ ‫‪28.94‬‬ ‫‪30.09‬‬ ‫‪31.19‬‬ ‫‪32.13‬‬ ‫‪33.11‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪22.23‬‬ ‫‪24.08‬‬ ‫‪25.5‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28.41‬‬ ‫‪29.65‬‬ ‫‪30.88‬‬ ‫‪31.97‬‬ ‫‪33.05‬‬ ‫‪34.23‬‬ ‫‪35.06‬‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪23.97‬‬ ‫‪25.74‬‬ ‫‪27.44‬‬ ‫‪28.87‬‬ ‫‪30.31‬‬ ‫‪31.62‬‬ ‫‪32.78‬‬ ‫‪33.96‬‬ ‫‪35.01‬‬ ‫‪36.05‬‬ ‫‪37.03‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪24.71‬‬ ‫‪27.66‬‬ ‫‪29.22‬‬ ‫‪30.81‬‬ ‫‪32.16‬‬ ‫‪33.48‬‬ ‫‪34.69‬‬ ‫‪35.86‬‬ ‫‪36.98‬‬ ‫‪38.05‬‬ ‫‪39.11‬‬
‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪30.29‬‬ ‫‪32.17‬‬ ‫‪33.86‬‬ ‫‪35.38‬‬ ‫‪36.85‬‬ ‫‪38.24‬‬ ‫‪39.54‬‬ ‫‪40.74‬‬ ‫‪41.87‬‬ ‫‪42.97‬‬ ‫‪44.03‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪34.76‬‬ ‫‪36.63‬‬ ‫‪38.46‬‬ ‫‪40.09‬‬ ‫‪41.58‬‬ ‫‪42.99‬‬ ‫‪44.33‬‬ ‫‪45.55‬‬ ‫‪46.75‬‬ ‫‪47.9‬‬ ‫‪48.98‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ )ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ(‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل)‪(12‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ ﺒﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬

‫‪- 52 -‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 3/4‬ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ‪Surface Condensation‬‬ ‫‪1/3/4‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻼﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻓﺊ ﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺘﻘل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻓﺊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﻤﺱ ﻝﻠﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺃﻗل ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺯﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻤﺎﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻓﻰﺀ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ) ‪ ( 11‬ﻭ )‪.(12‬‬

‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪(11‬‬
‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪(12‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﺯﻉ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫‪- 53 -‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺏ(ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (13‬ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﺏ)‪ (Psychrometric Chart‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺭﻁﻭﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﻀﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫ ا اء ا ‬
‫‪PSYCHROMETRIC CHART‬‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪100%‬‬

‫‪90%‬‬
‫ى ا  )غ‪/‬آ"(‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪80%‬‬

‫ا  ا  ‪Relative Humidity‬‬

‫‪70%‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪17.3 g/Kg‬‬ ‫‪Bs‬‬
‫‪60%‬‬
‫)‪Moisture Content (g/Kg‬‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪50%‬‬

‫‪12.2 g/Kg‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪40%‬‬

‫‪9.4 g/Kg‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪30%‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪6.1 g/Kg‬‬
‫‪20%‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬

‫‪10%‬‬

‫‪14.1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫در ارة ا اء ا  ‪C‬‬
‫‪Dry air Temperature‬‬
‫ا )‪(13‬‬
‫‪- 54 -‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ‪:‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺎﺩل‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (13‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ (0ºC‬ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (4.8 g/Kg‬ﻤﻥ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﺸﺒﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(20ºC‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺎﺩل )‪ (17.3 g/Kg‬ﻤﻥ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺸﺒﻌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻜﻤﺎﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ ‪ :A‬ﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻨﻘﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻪ) ‪ (5 ºC‬ﻭﺭﻁﻭﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ )‪.(%90‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(6.1 g/Kg‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ )‪ ،(20 ºC‬ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ ‪:B‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺠﺩﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ )‪(%35‬ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫)‪.(6.1g/Kg‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻓﺊ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﺍﺌﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ ‪:Bs‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯل ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺒﺎﻉ )‪.(φ=100%‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ ‪ :C‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ )‪ (70%‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ ) ‪(20 ºC‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﺍﺌﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺤﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺘﻌﺎﺩل )‪.(12.2 g/Kg‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ ‪ :D‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ) ‪ (20 ºC‬ﺇﻝﻰ)‪ (14.1 ºC‬ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ )‪ (70%‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻼ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ .(φ=100%‬ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ ‪ :E‬ﻤﻼﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺒﻊ ﻷﻱ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺘﻘل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻜﺴﻁﺢ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻪ )‪ ،(10 ºC‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻴﺘﻜﺜﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻤﺎﺀ ﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ )‪.(9.4 g/Kg‬‬
‫‪ 2/3/4‬ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻓﻲ ‪Interstitial Condensation‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ )ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻓﺊ( ﻝﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ )ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩ( ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨل ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻑ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻜﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨل‪ .‬ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺘﻜﺜﻑ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ‬
‫‪.2/8/2‬‬
‫‪- 55 -‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ )‪ (Water Vapor Barrier‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻓﺊ ﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻤﻨﻊ ﺘﻐﻠﻐل ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪(14‬‬

‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪(14‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻤﻨﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺤﺎﺠﺯ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﻤﺎﺀ‬

‫‪ 4/4‬ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1/4/4‬ﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻲ‬

‫ﺃ( ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ )‪ (70%‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺴﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻔﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ(ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﻭ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻔﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺴﻘﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻔﻥ ﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺘﺎﺌﺭ ﻭﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺎﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺼﻘﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﺨﺯﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺒﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺼﻘﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﺇﺘﻼﻑ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻫﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻝﺴﺎﻜﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2/4/4‬ﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍ( ﺼﺩﺃ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ ) ‪.( 2/8/2‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﻨﺘﻔﺎﺥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﺯل ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﺯﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﺭﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ( ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻤﻼﺡ ﻭ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺩﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 5/4‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ‬

‫ﺃ(‪ -‬ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ) ‪ (Continuous Heating‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ‬
‫)‪16‬ﺴﺎ‪/‬ﻴﻭﻡ ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﻴل ﻜﺎﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻻﺨﺘﺯﺍﻥ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻁﻭﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ )ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻯ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ(‪ -‬ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﻁﻌﺔ )‪ (Infrequent Heating‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ )‪ 8‬ﺴﺎ‪/‬ﻴﻭﻡ (‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﺸﻐﺎل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺨﺸﻴﺔ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ(‪ -‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ(‪ -‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ )‪ ،(Water Vapour Barriers‬ﻭ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ ) ‪ (13‬ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ(‪ -‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺯﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻋﻥ )‪.(3ºC‬‬
‫ﻭ(‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻲ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻜﺎﺜﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯ(‪ -‬ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪.(14‬‬
‫ﻱ(‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻭﺼﻴ ﹰ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪/‬ﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪.‬ﻤﺘﺭ(‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤـــــﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪(MN.s/g.m‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻫﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﻨﺠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪360000 – 324000‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻴﺒﻭﻜﺴﻲ)‪(Epoxy resin‬‬
‫‪216000 – 100000‬‬ ‫* ﻤﻴﻼﻤﻴـﻥ)‪(Melamine resin‬‬
‫‪130000‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﻝﻲ ﺒﺭﻭﺒﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﻠﻤﺭ ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﻨﻴل‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪46000‬‬ ‫* ﺃﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺘﻬﺎ )‪ (0.4‬ﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘﺭ‬
‫‪92000‬‬ ‫* ﺃﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺘﻬﺎ )‪ (0.5‬ﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﻝﻲ ﺍﻴﺜﻴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪350000‬‬ ‫* ﺃﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺘﻬﺎ )‪ (0.10‬ﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘﺭ‬
‫‪184000‬‬ ‫* ﺃﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺘﻬﺎ )‪ (0.30‬ﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘﺭ‬
‫‪3240‬‬ ‫ﻁﻼﺀ ﺯﻓﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺘﻪ )‪ (1.0‬ﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘﺭ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ )ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ(‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪(13‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (14‬ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴــﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴـــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤـــــﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪.‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪/‬ﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪.‬ﻤﺘﺭ(‬
‫)‪(MN.s/g.m‬‬
‫‪80 – 135‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻤﻠﻴﺔ ) ﺃﺤﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ (‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪54 – 80‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻤﺕ‬
‫‪27 – 54‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻔـﺭﻍ‬
‫‪27 – 54‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻤﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻔﺭﻍ‬
‫‪80 – 135‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﺭﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺭﻱ‬
‫‪800‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﺯﺠﺎﺠــﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪380 – 800‬‬ ‫* ﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻔﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻥ‬

‫‪27 – 54‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻏﻭﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ –ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اا
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺠـﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪540 – 1620‬‬ ‫ﺒﻼﻁ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪2700‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻠﻴﻨﻭﻝﻴـــﻭﻡ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪4300‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁــــﺎﻁ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪80 – 190‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻹﺴﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪54‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺸﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺸﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪380‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪270 – 540‬‬ ‫ﺃﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺌﻘﻲ )ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻜﺱ(‬ ‫•‬
‫‪100 – 270‬‬ ‫ﺃﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻻﺴﺒﺴﺘﻭﺱ ﺍﻹﺴﻤﻨﺘﻲ )ﺍﻻﻤﻴﻨﻁ(‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻨﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﻁﻴﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪10000‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﺯﻓﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺘﻴﻭﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺴﻤﺎﻜﺔ )‪ (20‬ﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘﺭ‬
‫‪7000 – 16000‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﻠﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﻓﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺯﻝﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺍﻝﻠﺩﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻏﻭﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪200 – 540‬‬ ‫* ﺃﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﻝﻴﺴﺘﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (30‬ﻜﻎ ‪ /‬ﻡ‪3‬‬
‫‪160 – 380‬‬ ‫* ﺃﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﻝﻴﺴﺘﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (25‬ﻜﻎ ‪ /‬ﻡ‪3‬‬
‫‪100 – 270‬‬ ‫* ﺃﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﻝﻴﺴﺘﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (15‬ﻜﻎ ‪ /‬ﻡ‪3‬‬
‫‪160 – 540‬‬ ‫* ﺍﻝﺒﻭﻝﻲ ﻴﻭﺭﺜﻴﻥ‬
‫‪5.4‬‬ ‫ﺏ – ﺍﻷﻝﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪27 – 160‬‬ ‫ﺝ – ﺃﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪ (RV‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﻀﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻤﺎﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ )ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺘﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (9‬ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪RV‬‬ ‫‪⋅d‬‬ ‫)‪(MN.s/g‬‬ ‫)ﻤﻴﻐﺎﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪ .‬ﺜﺎ‪/‬ﻍ(‬
‫‪δ‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل)‪(14‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬

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