TYPES OF OPERATIONS PERFORMED ON NERVES

Some of the following operations are performed commonly on nerves. Peripheral nerve surgery
encompasses acute nerve injuries, entrapment neuropathies and nerve sheath tumors.

1-Decompressive surgery: Decompression is a surgical procedure to relieve pressure and alleviate pain
caused by this impingement. A small portion of the bone over the nerve root, called lamina, and/or disc
material from under the nerve root is removed to give the nerve more space.

Carpal tunnel surgery, also called carpal tunnel release (CTR) and carpal tunnel decompression surgery,
is a surgery in which the transverse carpal ligament is divided. It is a surgical treatment for carpal tunnel
syndrome (CTS) and recommended when there is constant (not just intermittent) numbness, muscle
weakness, or atrophy, and when night-splinting no longer controls intermittent symptoms of pain in the
carpal tunnel.

2-Epineurial repair is a common surgical procedure to repair a nerve laceration via the epineurium, the
connective tissue surrounding nerve fibers originating from the spinal cord. It is intended to allow the
restoration of sensory function. When a nerve is lacerated or cut, repair is done by sewing the cut ends
together through the epineurium to increase the potential of the proximal part growing correctly along
the route the degrading distal part leaves behind. Usual sensation and mobility will not be an immediate
result because nerves grow at a rate of approximately 1 millimeter per day, so it will take a few months
to notice the final outcome.

3-Nerve allo-transplantation/Nerve Grafting is the transplantation of a nerve to a receiver from a donor

of the same species. For example, nerve tissue is transplanted from one person to another. Allo-
transplantation is a commonly used type of transplantation of which nerve repair is one specific aspect.
The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, or homograft. The procedure may be
performed in cases in which the gap in a severed nerve is too large to be repaired by suture alone. The
graft provides a pathway that encourages the regrowth of severed axons from the central stump of the
damaged nerve.

4-Nerve regeneration therapies in nerve injuries: Electrical stimulation can promote nerve regeneration.
The positive effect of electrical stimulation on nerve regeneration is due to its molecular influence on the
damaged neuron and Schwann cells. Neurotrophic factors are those that promote survival and growth of
neurons. These neurotrophic factors have both autocrine and paracrine effects, as they promote growth
of the damaged neurons as well as the adjacent Schwann cells.