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 SOUVENIR &
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

First International Conference on Future Technologies in

Manufacturing, Automation, Design and Energy

28-30 December 2020

Department of Mechanical Engineering

National Institute of Technology Puducherry
(An Institute of National Importance under Ministry of Education, Govt. of India)
Karaikal, Puducherry, India
 ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Chief Patron Prof. K. Sankaranarayanasamy

Director, NIT Puducherry, India

Patron Prof. G. Aghila

Registrar (i/c), NIT Puducherry, India

International Prof. Amaro Pereria, Federal University, Brazil

& National Prof. J. Paulo Davim, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Advisory Prof. Joydeep Dutta, KTH Sweden, Sweden
Committee Prof. Martin Roeb, DLR Germany, Germany
Prof. Senthilarasu Sundaram, University of Exeter, UK
Prof. Singiresu S. Rao, University of Miami, USA
Prof. Tapas Kumar Mallick, University of Exeter, UK
Prof. Anil Kumar Sharma, JMI, New Delhi, India
Prof. A Selvaraju, Former Professor, Puducherry Technological
University, India
Prof. A. Sreekumar, Pondicherry University, India
Prof. Bibek Bandyopadhyay, IIEST – Howrah, India
Prof. B. Radjaram, MVIT, Puducherry, India
Prof. Devanuri Jaya Krishna, NIT Warangal, India
Prof. Dilip Kumar Pratihar, IIT Kharagpur, India
Prof. Dineshsingh G Thakur, DIAT, Pune, India
Prof. D. Ragupathy, NIT Puducherry, India
Prof. E. Anil Kumar, IIT Tirupati, India
Prof. G. N. Tiwari, Former Professor, IIT Delhi, India
Prof. G. Veershetty, NITK Surathkal, India
Prof. G.K. Anantha Suresh, IISC Bangalore, India
Prof. Himanshu Tyagi, IIT Ropar, India
Prof. K. Srinivasa Reddy, IIT Madras, India
Prof. K. Ravi Kumar, IIT Delhi, India
Prof. K.R. Balasubramanian, NIT Trichy, India
Prof. K V Gangadharan, NITK Surathkal, India
Dr. M V J J Suresh, GE Power, India
 ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Prof. Nabin Sarmah, Tezpur University, India

Prof. Narendra Gajbhiye, MANIT Bhopal, India
Prof. N. Alagumurthi, Puducherry Technological University,
India
Prof. Om Prakash Singh, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, India
Prof. P. Karthikeyan, PSG Tech, India
Prof. Rajiv Prakash, IIT BHU, India
Prof. Rangan Banerjee, IIT Bombay, India
Prof. Raman Bedi, NIT Jalandhar, India
Prof. R. Ganesh Narayanan, IIT Guwahati, India
Prof. R. Anand, NIT Trichy, India
Prof. R. Prabhu Sekar, MNNIT Allahabad, India
Dr. Shanmugasundaram Sakthivel, ARCI Hyderabad, India
Prof. Srinivas Tangellapalli, NIT Jalandhar, India
Prof. Subir Kumar Saha, IIT Delhi, India
Prof. Subarna Maiti, CSIR – CSMCRI Gujarat, India
Prof. S. Suresh, NIT Trichy, India
Prof. S. Murugan, NIT Rourkela, India
Prof. S. Kanmani Subbu, IIT Palakkad, India
Prof. S. Vinodh, NIT Trichy, India
Prof. S. Iniyan, Anna University, India
Prof. Thundil Karuppa Raj R, VIT Vellore, India
Prof. T. Ramesh, NIT Trichy, India

Conference Dr. Sendhil Kumar Natarajan, NIT Puducherry, India

Chairman

Organizing Dr. N.M. Sivaram, NIT Puducherry, India

Secretaries Dr. A. Johnney Mertens, NIT Puducherry, India
Dr. M V A Raju Bahubalendruni, NIT Puducherry, India
Dr. M. Vadivukkarasan, NIT Puducherry, India
 Message from
THE DIRECTOR
Dr. K. Sankaranarayanasamy
Director, NIT Puducherry

It is an immense pleasure to know that the Department of Mechanical

Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal is
organizing the First International conference on Future Technologies in
Manufacturing, Automation, Design and Energy during 28-30 December
2020. Being a centrally funded institute and an institute of national
importance, NIT Puducherry has been actively involved in teaching, research,
consultancy and many funding projects. For the benefit of academicians and
industrialists, many programs are being conducted in our institute.
In this regard, I congratulate the HOD, faculty and staff members as well as
students of the Mechanical Engineering Department. This event would
definitely benefit the participants coming from various institutes and
organizations across the globe.
I wish for the grand success of the conference.

Director
NIT Puducherry
 Message from
THE CHAIRMAN
Dr. N. Sendhil Kumar
Chairman [ICoFT 2020]

It is our pleasure to organize the First International conference on Future

Technologies in Manufacturing, Automation, Design and Energy (ICoFT 2020)
during 28-30 December 2020. We are extremely happy in receiving good
response for this program. I feel, it is a good opportunity for everyone to
share their ideas in this common platform of ICoFT 2020. I congratulate all
our secretaries and organizing committee members for actively involved in
taking the responsibilities in conducing the conference. My sincere thanks to
all the reviewers, session chairs, participants and listeners who have
contributed for the success of this event.
I strongly believe that this conference will be helpful to the researchers and
industrialists engaged in the field of Mechanical Engineering.

Chairman
[ICoFT 2020]
 About the Institution

National Institute of Technology, Puducherry, Karaikal (NITPY), is an autonomous

public technical institute nestled in the scenes of Karaikal, a coastal enclave in the
basin of river Kaveri in the Union Territory of Puducherry. It is one among the 31
National Institute of Technology of India and is declared as an Institute of National
Importance by Government of India under NIT Act, 2007.
The institute was established in 2010 and is spread across 258 acres in the villages
Poovam and Thiruvettakudy of Karaikal. The institution is at a constant attempt of
making endeavours to scale new heights by developing a synergy between studies,
research, consulting/training activities, and placements. The institute is ranked at 130
under the category of "India Rankings 2020 - Engineering" of the 2020 NIRF rankings,
released by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.

About the Department

Department of Mechanical Engineering was established in July 2014 with an

undergraduate (B.Tech.) Program. At present, the department also offers PhD
programme. Dedicated faculty members with expertise in diverse domains of
mechanical engineering such as Computer Aided Design, Industry 4.0, Smart
Manufacturing, Ergonomics, Design Automation, Power Plant Structural Analysis,
Natural Fibre Composites, Energy Engineering, Renewable Energy, Thermal and Fluid
Science, which contributes to the department knowledge hub. Likewise, the non-
teaching staffs are sound in technical skills and help to strengthen the student's
theoretical understanding through lab practices.
Department puts a great effort to help women gain a sense that they belong to the
Mechanical Engineering discipline. It also wants to see more women opting to pursue
Mechanical Engineering. It facilitates active industrial projects for students such as
IGCAR Kalppakam, Pondicherry Power Corporation Limited Karaikal, etc. With this,
the students are made aware of current technologies, innovations and the necessity
of industrial collaborations as well as addressing the real-world problems. Our
department also encourages our students to form a technical/arts/innovation club,
develop entrepreneur skills, participate in sports meet, engage in cultural activities
and other co-curricular activities to improve their professional skills and groom them
as a well rounded off personalities to provide the required leadership skills in fulfilling
Make In India manthra to compete with the fastest growing country with available
resources. Our department emphasizing on active interdisciplinary research, initiate
collaboration with foreign universities and drawing external sources of funding from
various funding agencies such as DST-SERB, DST-Inspire Faculty Fellowship, DST-
UKIERI with Loughbourgh University, London, UK.
Department Profile
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Prof. K. Sankaranarayanasamy
Professor and Director
Areas of Interests:
Ergonomics at Work place, Industrial Safety, Laser Material
Processing, Power plant Structure analysis, Natural Fiber Composites

Dr. Sendhil Kumar Natarajan,

Assistant Professor & Head
Areas of Interests:
Solar Thermal, Concentrating Photovoltaic, Integration of High
Temperature Solar Thermal and CPV, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Jet
Ejectors, Waste Frying Oils, Fuel Cells.

Dr. N.M. Sivaram,

Assistant Professor
Areas of Interests:
Production Engineering, Industrial Safety Engineering

Dr. A. Johnney Mertens,

Assistant Professor
Areas of Interests:
Polymer Composites, Material Characterization, Gear

Dr. M V A Raju Bahubalendruni,

Assistant Professor
Areas of Interests:
Design for Manufacturing & Assembly (DFMA), Environmental
Conscious Manufacturing, Assembly Automation, Rapid Prototyping

Dr. M. Vadivukkarasan
DST Inspire Faculty
Areas of Interests:
Liquid Spray Atomization, Hydrodynamic Instability, Thin Liquid films
and Interfacial Phenomenon
 SPONSORS

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 SPONSORS

STATE DESIGNATED AGENCY

RENEWABLE ENERGY AGENCY, PUDUCHERRY (REAP)
(U.T. of Puducherry)

To promote the concept of Renewable Energy Sources and to implement the schemes on
Renewable Energy in the Union Territory of Puducherry, Renewable Energy Agency,
Puducherry was established also it is Society Registration Act in December 2005.
Renewable Energy Agency, Puducherry is the State Nodal Agency of Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, New Delhi and State Designated Agency of Bureau of Energy Efficiency,
Ministry of Power, Government of India, New Delhi. Besides it is the implementing agency
for various Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation projects in the Union Territory of
Puducherry.
CONTENTS

Keynote Lecture I
Keynote Lecture II
Keynote Lecture III
Keynote Lecture IV
Keynote Lecture V
Keynote Lecture VI

Manufacturing

Title of the Manuscript

Paper ID Page No.
Authors (Presenting Author)
Smart materials for 4D printing: a review on Developments,
7 Challenges and Applications 47
Sreenivasulu Reddy
Examining the build properties of PolyJet printed multi-material
10 parts in additive manufacturing 48
Arivazhagan Pugalendhi and Rajesh Ranganathan
Design of Workplace in Assembly Unit Using Ergonomic Principles
13 49
Manivel Muralidaran V, Balaji M and Arun V
Experimental Investigation on Electrochemical Discharge Machining
of Zirconia
19 50
Vijay Manoharan, Dr. Sekar Tamilperuvalathan, Dr.Elango
Natarajan and Prasanth Ponnusamy Ponnusamy
Risk Management for e-Commerce Supply Chain Network Using
27 Robust Optimization Approach: A Case Study 51
Shubhender Singh, Pradeep Kumar and Manish Bhandari
Calculation of Filling Characteristic of Cast Al - Si Alloy
29 52
Santhi Samavedam, Jyothi Us and Srinivasa Vadayar K
Evaluation of Mechanical and Tribological behaviour of Novel Agro
38 waste ash reinforced Aluminium metal Matrix hybrid composites 53
Palanivendhan M and Chandradass J
Influence of Ceramic Coatings on the Tribological Characteristics of
39 Stainless-Steel Piston Rings 54
Jennifer Philip and Dhulipalla Srikar Hari Vishnu
CONTENTS

Review on Materials and Method used to Develop Antimicrobial

40 Coatings in Medical and Food Processing Industry 55
Vinod Babu Chintada, Sasidhar Gurugubelli and Sudhakar Uppada
Effect of drilling operation parameters on surface roughness and
thrust force of Aluminium reinforced with 10% Al2O3 functionally
41 56
graded metal matrix composite
S. Prathap Singh, T. Prabhuram, D. Elilraja and J. Immanuel Durairaj
Effect of laser scan speed on microstructure and mirco-hardness on
42 Titanium clad Magnesium 57
Ganesa Balamurugan Kannan and Duraiselvam Muthukannan
Detonation Gun Spray Coatings on Martensitic Stainless Steels
46 Jhansi Jadav, Shanti Samavedam, Pvsl Narayana and Bhomik 58
Deogade
Joining of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA2024 and AA7075 by
47 friction stir welding: A review 59
Ajay Kaushal, Sachindra Shankar and Somnath Chattopadhyaya
Observational Exposition of Metal Matrix Composite Aluminum-
6069(Al) Fraction Variance Strengthened with Molybdenum (Mo)
48 60
and Coconut Shell Ash (CSA)
Fathimunnisa Begum, Sasidhar Gurugubelli and Ravi Kumar N
Recent advances in machining of composites and super alloys by
using wire-EDM. A Review
49 61
Tariq Ahmad, Noor Zaman Khan, Babar Ahmad and Annayath
Maqbool
Effect of buffer layer on crack susceptibility, mechanical and
55 microstructural properties of Ni hard coatings 62
Nikhil Thawari, Nikhil Chaubey, Aayush Chandak and T. V. K. Gupta
Experimental Investigation on Properties of Acetic Acid Treated
56 Banana Fiber Polymer Composites 63
J. Ronald Aseer, S. Renold Elsen and K. Sankaranarayanasamy
Laser Beam Welding of Advanced High Strength Steels (Dual Phase
Steels)
58 64
P V S Lakshminarayana, Jai Prakash Gautam, P Mastanaiah and
G Madhusudan Reddy
Plasma cladding of copper on cylindrical SS 316L surface
61 Aditya C, Gagan C, Poojith Raj R, Balaji V, Srinivasachari V and 65
Suyog Jhavar
CONTENTS

Effect of curvilinear weld profile shapes on weld line movement in

63 the stamping of tailor welded blanks 66
V.V.N. Satya Suresh, A Suresh and Srinivasa Prakash Regalla
The effect of HSS and carbide tool on the mechanism of chip
64 formation during turning of medium carbon steel (AISI1030) 67
Sumit Mahajan and Kalyan Chakraborty
General Regression Neural Network Based Frame Work for the
Evaluation of Ultimate Tensile Strength of Vibratory Assisted
65 Welded Joints 68
M Vykunta Rao, M.V.A. Raju Bahubalendruni and Vinod Babu
Chintada
Experimental Studies on Material Removal Rate of Die Steel in
Electrochemical Micromachining process using Taguchi Method
67 69
Vijayakumar Kanniyappan, Sekar Tamilperuvalathan and Vijay
Manoharan
Microstructural Characterization and Microhardness Investigations
on Friction Stir Additive Manufactured Commercially Pure
69 Aluminium Alloy 70
Dinesh Kumar Rajendran, Balaji Baskaran and Ganesa
Balamurugan Kannan
Finite Element Modeling to predict the defect formation in Friction
70 Stir Welds of AA6061 71
Karpagaraj Anbalagan, Vikas Upadhyay and Sumit Kumar Purswani
Effect of turning parameters on surface roughness of EN-9 steel
using Taguchi robust design – An analysis
72 72
Shahid Khurshid, Mehjooba Zainab, Yasir Farooq, Faizan Yousuf,
Tamjeed Ayoub, Fayaz Ahmad Mir and Junaid Hassan Masoodi
Study and analysis of milk run model for minimum cost under
75 upstream supply chain of a dairy plant 73
Sanjay Kumar, Asim Gopal Barman and Vishal Kumar
Effect of Micro-milling Parameters on Surface Roughness of Soft
85 Metal Cutting and its Regression Model 74
Subhajit Bhattacharyya, H Chelladurai and Mohd Zahid Ansari
Application of Taguchi procedure to decide optimum variable levels
88 for Powder Blended EDM 75
Santarao K, Suresh Ch and C L V R S V Prasad
CONTENTS

Numerical and experimental investigation on pressure drop across

process optimized micro-milled aluminium heat sink
91 76
Mohd. Zahid Ansari, Jyoti Pandey, Subhajit Bhattacharyya and
H. Chelladurai
Effect of initial conditions on microstructure and mechanical
properties of dual phase steel during intercritical annealing with
92 varied soaking time 77
Chavan Akash Naik, Dr. Jai Prakash Gautam and Hima Viswa
Jagadeesh
Parameter Optimization of Wire-cut EDM of Inconel Alloy for
95 Maximizing Material Removal Rate 78
S Arulselvan, C Veera Ajay and C T Justus Panicker
Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of hemp-jute
and hybrid e-glass GFRP (glass fibre reinforced polymer) composite
96 79
Raviteja Surakasi, Suresh Dannana, Prasanna Kumar V V and
Kameswara Rao P
Microstructural analysis of Friction Stir Processed Al5083 alloy
111 Hari Durai, Narmada Devi N, Prabhakaran R, Sutharsan M and 80
Ganesa Balamurugan Kannan
Performance Evaluation Through Audit of 519 Organizations
113 81
Karri Naveen
Effect of varying tool parameters on chip formation and reaction
116 force 82
Raunika Anand, Jeet Desai and Rajyalakshmi G
Study of Sisal and Jute based Natural Fiber Reinfored Polymer
119 (NFRP) Composites for sustainable habitat 83
Ankit and Moti Lal Rinawa
Wood Plastic Composite Processing And Mechanical Characteristics
121 – A Brief Literature Review 84
Sachin S Raj
Influences of compaction parameters on compressive and physical
properties of AZ91D/ SiC metal matrix composite through powder
123 metallurgy 85
N M Sivaram, Karthik Kumar, B Chandu Naik, D Ravi Jakhar,
Sudhanshu Ranjan and Packia Antony Amalan A
CONTENTS

Effect of Filler Content on the Performance of Epoxy/Haritaki

Powder Composite
125 86
Narmadadevi N, Velumurugan V, Prabhakaran R and
Venkatakrishnan R
Surface Alteration and Effect of Fiber amount on The Optimization
of Palmyra And Moringa Oleifera Fibrils Fortified Composites
134 87
Gowdagiri Venkatesha Prasanna, R.Srilekha, AVN Sri Harsha,
V.Sunil Kumar
Optimization of Specific cutting energy in turning of AISI 304
136 Stainless steel using Taguchi method 88
Annamalai S, Guruprasad B and Vaithianathan N
Influence of squeeze time on fracture mode of SS304 spot
weldments
140 89
Bikash Kumar, Binaya Ranjan Maharana, Ajit Kumar Sahu, Swagat
Dwibedi, Arijeet Jena, Subham Das and Suraj Prasad
Finite Element Modelling of Temperature Evolution During
Selective Laser Melting
151 90
Nithya Srimurugan, Rishi Dwivedi, Vineesh Vishnu, Basil Kuriachen
and K P Vineesh
Mechanical Alloying of Ti20Nb20Mo20Ta20W20 High Entropy Alloy
155 System 91
Amritava Sarkar, P S Robi and Ananthakrishnan Srinivasan
Effects on Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene
159 (HDPE) reinforced with Walnut Shell Powder 92
Adnan Ali Khan, Uzair Ali Khan and Rafid Hassan
Grey-Fuzzy Modeling And Analysis of Optimizing Turning Process
Parameters for Stainless Steel Material
165 93
Jegan Prasath V, Karthick Kannan R, Shanmuga Mugesh R, Sugeesh
N, Sundara Bharathi S.R. and Arul Marcel Moshi A
The Study of Kenaf/Eglass fibre content on Mechanical properties
169 of biopolymer Cashew Nut shell liquid/Epoxy matrix 94
Prabhakaran R, Venkatakrishnan R and Narmadadevi N
Study of hardness and wear resistance on the newly formulated
Aluminium alloy (6082) reinforced with boron carbide and rice husk
170 ash 95
Thirumaran V, Ganesh M, Ganesa Balamurugan Kannan and
Sutharsan M
CONTENTS

Automation

Title of the Manuscript

Paper ID Page No.
Authors (Presenting Author)
Attractor plot as an emerging tool in ECG signal processing for
improved health informatics
18 96
Varun Gupta, Yatender Chaturvedi, Parvin Kumar, Abhas Kanungo
and Pankaj Kumar
Quanser Qube Twinning
21 97
Phanindra Burada, Srinivas Paruchuri and Vijaya Lakshmi Korupu
Finite Element Analysis of Lightweight Robot Fingers Actuated by
24 Pneumatic Pressure 98
Appadurai M and Fantin Irudaya Raj E
Computation of the Crump weir discharge coefficient with multiple
36 nonlinear regression analysis (MNLR)XLSTAT 99
Pankaj and N. K. Tiwari
Design And Development Of Home Automation System
59 100
Boopathi Rani R, Bavithran N and Prasannakumar S
Design And Development Of Automatic System To Protect Crop
60 From Animals And Birds 101
Boopathi Rani R, Preetha A and Gnanavalli S
Spectrogram as an emerging tool in ECG signal processing
66 102
Varun Gupta, Monika Mittal, Vikas Mittal and Nitin Kumar Saxena
Automation to find adulteration in downstream petroleum
106 monitoring using machine learning: An overview 103
Hemachandiran S, Aghila G and Siddharth R
Smart dispensing of ingredients using VL53LOX & Piezoelectric
127 Polymer sensor 104
Prakash K R, Guruprasad V and Nithin K S
Implementation of industrial IoT laboratory for sensors
128 105
Prakash K R, Pratiksha Narake and Ramya M V
A Novel Mechatronic system to distribute tennis balls using
132 Pneumatics 106
Pradnya Patil
CONTENTS

Weld Microstructural Image Segmentation for Detection of

Intermetallic Compounds Using Support Vector Machine
141 Classification 107
Pavan Kumar Nalajam, Ramesh Varadarajan, Mohandas K N and
Muni Kumar Gundu
Navigation of Mobile Robot through mapping using orbbec astra
142 camera and ROS in an Indoor environment 108
Basavanna M, Dr.Shivakumar M and Dr.Prakash K R
Automation in retail ‘follow-me-auto shopping cart’: A self-
propelled computer vision based shopper following cart with auto-
168 billing feature using IIoT 109
Ayaskanta Mishra, Aditya Mohan, Abhranil Mandal, Anamika
Mohanty and Akashdeep Chowdhury
An Intelligent and Robust Fault Diagnostics for an
Electromechanical System using Vibration and Current Signals
174 110
Dr. Purushottam Gangsar, Mr. Zeeshan Ali, Dr. Manoj
Chouksey and Dr. Anand Parey
Analysis of Cache Memory Architecture Design Using Low Power
175 Reduction Techniques for Microprocessors 111
Reeya Agrawal and Manish Kumar
Low Power SRAM Memory Architecture for IoT Systems
176 112
Reeya Agrawal and Manish Kumar

Design

Title of the Manuscript

Paper ID Page No.
Authors (Presenting Author)
Design and structural analysis of Nano-satellite
8 113
Balaji Ravi
Unbalance identification and balancing using model sensitivity
12 based approach 114
Dinesh Kumar Pasi, Manoj Chouksey and Ashesh Tiwari
8-Bit Electromechanical Processor Design for Education in Digital
23 Computation 115
Shashwath Sundar and V. K. Tayal
CONTENTS

A Study on Effect of Operating Conditions on Gerotor Pump

Performance
37 116
Tarique Hussain, M Udaya Kumar, Nirajan Sarangi and
Sivaramakrishna M
Effect of non-linearly varying loads and position of stiffener on
43 buckling behaviour of stiffened composite panels 117
Subash Chandra K S, Rajanna T and K Venkata Rao
Determination of Exact Optimal Tuning of Dynamic Vibration
53 Absorbers to Control Vibration due to Rotating Mass Unbalance 118
Anant Sheth and Utkarsh Patel
Finite Element Analysis for Material Optimization of a Spur Gear by
54 Radial Holes 119
Sanjay Sutar, G. C. Mohan Kumar and Mrityunjay Doddamani
Inhibiting COVID-19 Transmission in India through Design of
Automated Contactless Face Mask Vending cum Disposal Machine
62 120
with Self- Sterilization unit
Aniruddha Ghosh, Dinesh Kumar R, Varthini R
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Through Natural Convection Inside
81 Square Cavity Using Various Nano Fluids 121
Hari Kishan Veeranki, Ajit Burra and Sreenivasulu Bondala
Investigation on mechanical behaviour of kenaf fabric/bio-
epoxy/egg shell powder reinforced composites for medical
86 122
applications
Nalla Mohamed and G.VR. Sakthivel
Effect of wall thickness variation on the energy absorption
87 efficiency of cylindrical tubes under axial loading 123
Nalla Mohamed
Parametric Study of Capacitive MEMS Accelerometer in COMSOL
Multiphysics
89 124
Saurabh Mishra, Varun P Sharma, Manoj Chouksey and Rahul
Shukla
Redesign of Automotive Brake Pedal using FEA Based Topology
Optimization
100 125
Manickam S, Esakkimuthu M, Nissan Prabhu N, Palani Raja G,
Michael Thomas Rex F and Prince Abraham B
Low-cost Portable Smart Ventilator
120 126
Sourabh Dogra, Lokendra Singh and Dr. Arpan Gupta
CONTENTS

Investigation on the effect of patternised holes on energy

130 absorption characteristics of aluminium square tubes 127
Nalla Mohamed and Sivaprasad R
Ansys Fluent Analysis of a Thermo Hydrodynamically Lubricated
131 Journal Bearing. 128
Vaithianathan Nadarajan and S Annamalai
Investigation on deflection characteristics of auxetic beam
structures using FEM
135 129
Hrishikesh Menon, Shammo Dutta, Hariprasad Mp and
Balakrishnan Shankar
Interdependence of eccentric force and torque on joint angle and
137 angular velocity during human multi joint leg extension 130
Rajesh Kumar Bhushan and Ashutosh Swain
Design and analysis of 3D printable prosthetic foot
138 Prakash T, Jayakumar N, Monish Kumar V, Karthick P, Mutharasu A 131
and Naveen Kumar A
Prediction of gear loss factor for high contact ratio spur gear drive
143 with optimised root stress 132
Ravivarman R and Prabhu Sekar R
Automatic Guided Food Serving Robot (AGFSR)
145 Pediredla Shankar, Rajamahanti Surya Kiran and Sabbavaraapu 133
Ramana Babu
Rotary Car Parking with Solar Roofing
150 134
Prerona Dey and Piyali Dey
Experimental investigation on adhesive bonded fold tubes under
152 quasi-static loading 135
Nalla Mohamed M and Sivaprasad R
Numerical crashworthiness investigation of Multi-section Tubes
153 136
Nalla Mohamed M and Sivaprasad R
Design of Table-Top Automated Plane Polariscope for Digital
Photoelastic Measurements
158 137
Gagan Keerthi M, Ananthesh D Shenoy, Devanarayanan B, Sharath
V S and Hariprasad Mp
Structural and Vibration Analysis of Barge Ship Hull
161 138
Dr.S.Ramana Babu and Baswani Harikrishna Raju
CONTENTS

Investigation of failure in L-shape Woven Carbon fiber Re-enforced

163 Polymer composite under pull-out and 4-point bending 139
Bipin Chaurasia, Deepak Kumar and Ashish Vasvani
Vibrations Characteristics Analysis of Rotor-Bearings System due to
Surface Defects Based on Response Surface Analysis in CNC
179 140
Machines
R. G. Desavale, Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Jagadeesha T
The Diagnostic Analysis of the Rolling Element Bearings for Machine
Tool applications using Dimension Theory and Response Surface
180 141
Methodology
R. G. Desavale, Jitendra Kumar Katiyar and Jagadeesha T
Topology Optimization of Bench problems – Stress and deformation
181 Perspective 142
Dara Ashok, M V A Raju Bahubalendruni, Johnney Mertens
Internal logistics optimization in the assembly line using lean
182 techniques 143
P. Jeyaraman, R. Jeeva, Niruban Projoth T, Rohith Renish R

Energy

Title of the Manuscript

Paper ID Page No.
Authors (Presenting Author)
Control Strategies for Transient Stability of Power Grid for Large
6 Sudden Change in Electrical Load 144
Subash Parida, Vijay Tayal and Sanjay Sinha
Improved Control Design for AGC of Two Area Thermal-Thermal
9 Power System using Hybrid Fuzzy-PID Control 145
Subash Parida, Vijay Tayal and Sanjay Sinha
Experimental investigation of a line focus solar collector using flat
11 and parabolic reflector 146
Gunjan Kumar and Hemant Gupta
Performance Analysis of Crossflow Turbine: A Case Study
14 Dr Priyabrata Adhikary, Nithin Bali, Jeffrin Immanuel A, Prashanth 147
N Prasad and Syed Zaid Huq
CONTENTS

Performance Analysis of VAWT: A Case Study

15 Dr Priyabrata Adhikary, Jeffrin Immanuel A, Nithin Bali, Syed Zaid 148
Huq and Prashanth N Prasad
PV Solar System Modelling and Design using PVSyst Software: A
Case Study
16 149
Dr Priyabrata Adhikary, Prashanth N Prasad, Syed Zaid Huq, Nithin
Bali and Jeffrin Immanuel A
Application of PV-SYST for Standalone Roof Top PV Solar Project: A
Case Study
17 150
Dr Priyabrata Adhikary, Syed Zaid Huq, Prashanth N Prasad, Jeffrin
Immanuel A and Nithin Bali
Design and Implementation of a 3 level Battery Management
System (BMS) for an Electric Vehicle
20 151
Bhumica Dutta, Sharestha Jaiswal, Vinay Phatarpekar, Vijay Kumar
Tayal and Hemendra Pal Singh
Effect of Flow Velocity on the Performance of the Savonius
22 Hydrokinetic Turbine 152
Vimal Patel and Kushal Shah
Review on pragmatic refrigerants deployed in Refrigeration and Air-
25 conditioning system 153
Shaik Abdulla and T.S Ravikumar
Optimization of nanofluid parameters for double pipe heat
26 exchanger 154
Dr. Manjunath K
CFD Analysis of a Mixed Convection Heat Transfer Inside Square
Cavity with Hybrid Nano Fluids
30 155
Chinta Rajeev Durga Sai, Sreenivasulu B, Sri Ajit Burra and Satish
Pujari
Selective depolymerization of waste biomass into bio-based
32 platform chemicals using sustainable carbon materials 156
Uplabdhi Tyagi and Dr. Neeru Anand
Multi-Dimensional Feasibility Study of Small Hydro Plant: A Case
Study
33 157
Dr Priyabrata Adhikary, Syed Azzaam Ahmed, Anees Ahmed H
F, Shamroz Ahmed and Susmita Adhikary
CONTENTS

Multi-Dimensional Feasibility Study of Wind Power Plant: A Case

Study
34 158
Dr Priyabrata Adhikary, Anees Ahmed H F, Syed Azzaam
Ahmed, Shamroz Ahmed and Susmita Adhikary
Multi-Dimensional Feasibility Study of PV Solar Plant: A Case Study
35 Dr Priyabrata Adhikary, Shamroz Ahmed, Syed Azzaam 159
Ahmed, Anees Ahmed H F and Susmita Adhikary
Sliding Mode Control in MPPT Photovoltaic System
44 160
Sivagama Sundari M S and Periyasamy D
Impact of Graphene Nanoparticles Addition to Jatropha Biodiesel
Blend on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel
45 Engine 161
D. Mallikarjuna Rao, Venkata Somi Reddy Janga, V. Dhana
Raju and Arifa Syed
Numerical Investigation on the Thermal characteristics of a single
Lithium-ion 18650 battery cell using different Phase change
73 162
Materials
Priya Chaudhary and Abhik Majumder
Power Quality Solution using Energy Storage Technology for PV
76 based Islanded Microgrids 163
Jayachandran M and Ravi G
Biogeography-based Centralized PID Controller for ALFC in Presence
of Wind Farms
79 164
Sri Lalitha Erinena, Sushma Amsv, Pavan Kumar Gorle and Chinta
Durga Prasad
Performance Analysis of HAWT: A Case Study
83 Ravi Kumar M, Dr M S Ganesha Prasad, Dr Priyabrata Adhikary and 165
Sonic Somanna P K
Performance Analysis of Food Dryer (Microwave Oven Type): A
Case Study
84 166
Ravi Kumar M, Dr. M S Ganesha Prasad, Dr Priyabrata Adhikary and
Vedeeswaran D
Working fluids for ejector refrigeration systems: A comprehensive
review
90 167
Manimaran Chinnasamy, Sathiamourtty Alagappan and Selvaraju
Appavoo
CONTENTS

Experimental Study on Heat and Mass Exchanger of a Dew Point

94 Indirect Evaporative Cooler 168
Deepak C, Dr. Rudra Naik and Prashanth H K
Effect of nozzle inclination angle on the performance of hybrid jet
101 impingement microchannel heat sink 169
Jyoti Pandey, Mohd. Zahid Ansari and Afzal Husain
System Performance Evaluation of Plant Auxiliaries under different
102 operating condition of a Nuclear Power plant 170
Suganya P and Swaminathan G
Numerical Investigation of Swirl Flow on Heat Transfer
Enhancement in A Stepped Pipe
103 171
Prince Abraham B, Michael Thomas Rex F, Samuel Ponraj P and
Jinshah B S
A Review on different Machine Learning Approaches for Fault
107 Detection and Classification for protection of Low Voltage Microgrid 172
Vishwas K Singh and Anoop H A
Rooftop PV Solar System Performance Analysis: A Case Study
108 Ravi Kumar M, Dr. M S Ganesha Prasad, Dr Priyabrata 173
Adhikary and Shanmuga Saravana
An Integrated approach using DEMATEL, ENTROPY and TOPSIS
MCDM Methods for a Green Supplier Selection problem
109 174
Dr.Seshaiah Turaka, Durga Rao A.V.A.R, Chaitanya A.K, Bridjesh P.
and Sivakrishna K.
Testing the Engine Performance with Cotton seed oil Biodiesel
110 175
Senthilkumar G, Lakshmi Sankar S and Purusothaman M
Prediction of Unburnt Carbon in Pulverized Coal Fired High-Capacity
Boilers Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural
114 176
Network
Arun M, N Anantharaman and Sathiya Prabhakaran S. P
A study on the combustion characteristics of dieseline blend in HCCI
engines
115 177
P.S. Srivathsan, Praveen Ramanujam Balakrishnan, K. Prasanth and
S. Soma Sundaram
Comparative analysis of Transformer less Bi-Directional DC-DC
Converter and Conventional Converter for Battery Charging-
117 178
Discharging Applications
Harikrishnan R and Radhika Swarnkar
CONTENTS

Effect of nanoparticles as fuel catalyst on the performance and

emission characteristics of the diesel engine powered with mango
118 179
seed biodiesel blend
Rami Reddy S, Dhanaraju V and Murali G
Comparative Enviro-Economic Analysis of transparent water
126 heating systems and conventional systems 180
Kirti Tewari and Rahul Dev
Harvesting electric energy from waste vibrations of an electric
146 motor using the piezoelectric principle 181
Nitin Yadav and Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Medical Non-Woven Fabrics
148 Wastes: Model-Fitting Method 182
Uthayakumar A and Anand Ramanathan
Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicle Battery Cooling
Modules
164 183
Gudapati Kartheek, Kalyanam Yadagiri, Subbarama Kousik
Suraparaju and Sendhil Kumar Natarajan
Novel Solar Desalination System Using Ultraviolet Disinfection and
Water Pasteurization
167 184
Shane Alex, Sreerag A, Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju
and Dr.Sendhil Kumar Natarajan
Exergy analysis of R1234yf and R1234ze as an alternative to R134a
172 in a domestic refrigeration system 185
Guna M, Soma Sundaram S and Palani P K
Refused derived fuel for cement manufacturing and green concrete
173 applications 186
Kamaldev M and Dr. Biju V.M
Role of time dependent decay heat on freezing of nuclear fuel
droplet during a severe accident in a sodium cooled fast reactor
177 187
M Chandra Kumar, A. Jasmin Sudha, D. Ponraju and
S. Athmalingam
Enhancement of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Cylindrical
Enclosure with Internal Heat Source
178 188
Sarthak Gautam, Mohd Juned khan, Areeb khan, Vivek Sharma,
Fahad, Anil Kumar Sharma
KEYNOTE LECTURE I
Prof. Joydeep Dutta
Department of Applied Physics
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Email: joydeep@kth.se

Brackish water desalination using membrane-free capacitive

deionization

Abstract

Safe and reliable provision of fresh water is very important for future decentralized
water systems to be implemented in a circular economy. It is estimated that two-thirds
of the global population experience severe water scarcity at least one month in a year.
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an upcoming desalination technology that is positioned
to provide cost-effective, low carbon footprint water treatment. It is an electrochemical
technology for removing charged species like ions of salt from water working on
“capacitive ion storage” phenomenon, where in response to energy applied as voltage
or current across CDI electrodes, ions of salt are accumulated and stored capacitively as
electrical double layers at the surfaces of CDI electrodes (similar to a capacitor or
battery). The desalination capacity, power consumption and device scalability can be
optimized by modulating the water flow characteristics between the electrodes,
properties of the electrode material and CDI cell and control circuit design amon gst
others. CDI is energy efficient and cost-effective device especially for brackish water
desalination with minimum wastage of water during regeneration cycles unlike other
more popular technologies like reverse osmosis. Having small footprints and no mo ving
parts in the devices, remote use of CDI with solar powered alternatives is a reality.

Our group has been working on membrane-free capacitive deionization for two decades
and we will present developments made during the last two years including a newly
developed model to predict adsorption/desorption characteristics and insights into our
unique flexible carbon-based membrane-free spiral electrode design to effectively
improve deionization efficiencies and reduce fouling. Some results on the scaled
prototypes that have been running to desalinate brackish water from the Baltic sea will
also be presented and discussed.
KEYNOTE LECTURE II
Prof. K. S. Reddy
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
Email: ksreddy@iitm.ac.in

Integrated Renewable Energy Systems with Energy Storage for Reliable

Standalone Rural Applications

Abstract

Renewable energy based decentralized energy system is a viable approach to meet the
basic energy needs of both rural and urban regions. The concept of hybrid renewable
energy technologies has been discussed and developed in a large scale for both urban
and rural electrification. The principle cause for choosing hybrid technologies is to
overcome the inconsistency of power generation in conventional means. The smart
integration of different renewable technologies not only balances the annual energy
output but also can complement each other to avoid energy storage requirement and
improve the overall efficiency of the system. In the recent years, plenty of research on
integrating solar and biomass energy system are under the spot light as it helps in self-
sufficient and sustainable rural electrification and also boosts the native community to
utilize the bio-waste comprehensively. High temperature heat production for electricity
generation often requires direct absorption of solar energy. Solar thermal electric power
systems promise to be most cost-effective renewable energy systems to displace fossil
fuels. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technology is among the front-runners in main
stream technologies developed so far. The CSP plants are turning out to be one of the
most entrusted technologies for transforming solar energy into electricity on a large
scale. The solar parabolic dish with receiver configuration is often referred as most
efficient system. A numerical investigation is performed to study the heat lo sses from
three types of receivers for a fuzzy focal solar dish concentrator, namely cavity receiver,
semi-cavity receiver and modified cavity receiver. The heat losses from the receivers are
estimated for various orientations and temperatures. The influence of receiver area ratio
on the convective heat loss is investigated for the modified cavity receiver, and an
optimum receiver area ratio of 8 is found for minimum heat losses. The modified cavity
receiver is the preferred receiver for a fuzzy focal solar dish collector system. The
efficiency of the system was obtained in order of 70-80%. To address the intermittency
in solar energy system due to unforeseen weather conditions and to improve
dispachability, the requirement of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system is becoming
increasingly inevitable. It has been an undisputed fact that a substantial cost reduction in
concentrated solar thermal power plants can be achieved by incorporating TES system,
which facilitates heat for extended duration and henceforth multiplying the operational
capacity of the power plant and at the same time augmenting the ability of power
dispatch. The present work is intended to investigate the TES thermocline system for CSP
plnats with different HTFs namely therminol oil, Solar Salt and HITEC. Various HTFs are
studied by taking discharge effectiveness as a pivotal parameter to analyze the influence
of bed porosity, HTF, design and operating parameters. As high temperature operation
improves the CSP cycle efficiency, a detailed plant-level analysis with extended and
seasonal thermal energy storage may give extent of reliability improvement and cost -
effectiveness.
KEYNOTE LECTURE III
Mr. C. Jebasihamony
Deputy Director, IPRC
Indian Space Research Organisation, India

LOW COST AND SAFE ACCESS TO SPACE

Abstract

Propulsion systems development constitutes the core technology element in all

Aerospace Vehicle programme. While aircraft jet engines have undergone rapid growth
and refinement, driven by the demands of ever growing military and commercial air
transportation activities, development in the rocket propulsion systems which are
currently the only viable means of accessing space, has by and large been a slow
evolutionary process.

Chemical rocket propulsion enjoyed spectacular growth in the first two decades
of space age, marked by competitive development and deployment of mighty solid
boosters as well as powerful liquid engines. With the end of super power rivalry and the
space race, the focus and priorities shifted from adventurous space exploration to
development of application satellites for commercial exploitation. The launch services
market pressure and entry of new players with space-fairing capability brought in the
economy factor and the demand for low-cost access to space to sustain the services.

The propulsion systems being the most expensive element in a launch vehicle, the
emphasis changed from quest for “higher and higher performance at any cost” to search
for low cost, robust and reliable propulsion system.
KEYNOTE LECTURE IV
Prof. Rajiv Prakash
School of Material Science and Technology
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), India
Email: rprakash.mst@iitbhu.ac.in

Architecture and design of polymer nanocomposites for electronic and

sensor devices
Abstract

The architecture of polymers containing functionalized building blocks and

nanomaterials have emerged appealing attention because of their excellent response
towards various technological applications. However, the synthesis of such materials
with reproducible properties is always a challenge for the researchers. The ordering and
alignments of polymers chains or the uniform distribution of nano-fillers, homogeneous
composite formation and the morphology control are some of the crucial requirements
for electronic applications and enhancement of device performance. We have recently
developed facile interfacial technique for the controlled morphology and ordering of the
polymer chains. For the first time interfacial technique is used for the formation of
uniform polymer nanocomposites and demonstrated for organic electronics and sensing
applications.
KEYNOTE LECTURE V
Prof. D.K. Pratihar
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Email: dkpra@mech.iitkgp.ac.in

Intelligent Robots
Abstract

An intelligent robot can take the decision, as the situation demands. To carry out this
task, it will have to collect information of the environment using camera (through image
analysis) and/or sensors; plan the course of actions adaptively; control the motors in an
adaptive way; generate an adaptive gait (in case of a humanoid robot). In all these areas,
computational intelligence (that is, artificial intelligence using soft computing) can be
used to yield the adaptive solutions, which will be discussed, in detail. Some research
issues will also be discussed in this invited talk.
KEYNOTE LECTURE VI
Prof. Tapas Mallick
Environment and Sustainability Institute
University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, UK
Email: t.k.mallick@exeter.ac.uk

Challenges and Opportunities in Building integrated concentrated

photovoltaics
Abstract

The quest for economically viable photovoltaic conversion technologies has accelerated
with the imperative to become far less reliant on fossil fuels. An innovative way to reduce
its cost is through the utilisation of photovoltaic system in to the built environment called
“Building Integrated Concentrated Photovoltaics (BICPV)”. This lecture outlined the
diverse range and scale of potential implementation of BIPV and concentrating
photovoltaic system as building fabric element. Key technical challenges and advances
in such research is discussed. An overview of promising current research directions that
should lead to economically viable BIPV technology and the novel low concentrating PV
suitable for BIPV system is also discussed.
 ABSTRACTS
“Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently.”
– Henry Ford
Paper ID: 7
Smart materials for 4D printing: a review on
Developments, Challenges and Applications
Reddy Sreenivasulu
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
R.V.R&J.C.College of Engineering (Autonomous),
Chowdavaram, Guntur -522019, Andhra Pradesh, India
Corresponding Author E-Mail: rslu1431@gmail.com M
Abstract
A
Latest advances in additive manufacturing methods (AMM) generally N
called as three-dimensional (3D) printing has been permitted to U
design and generate complicated profiles which are not possible with
traditional methods. A branch of new fabrication technique originated F
A
from3D printing known as four-dimensional (4D) printing with smart
materials that can react to outer stimuli. Also, Day to day
advancements in fashion in the life style of public, industries are not C
capable to satisfy their requirements with conventional
manufacturing techniques with conventional materials because of T
increased cost to alter the design, manufacture and process layout
for each fashion style. It is impossible to satisfy with conventional
U
materials as well as processing methods so more competition existed R
in the present industrial sectors according to market demands as per
customer requirements. Advancements in additive manufacturing I
techniques covered this gap by day-to-day developments in
materials and their methods, provide variety of designs and fabricate
N
them with a short time by sustaining less investment. In this review G
article, discussed about recent developments of smart materials,
innovations in 4D printing and challenges which are faced in the
research and development (R&D) divisions, also described about
variety of application areas almost in all fields. This paper provides
the basic information to the young researchers who are interested in
this area.
Keywords: Rapid prototyping, 4D printing, self-healing smart
materials, Thermo responsive materials, Photo/Electro/Magneto
Responsive Materials

47
 Paper ID: 10
Examining the build properties of PolyJet printed multi-
material parts in additive manufacturing
Arivazhagan Pugalendhi1* and Rajesh Ranganatahan2
1, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,

Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India – 641014

M
Corresponding Author E-Mail: arivazhagan.mech02@gmail.com

A Abstract

N PolyJet technology is one of the advanced additive manufacturing

technologies booming quickly and it can fabricate the parts with multi-
U material and multi-color. In the present study, the build properties of
multi-material parts produced with PolyJet technology is discussed.
F Effects of build properties were examined by three process
A parameters namely finish type, material combination and design of
the samples. Digital materials of VeroWhite-TangoPlus, VeroClear-
C VeroWhite and VeroClear-TangoPlus are chosen for printing the
dice, stacking-1 and stacking-2 samples on both the matte and
T glossy finish. Taguchi’s L18 (21, 32) orthogonal array is selected for
U experimental design to conduct the trails with minimum number of
repeats. Importance of each parameter has been examined by
R analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Findings indicate that glossy
finished stacking-2 sample printed by VeroWhite-TangoPlus
I provides the optimum build properties. Material combination is the
N most dominant factor, followed by finish type and geometric design.
Furthermore, printing time and consumption of support material is
G higher in VeroClear material when compared to other materials. The
result of this study is an understanding of which process parameters
and geometric design affect the build properties. This study provides
a distinctive method for selecting the optimum process parameters
and stimulates the research towards the material properties and
digital manufacturing.
Keywords: Additive manufacturing; PolyJet technology; Process
parameters; Taguchi method; Digital material.

48
Paper ID: 13
Design of Workplace in Assembly Unit Using
Ergonomic Principles
Manivel Muralidaran. V1*, Balaji. M2, Arun.V 3,
*1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641049, India

* Corresponding Author E-Mail: manivelmuralidaran.v.mec@kct.ac.in
*Corresponding Author Orcid id: 0000-0001-7215-2490
M
2Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641049, India

A
balaji.m.mec@kct.ac.in
3PG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
N
Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641049, India
arunvenkat5060@gmail.com
U
F
Abstract
Now-a-days most modern companies focus on achieving high
A
productivity through their normal routine work. Necessity to provide C
huge quantity of products within a short period of time make the
workers to redeem more of their more effort. This situation demands T
the workers to acclimate to improperly designed workstation and the U
workers feel that they suffer from high levels of fatigue and
musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic principles play an important R
role in workers’ productivity and thus it becomes essential to consider
these ergonomic principles while the industrial workstations are I
designed. The objective of this investigation is to improve workers N
efficiency with the reduction of cycle time thereby achieving high
productivity. The study was conducted on assembly and collection G
workstation of fasteners involved in actuators assembly and
manufacturing. Ergonomic study of these workstations was done by
measuring the reach zone between the worker and working area,
workbench height and time study during collection of fasteners.
Findings from the study reveal that fixed existing workstation at the
company was not designed by considering ergonomic principles.
Moreover, collection of fasteners is about 75 seconds and it is
reduced to 50 seconds by modifying the workstation.
Keywords: Ergonomics, Fatigue, Workstation design, Time,
Productivity

49
 Paper ID: 19
Experimental Investigation on Electrochemical
Discharge Machining of Zirconia
Vijay Manoharan1, Dr.Sekar Tamilperuvalathan2, Dr.Elango Natarajan3,
Prasanth Ponnusamy4
1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering,

M
Government College of Technology,
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

A 3Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering,

UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

N 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Tagore Institute of Engineering and Technology,

U Attur, Salem, Tamilnadu, India.

* Corresponding Author E-Mail: vijaymanoharan91@gmail.com

F Abstract

A In the present industrial development, an essential usage of hard

materials such as ceramics immensely increased. Zirconia (ZrO2) is
C one amongst to produce medical and dental instruments, atomic

T reactors due to its high strength and corrosion resistance. However,

the machining of the zirconia is challenging without any thermal
U reactions. This research work focuses on machining the zirconia
using one of the unconventional machining processes of Electro
R Chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) with NaOH as electrolyte
I and stainless steel as a tool material. In this work, NaOH was used
as an electrolyte at various levels such as 15%,20% and,25%
N concentration with distilled water. The other parameters such as
voltage 80v, 90v, and 100v and duty cycle 30%,40%and 50% are
G used to machining the material. Response surface methodology is
used to determine the optimum parameters to conduct the Design of
experiments in Box-Behnken design.
Keywords: Zirconia, Electro Chemical Discharge Machining, Box-
Behnken Design, Material Removal Rate

50
Paper ID: 27
Risk Management for e-Commerce Supply Chain
Network Using Robust Optimization Approach: A Case
Study
Shubhender Singh1, Pradeep Kumar 2, * Manish Bhandari3, Gunjan Soni4
1 Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Govt. Of India -110066, India.

2,3MBM Engg. College, J.N.V University, Jodhpur-342003, India.

4Department of Mechanical Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur-302017, India

M
* Corresponding Author E-Mail: pkmech1992@gmail.com A
Abstract N
Supply chain (SC) encompasses all events involved in the U
transformation of goods from the raw material stage to the final stage
i.e., when the goods and services reach the end client. A supply chain F
comprises of flow of materials, information, funds, and services from
suppliers, factories, distribution center to the end clients. Decisions
A
regarding facility locations, supply chain planning and logistics C
should be made cautiously in order to establish robust supply chain.
This work is an effort to provide the firms with the models so as to T
help the managers to take strategic level decisions under uncertainty. U
A close loop supply chain (CLSC) network design that consists of
forward and reverse flow is carried out. The robust optimization (RO) R
based modeling with both direct shipping of the products and
shipping through distribution center under demand uncertainty is
I
proposed and analyzed. The results are presented for supply chain N
planning strategies for an e-supply chain of case company (furniture
manufacturing firm). The objective function value for robust model G
increases for increase in uncertainty level. This increase in the
objective function value for robust model is because of meeting the
customers demand in worst case for the case company it was
observed that for uncertain parameters (demand = 0.8), opening of
total 9 MF and 4 DC can accommodate the worst case of network
design. The computational results indicate that robust model is better
than the deterministic one for uncertain parameters.

Keywords: Robust, Supply, Optimization, Risk, Logistics,

uncertainty.

51
 Paper ID: 29
CALCULATION OF FILLING CHARACTERISTIC OF CAST
Al - Si ALLOY
Santhi Samavedam1, Jyothi U S2, Srinivasa Vadayar K3
1Assistant Professor, MGIT, Hyderabad India

2Professor, GRIET, Hyderabad India

M
3 HoD & Associate Professor, JNTUCEH, Hyderabad, India

* Corresponding Author E-Mail: santhi_samave@yahoo.com

A Abstract
N Filling characteristic of cast Al-Si alloys is predicted with the aid of
U pin test piece with cylindrical cores using casting simulation
techniques. Solid model required for the simulation studies is
F developed using Computer Aided Design (CAD) application
software. The key variable influencing filling characteristic is mold
A sand fineness, pouring temperature and pressure head. Virtual
C casting software which is based on Finite Differential Method (FDM)
is used for the casting simulation. Casting simulation results are
T conforming to experimental validation studies. The parameters

U providing optimum filling ability increase in pressure head, sand

fineness number 40 and pouring temperature T+200C.
R Keywords: Cast Al-Si alloy, Casting Simulation, Pressure head,
I pouring temperature, Validation studies.

N
G

52
Paper ID: 38
Evaluation of Mechanical and Tribological behaviour
of Novel Agro waste ash reinforced Aluminium metal
Matrix hybrid composites
M.Palanivendhan1 and J.Chandradass2*
1Centre for automotive materials, Department of Automobile Engineering,

2SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

M
*Corresponding author Email ID: chandraj@srmist.edu.in
A
Abstract
N
Aluminium metal matrix composite (MMC) due to their superior wear
resistance, high stiffness and strength, low density, higher fatigue U
resistance, controlled co-efficient of thermal expansion and better
stability at elevated temperature. Therefore, they are used for a wide
F
range of applications not only in aerospace and automobile industries A
but also in marine, sports, electronic, and automation industries.
Recent research investigations have revealed that agro/industrial C
waste materials can be successfully used as a reinforcement in
Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites. In the present investigation
T
lemon grass ash reinforced with aluminium alloy, coconut shell ash U
reinforced with aluminium alloy and lemon grass ash + coconut shell
ash reinforced hybrid aluminium composites were prepared by stir R
casting route. The prepared composite was subjected to micro I
tensile test, wear test, hardness test and corrosion test. The
lemongrass ash reinforced composites exhibit higher hardness and N
wear resistance presumably due to resistance in motion of
dislocations, whereas coconut shell ash reinforced composites G
exhibit a decrease in hardness and tensile strength attributable to the
lubrication effect offered by coconut shell particles In hybrid
reinforced composites, wear reduction was observed at a maximum
increase of 54 percent.
Keywords: Aluminum hybrid composites, Coconut shell ash, Lemon
grass ash, Mechanical, Wear

53
 Paper ID: 39
Influence of Ceramic Coatings on the Tribological
Characteristics of Stainless-Steel Piston Rings

Jennifer Philip1, Dhulipalla Srikar Hari Vishnu2

1Department of Automobile Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology,

2SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram – 603203, Tamil Nadu,

M India
*Corresponding author Email ID: philipjenifer@gmail.com
A
N Abstract
Coating is an essential method to improve surface properties such
U as corrosion resistance, lubrication of material used. The simulated
F laboratory tests are considered as a more feasible alternative to
experimental or real-time testing. An experimental study was
A conducted under controlled parameters of normal load, surface

C coating and temperature to understand the changes in the

tribological characteristics with and without functionally graded
T cermet coatings and understand their influence on stainless-steel
piston rings. Altogether simulations for 6 cycles were taken into
U consideration for each of the test cases namely – with and without

R coating. The obtained data from the microstructure imaging in optical

microscope following the investigation conducted employing
I tribometer showed that the resistance of the coated rings was
comparatively more than the uncoated rings, hence proving the
N coating to be beneficial for real-time use.
G Keywords: Corrosion Resistance; Frictional Force; Microstructure
Analysis; Pin-on-disc test; Plasma Spray Coating; Wear resistance.

54
Paper ID: 40
Review on Materials and Method used to Develop
Antimicrobial Coatings in Medical and Food
Processing Industry
Vinod Babu Chintada1*, Sasidhar Gurugubelli2 and Sudhakar Uppada3
1,2,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMRIT, Rajam-532127, A.P., India.

*Corresponding author Email ID: vinodbabu.chintada@gmail.com M

Abstract A
Many diseases spread due to bacterial and viral infection, which N
cause noteworthy financial and personal losses. Recent years viral
infections like SARS, NIFA and COVID-19 are the leading cause of U
many deaths. Currently, we are facing a ―pandemic‖ crisis that F
spreads around the world due direct transmission from one person
to other and indirect transmission by touching with infected surfaces. A
C
Epidemiological studies confirms that hand contact with
contaminated surfaces is the most common rout for the transmission
of infection. Pathogenic virus can survive on surfaces for many hours T
and days. Therefore, it is desired to provide antimicrobial surface to
prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. Development of U
antimicrobial coatings can help to provide anti-pathogenic surface.
Aim of the present study focus on various material and techniques
R
used to enhances the antimicrobial properties of the sur-face used in I
various fields like health care and food procession industry.
N
Keywords: Antimicrobial surface, Food safety, Health care,
Bacteria, Virus, Copper and Silver films. G

55
 Paper ID: 41
Effect of drilling operation parameters on surface
roughness and thrust force of Aluminium reinforced
with 10% Al2O3 functionally graded metal matrix
composite

M S. Prathap Singh1*, T. Prabhuram2, D. Elilraja3, J. Immanuel Durairaj4

1,2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology,

A Chennai, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: prathap.singh50@gmail.com

N Abstract
U The objective of this work is to manufacture SiC particles reinforced
F aluminium functionally graded metal matrix composite (Al-FGMMC)
and optimize the drilling operation parameters using TOPSIS
A technique. The A356 10% Al2O3p reinforced functionally graded

C composite was fabricated by stir casting approach continued by the

horizontal centrifugal casting approach. The microstructural
T evaluation indicated the presence of maximum reinforcement
concentration on the outer edge. The main effect of operation
U parameters such as speed, feed, point angle and zone distance from
R the outer edge on the surface roughness and thrust force were
studied. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution
I (TOPSIS) methodology was applied to identify the optimum
operation parameters to achieve minimum surface roughness and
N thrust force. The optimized drilling operation parameters achieved as
G 2000 rpm of speed, 0.15 mm/rev of feed, 1400 of point angle and 15
mm of zone distance from outer edge. The found optimal operation
parameter was validated through confirmation experiment and
significant improvement was observed in performance
characteristics.
Keywords: Functionally Graded Metal Matrix Composite, Drilling
Operation, Speed, Feed, Point angle, Zone distance from outer edge,
Optimization, TOPSIS.

56
Paper ID: 42
Effect of laser scan speed on microstructure and
microhardness on Titanium clad Magnesium
Kannan GanesaBalamurugan 1* and Muthukannan Duraiselvam2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IFET College of Engineering, Tamil

Nadu, India

M
2 Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology

Tiruchirappalli,
Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding author Email ID: gbmpondy@gmail.com A
Abstract
N
In this present work, Ti6Al4V titanium alloy was clad on pure U
magnesium by laser cladding and the effect of laser scan speed on F
coating morphology, microstructure and microhardness were
investigated. The results revealed that the increasing scan speed A
above 300 mm/min has resulted in inadequate coating deposition.
The Fe2O3Ti secondary phase particle had precipitated at the grain
C
boundaries of the clad material and MgO phase was formed at the T
interface. The Al12Mg17 phases were present in both clad and heat
affected substrate material. The influence of laser scan speed on U
grain size and their orientation was limited. However, the scan speed
influences the intensities of precipitated intermetallic particles. Higher
R
microhardness was observed in the sample processed at 300 I
mm/min scan due to the presence of higher intensities of intermetallic
particles in its clad zones. N
G
Keywords: Laser cladding, Ti6Al4V alloy, Pure magnesium, Laser
scan speed, Microstructure

57
 Paper ID: 46
Detonation Gun Spray Coatings on Martensitic
Stainless Steels
J.Jhansi 1*, S. Santhi2, P.V.S. Lakshmi Narayana3, Bhomik Ketari Deogade4
1, 2, 3, 4 Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India

M *Corresponding author Email ID: ajhansijadav@gmail.com

A Abstract

N Power station boiler valves and similar parts of coal fired plants are
subjected to degradation by erosion and wear. The presence of wear
U and erosive environments recommends the need of thermal spray
coatings on component parts, to increase the life. In the present study
F Detonation Gun Spray process (DG) is used for coating 86WC-10Co-
A 4Cr and 75Cr3C2-25NiCr on Martensitic Stainless Steel (0.07C-
0.79Si-0.67Mn-13.95Cr-3.79Ni-0.42Mo-80.11Fe) substrate. Porosity
C and hardness tests were used for the characterization of coatings. In
the literature, ductile metals and alloys have exhibited highest
T erosion rate at an incident angle of (15° to 30°), and brittle materials
U like ceramics and carbides have shown maximum erosion rate near
90°. Hence erosion test was carried out at an impact angle of 90° by
R means of silica as an erodent material at a velocity of 60m/s, with the

I help of an air-jet sand erosion tester. Based on cumulative weight

loss it is observed that 75Cr3C2-25NiCr coating on Martensitic
N Stainless Steel has shown better wear resistant than the 86WC-
10Co-4Cr coating.
G
Keywords: Solid Particle Erosion, Wear Resistant Coatings,
Martensitic Stainless Steel, Deto-nation Gun Spray Process.

58
Paper ID: 47
Joining of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA2024 and
AA7075 by friction stir welding: A review
Ajay Kaushal1*, Sachindra Shankar2, Somnath Chattopadhyaya3
1, 2, 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, Jharkhand,
India
*Corresponding author Email ID: aj.kaushal1406@gmail.com
M
Abstract.
A
Dissimilar aluminum alloys are being heavily used in the various field
of engineering due to its light weight and superior properties.
N
Compared to other fusion welding processes, friction stir welding is U
one of the solid-state joining processes which joins the materials
below their melting temperature. The welded sheet of AA2024 and F
AA7075 finds application in the aerospace industries and automobile
sector. This paper discusses the modern process of FSW for joining
A
of AA2024 and AA7075 dissimilar aluminum alloys. C
Keywords: Friction stir welding process, Dissimilar aluminum alloys T
welding, High strength alloys.
U
R
I
N
G

59
 Paper ID: 48
Observational Exposition of Metal Matrix Composite
Aluminum-6069(Al) Fraction Variance Strengthened
with Molybdenum (Mo) and Coconut Shell Ash (CSA)
Fathimunnisa Begum1, Sasidhar Gurugubelli2*, Dr.N.Ravi Kumar3
1 Department of Mechanical, BABA Institute of Technology, Visakhapatnam, India

M
2 Department of Mechanical, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, India

3 Department of Mechanical, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India

A
*Corresponding author Email ID: sasidhargurugubelli@gmail.com

N Abstract

U Aluminum build matrix composites remnant the most studied metal

matrix material for the production of metal matrix composites. The
F latest work comes up with the manufacture of molybdenum and
coconut shell reinforced aluminium-6069 alloy metal matrix
A composites (MMCs). The specimens were made using the stir

C casting process, with six distinct weight chunks of aluminium 6069,

molybdenum powder and coconut shell ash taken into account. The
T first three samples were prepared in such a way that the weight
fraction of aluminium 6069 and coconut shell ash alter by 2 percent
U furthermore the weight fraction of molybdenum powder is 1 percent
R constant. Coconut shell kept constant by 1 percent, molybdenum
powder as well as aluminium 6069 differ by 2 percent, the next three
I specimens were prepared in the same way. The prime aim of the
paper is to research the properties of molybdenum and coconut shell
N ash composites reinforced aluminium-6069 alloy produced in reach
G stir casting facility and the compression test was carried out using
machinery such as the universal testing machine. Hardness has also
been looked at.
Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites, Aluminium-6069, Molybdenum
powder, Coconut Shell Ash, Stir Casting, Mechanical Properties.

60
Paper ID: 49
Recent advances in machining of composites and
superalloys by using wire-EDM. A Review
Tariq Ahmad 1*, and Noor Zaman Khan2, Babar Ahmad3, Annayath Maqbool4
1 Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of

Technology, Srinagar, J&K, INDIA

M
2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology,

Srinagar, J&K,
INDIA
*Corresponding author Email ID: tariq_31phd19@nitsri.net
A
Abstract
N
Composite materials and super alloys find wide range of applications
U
in aerospace, ship building and automotive industries. Both F
composite and super alloys show improved mechanical properties at
elevated temperature and pressure. The machining of composites A
and super alloys is a challenging field because of their poor
machining performance. The machining of both composites and
C
super alloys is difficult by using conventional machining. The issues T
regarding machinability of composites and super alloys have been
vanquished by using nontraditional methods and mostly used non- U
conventional machining technique is wire electric discharge R
machining (WEDM). This paper reviews the recent advances in
machining of composites and super alloys by using Wire-EDM. This I
study finds that there are various important WEDM parameters viz.
pulse on time (POT), pulse off time (PFT), servo voltage, wire
N
diameter, peak current, spark gap voltage and dielectric conditions G
which need to be optimized to obtain maximum value of material
removal rate (MRR) and minimum value of surface roughness (Ra),
kerf width and electrode wear rate during machining of composites
and super alloys.

Keywords: Composites, Super alloys, Wire-EDM, Machining,

Process parameters.

61
 Paper ID: 55
Effect of buffer layer on crack susceptibility,
mechanical and microstructural properties of Ni hard
coatings
Nikhil Thawari1, Nikhila, Aayush Chandak2, T. V. K. Guptaa3
M 1Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur,

440010, India
A 2,3 Shreenath Engineering Industries, MIDC-Higna, Nagpur, 440016, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: nikhilthawari@gmail.com

N
Abstract
U
Laser cladding is one of the hard coating techniques used for
F repairing worn-out or/and rebuilding damaged components. In the

A present study, N480 and N9062 alloys were cladded on SS410

substrate with Inconel 625 as buffer layer. Investigations are carried
C to understand the effect of buffer layer on crack formation,
microstructural and mechanical properties of the hard facing
T materials. The microstructure of the cladding is studied using
U Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy.
The coating microhardness measured along the depth was found out
R to be increased by 5-7 % due to reduced dilution and diffusion of
substrate elements into the hard coating. The buffer layer addition
I acts like a heat sink, in turn playing a key role in attaining fine
N microstructure, also reducing the thermal gradient between hard
layer and substrate ensuring more uniform cooling.
G Keywords: Laser cladding; Buffer layer; Thermal gradient;
Microhardness; Microstructure.

62
Paper ID: 56
Experimental Investigation on Properties of Acetic Acid
Treated Banana Fiber Polymer Composites
J. Ronald Aseer1*, S. Renold Elsen2 and K. Sankaranarayanasamy1
1Dept. of Mechanical Engg, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal,

Puducherry, India
2School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India M
*Corresponding author Email ID: ronaldaseer1981@gmail.com
A
Abstract N
Natural fibers are abundantly available in nature. The utilization of
natural resources is highly useful as compared to the synthetic fibers.
U
The increase of awareness towards the environmental protection F
leads the researchers focused towards the naturally available
resources such as natural fiber especially from plant. So, there is a A
need for making composite panel with light weight and lower cost. In
this study, acetic acid treated banana fiber reinforced epoxy
C
composites are manufactured by using press. The banana fiber is T
pretreated with NAOH and sodium hypochlorite (50:50) followed by
acetic acid. The mechanical properties of the composites are U
analyzed by universal testing machine. The results indicated that R
mechanical properties are higher at 40 % of volume fraction. The
optimized composite material is used in various commercial and I
house hold appliances.
N
Keyword: Natural fiber, Composites, Volume Fraction, Acetic Acid
Treated, Banana Fiber G

63
 Paper ID: 58
Laser Beam Welding of Advanced High Strength Steels
(Dual Phase Steels)
P V S Lakshminarayana*1, Jai Prakash Gautam2, P. Mastanaiah3, G. Madhusudan
Reddy4,
K Bhanu Sankara Rao5
M 1Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad,

2 SEST, University of Hyderabad,

A 3DRDL, Hyderabad,

4Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad,

N 5Pratt & Whitney Chair Professor, SEST, UOH, Hyderabad

*Corresponding author Email ID: laxmanpv1@gmail.com

U
Abstract
F
In the present days, Dual Phase steels are most widely used steel in
A automobile as structural materials. Microstructural features of these
C steels induced special properties. Welding is an inevitable in
automobile manufacturing. Nd:YAG fiber laser welding was used to
T produce Beads on plate on Dual Phase steel of 780 grade. Welding
Beads were produced by varying the Heat Input from 17 to 24 J/mm2
U Complete Depth of Penetration of weld beads was observed at all
R Heat Inputs. An increase in the width of Fusion Zone and Heat
Affected Zone was observed with increasing the Heat Input. Due to
I the rapid cooling associated in Laser Beam welding, Fusion zone

N was transformed by Liquid to solid transformations. Heat Affected

Zone was formed by solid -solid phase transformation and the
G proportion of Martensite was decreased with increasing the distance
from Fusion Boundary. The microhardness of the Fusion zone was
370 ± 10 HV0.5 and that of the base materials was 270 ± 19 HV0.5.
The increase of hardness was mainly attributed to the formation of
Lath Martensite in the Fusion Zone.
Keywords: Laser Welding, Dual Phase Steels, Heat Input, Lath
Martensite.

64
Paper ID: 61
Plasma cladding of copper on cylindrical SS 316L
surface
Aditya C1, Gagan C1, Poojith Raj R1, Balaji V1, Srinivasachari V1 and Suyog
Jhavar1*
1 Atria Institute of Technology, Anand Nagar, HA Farm, Bangalore 560024, India

M
suyogjhavar@gmail.com

Abstract
A
Plasma cladding is one of the methods which is widely applied in sur-
face modification, reconstruction, and repair. Plasma arc welding N
produces high-quality weld deposit without spatter and minimal U
porosity, and it is a desirable process for cladding. Copper coating
on stainless steel are in demand for the ap-plications like fusion F
A
reactors and nuclear storage bins where fast dissipation of heat is
required. In this study, copper deposition was made on a stainless
steel 316L cylindrical surface by utilizing the full advantage of C
plasma. The relation between optimum parameters and geometrical
characteristics were analyzed. This prefatory study establishes the T
feasibility and influence of processing pa-rameters for pure copper
cladding deposition on a cylindrical stainless steel 316L, using
U
plasma arc welding. The results show successful deposition of thick R
clad-ding of copper over stainless steel 316L. The geometrical and
structural integrity of plasma cladded copper was presented with I
mean micro-hardness of the SS316L part was 198 HV, while the
mean micro-hardness of the copper part cladding was 106 HV.
N
Keywords: Pipe Cladding, Plasma Welding, Process Parameters,
G
Microstructure, Surface Coating.

65
 Paper ID: 63
Effect of curvilinear weld profile shapes on weld line
movement in the stamping of tailor welded blanks
V.V.N. Satya Suresh1, Suresh Arjula2* and S.P. Regalla3
1Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad, India.

2 JNTUH college of Engineering, Jagtial, Telangana, India

3BITS-Pilani Hyderabad campus, Hyderabad, India

M *Corresponding author Email ID: arjulasursh@jntuh.ac.in

A Abstract

N Automobile manufacturers using tailor welded blank (TWB)

technology carryout forming operations for curved shape
U components by orienting multiple welds. This process results in the
F formation of inflection point at the welded joints, leading to fracture
during forming. The study of the effect of curvilinear weld profile on
A formability aspects with regard to stamping/deep drawing operations

C
is limited. Curvilinear welds decrease the number of weld
requirements, scrap material, and avoid imperfections whenever two
T welds intersect.

U In this work, the effect of different shapes of weld profiles viz.

Circular, elliptical and spline shapes on the weld line movement
R (WLM) were studied. WLM is one of the primary concerns in the
manufacture of tailor welded blanks because it affects component
I assembly and also leads to wrinkling and tearing during forming.
N Simulation results showed that the spline curve weld profile has a
considerable effect in reducing WLM with improved formability
G compared to straight welds.
Keywords: Stamping, Tailor welded blanks, Weld line movement,
curvilinear weld

66
Paper ID: 64
The effect of HSS and carbide tools on the mechanism
of chip formation during turning of medium carbon
steel (AISI1030)
Sumit Mahajan1 and Kalyan Chakraborty2*
1M Tech Student, M. E. Department, NIT Silchar- 788010, Assam,India

M
2Associate Professor, M. E. Department, NIT Silchar -788010, Assam,India

*Corresponding author Email ID: kalyan.ch2013@gmail.com

Abstract A
The objective of the present study is to know the effect of cutting tool N
type on the mechanism of chip formation during the turning of
medium carbon (0.26%C, 0.96%Mn) steel of hardness 168BHN.
U
High speed steel tool (HSS) and Carbide tools were used for the F
machining work on the lathe. Mode of chip formation occurred in an
unfavourable manner while machining with HSS tools at low and A
medium speeds. However, higher speed machining caused some C
improvement in the mode of chip formation process during machining
with HSS tool. Machining with a carbide tool resulted significant T
improvement in the chip formation process at high speeds.
Machining with a carbide tool showed better mode of chip formation
U
at all speeds with reference to the mode of chip formation with HSS R
tool at different speeds. Chip formation mode is strongly affected
during machining with HSS tool mainly at lower cutting speeds due I
to tool wear by chipping/fracturing at the cutting edge. Better
understanding on to the mechanism of chip formation ensures proper
N
selection of tool, work material and parametric conditions. G
Keywords: Speed, Depth of cut, Mode of chip formation

67
 Paper ID: 65
General Regression Neural Network Based Frame Work
for the Evaluation of Ultimate Tensile Strength of
Vibratory Assisted Welded Joints
M Vykunta Rao1*, M.V.A. Raju Bahubalendruni2 and Vinod Babu Chintada3
1, 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam,

M Andhra Pradesh, India

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology

A Puducherry, Karaikal, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: vykuntarao.m@gmrit.edu.in
N
Abstract
U
Welding is a widely used process to join the components. In recent
F years several analytical methods are used to establish the

A relationship between welding process parameters to weld quality.

Soft computing tools are the one which can establish the relationship
C between welding process parameters to weld quality at a shorter
interval of time. In the present work, assessment of weld quality has
T been carried using General regression neural network (GRNN). A
U model developed between vibratory tungsten inert gas welding
process parameters and ultimate tensile strength of aluminium 5052
R alloy weldments using experimental data. The developed GRNN
model validated with the experimental data. The predicted GRNN
I values closely matched with experimental values. This trained GRNN
N model can also predict the ultimate tensile strength of welded joints
with an accuracy of 98.94%.
G Keywords: General regression neural networks, Optimization,
Vibratory assist welding, TIG welding

68
Paper ID: 67
Experimental Studies on Material Removal Rate of Die
Steel in Electrochemical Micromachining process using
Taguchi Method
Vijayakumar Kanniyappan 1*, Dr. Sekar Tamilperuvalathan2, Vijay Manoharan3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, TPEVR Government Polytechnic

College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.

2,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology,
M
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. A
*Corresponding author Email ID: kvtpevr@gmail.com
N
Abstract
U
Electrochemical micromachining is a commonly used unconventional
machining process to machine the difficult to cut materials and to F
make complicated and irregular shapes of a product. This study aims
to optimize process parameters and to maximize the material
A
removal rate (MRR). Taguchi approach is used for the design of C
experiments. In this work, an experimental study is given for
machining of D2 Die steel.. Voltage, electrolyte concentration, and T
duty cycle were selected as machining parameters of the ECCM
(electrochemical micromachining) process. The analysis of variance
U
(ANOVA) and the signal to noise ratio (SN) are statistical methods R
used to investigate the influence of machining parameters. As the
results, the maximum MRR is 0.1483 mm3/min obtained at voltage I
20 V, electrolyte concentration at 150 g/l, and duty cycle at 60% N
voltage is the most influencing parameter for the material removal
rate. G
Keywords: Hardened die steel, ECMM, MRR, Taguchi

69
 Paper ID: 69
Microstructural Characterization and Microhardness
Investigations on Friction Stir Additive Manufactured
Commercially Pure Aluminium Alloy
Dinesh Kumar.R 1, Baskaran Balaji2*, Kannan GanesaBalamurugan3
1 Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

M 2,3 IFET College of Engineering (Autonomous), Villupuram, Tamilnadu

*Corresponding author Email ID: gbmpondy@gmail.com

A
Abstract
N
Friction Stir Additive manufacturing (FAM) is the advanced
U technology used in layer by layer addition and processing of the

F materials. In this study effect of process parameter on hardness of

FAM Al1100 aluminium plates. The tool rotating speed and tool travel
A speed were the process parameters vaired in two levels. The
metallographic and microhardness FAM samples were evaluated.
C The results revealed that low rotational speed and travel speed
T combinations show higher hardness due to survival of intermetallic
particles and formation of equiaxed and refined grains. However, in
U case of higher tool rotational and travel speed combinations,
formation of elongated grains and dissolution of intermetallic particles
R into the matrix leads to the reduction in hardness.
I Keywords: FAM, Equiaxed grain, Intermetallics, Microhardness

N
G

70
Paper ID: 70
Finite Element Modeling to predict the defect formation
in Friction Stir Welds of AA6061
Sumit Kumar Purswani1, Vikas Upadhyay, Karapagraj2*
1,2Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Patna,

M
Patna-800005, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: akraj@nitp.ac.in

Abstract A
Now a days, Friction Stir Weld (FSW) process is widely used N
because of its advantage like less distortion and good repeatability.
However, selection of welding parameters is crucial to obtain defect
U
free welds in FSW. In this work, an attempt has been made to F
investigate the defect formation in FSW process through FEM
simulation. Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian Analysis was used for this A
simulation through Abacus software. Plunge depth is varied from C
0.1mm to 0.5 mm with step interval of 0.2 mm. Simulation results
revealed that increase in plunge depth reduces the defect at the T
vicinity of bottom of the pin. Since the plunge depth cannot be
increased beyond a certain limit, so the defect was not completely
U
removed. The defect formation is sever for 0.5 mm plunge depth. R
This indicates that further investigation is required to determine
optimum parameters and tool geometry to obtain defect free welded I
joints. Also proved that simulation tools can used to predict the
defects during the FSW process.
N
Keywords: Friction stir welding, Defects, Finite Element Modelling, G
Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian Analysis.

71
 Paper ID: 72
Effect of turning parameters on surface roughness of
EN-9 steel using Taguchi robust design - An analysis
Shahid Khurshid1, Mehjooba Zainab2, Yasir Farooq3, Faizan Yousuf4*, Tamjeed
Ayoub5, Fayaz Ahmad Mir6, Junaid Hassan Masoodi7

M
1,2,3,4,5,7 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Zakura

Campus - University of Kashmir-190006, India

A
6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology

Srinagar-190006, India

N *Corresponding author Email ID: rathershahid35@gmail.com

U Abstract

F In machining process, the parameters play an important role, it is

important to find out its optimal setting, which results reduction in
A production cost and helps to obtain desired product quality.

C Tribological behavior of surfaces is affected by various parameters

and surface roughness plays a significant role. The quality of product
T is influenced by the surface roughness up to greater extent.
Mechanical properties like, fatigue & corrosion resistance are greatly
U influenced by surface roughness of a part. Thus, it is also known as
R the measure of product quality. The present paper discusses the use
of Taguchi robust technique towards the optimization of process
I parameters for minimizing the surface roughness. Three parameters,
spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut each at level three were
N selected and their influence on surface roughness (Ra) was
G analyzed. EN 9 steel was selected as work piece, nine runs were
conducted using L9 Taguchi orthogonal array. With aid of software
SYSTAT the results generated were analyzed. From analysis of
means (ANOM), the optimal combination generated is A1B2C2, also
the ANOVA results unveil that the feed rate significantly influences
surface roughness whereas spindle speed and depth of cut were
found insignificant.
Keywords: EN-9 Steel. Taguchi method. SYSTAT

72
Paper ID: 75
Study and analysis of milk run model for minimum cost
under upstream supply chain of a dairy plant
Sanjay Kumar1, Asim Gopal Barman2* and Vishal Kumar3
1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology

Patna, Patna 800005, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: asimgopal.research@gmail.com
M
Abstract
A
The Milk Run model is a distinct transportation model from the
perspective of logistics and supply chain. Firms invest heavily on
N
transportation of goods. In this paper, a real case of a dairy plant is U
taken into consideration. In the upstream of supply chain, raw milks
are collected from milk farmers and deposited to dairy plant for further F
processing. The milk run model of upstream supply chain is studied
and mathematical model of vehicle routing problems is adopted to
A
minimize the transportation cost. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Mixed C
Integer Programming (MIP) are used to solve the vehicle routing
problems (VRP) and thus transportation cost is minimized. The study T
resulted in reduction of transportation cost by 35.14% when MIP U
based approach was used and 30.29% when GA based approach
was implemented. R
Keywords: Milk run model, VRP, GA & MIP I
N
G

73
 Paper ID: 85
Effect of Micro-milling Parameters on Surface
Roughness of Soft Metal Cutting and its Regression
Model S
Bhattacharyya1, H. Chelladurai2 and M. Z. Ansari3*
Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information
M Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, MP, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: zahid@iiitdmj.ac.in
A
Abstract
N
Milling of soft metals is challenging due to their low strength and high
U ductility, which causes numerous challenges in terms of poor surface

F finish, sticking and tool failure. Surface finish is among the most
desired feature for a micro part affecting its quality and functional
A performance. Present study investigated the effect of micromilling
parameters on average surface roughness of high purity aluminium
C and copper. Rectangular channels were cut in these with the help of
T WC end-mill cutter. Three-axis vertical CNC milling machine was
used and the milling parameters spindle speed, feed and depth of cut
U were varied between 4000-7000 rpm, 10-30 mm/min and 10-40 μm.
A surface roughness tester with sub-μm order accuracy was used to
R measure average surface roughness of the two samples.
I Experiments were designed using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array
design. S/N quality characteristic, mains effects plot and ANOVA was
N later used for analysis. Results show that milling parameters

G
optimum for aluminium are not so for copper. The best surface
roughness achieved for the two samples are about 0.3 μm for
aluminium and 0.1 μm for copper. Finally, second order regression
equations relating roughness to speed, feed and depth of cut are
proposed with R-square values more than 98.5%.
Keywords: Milling, Soft metals, Roughness, Microchannel heat sink,
Taguchi method.

74
Paper ID: 88
Application of Taguchi procedure to decide optimum
variable levels for Powder Blended EDM
K Santarao1*, Ch Suresh2, C L V R S V Prasad3
1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, India,

2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Vignan’s Institute of Engineering for Women,

Visakhapatnam, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: santarao.k@gmrit.edu.in M
Abstract
A
Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is a prospective alternative to N
traditional machining methods. It is a technique in which no manual U
contact be-tween the workpiece and tool is established. To augment
the process performance of EDM, a new technique that utilises F
A
addition of fine nanopowder in the dielectric is proposed. This newly
developed technique is coined as Nano Powder Blended Electric
Discharge Machining (NPBEDM). In this paper, a discussion of C
results on the influence of four quantitative process variables and the
optimal process variable levels for improved Surface Roughness T
(SR) is presented. The optimal variable settings for the same are
Peak current – 5Amp, Gap voltage – 70V, Pulse-ON-time - 100 s,
U
and Boric acid nanopowder concentration – 1g/L. R
Keywords: Nanopowder blended Electric Discharge Machining, I
Boric acid nanopowder, Surface Roughness, Taguchi technique.
N
G

75
 Paper ID: 91
Numerical and experimental investigations on
pressure drop across process optimized micro-milled
aluminium heat sink
S. Bhattacharyya1, J. Pandey2, H. Chelladurai3 and M. Z. Ansari4*
Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information
M Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Airport Road, Jabalpur 482005, MP, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: zahid@iiitdmj.ac.in
A
Abstract
N
Micro/mini-channel heat sink is an effective scheme for cooling
U electronic components. The main advantages of such a heat sink are

F robust design, compactness and high surface-to-volume ratio.

Present study investigates effect of channel surface roughness on its
A pressure drop using numerical and experimental techniques.
Numerical analysis was conducted using commercial computational
C fluid dynamics analysis software, ANSYS Fluent 18, and results for
T velocity and pressure characteristics were obtained. The channel
surface conditions were changed as smooth channel and rough
U channels with ε = 2.5 μm and ε = 3.85 μm. In experiments, a 20 mm
long square channel of height 2 mm was fabricated in aluminium
R substrate using milling parameters optimized to achieve the best
I surface finish. The water flow conditions across the channel were
changed from Re = 200 to Re = 1000. Results show that the pressure
N drop values ranged from 20 to 170 Pa and the average pressure drop
measured in micromilled channel is close to rough channels with ε =
G 2.5 μm.

Keywords: Heat sink, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Channel

roughness, Pressure-drop, Entrance length.

76
Paper ID: 92
Effect of initial conditions on microstructure and
mechanical properties of dual phase steel during
intercritical annealing with varied soaking time
Chavan Akash Naik1, Jai Prakash Gautam2, Hima Viswa Jagadeesh3
1,2,3 School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad,
M
India
*Corresponding author Email ID: chouhan.akash1@gmail.com A
Abstract N
Martensite in dual-phase steels has an important role in U
strengthening of the automobile steel sheets. Therefore the
importance of analyzing the microstructure and their mechanical F
properties of the martensite has been increased year by year. The A
present study aims to understand the initial microstructure effect in
DP steel with varying Intercritical Annealing time. Intercritical C
annealing with a heating rate of 10℃/second, soaking and
subsequent quenching has been carried out on 80 % cold-rolled
T
sheet steel. The intercritical annealing cycles were performed on U
three different cold-rolled microstructures, consisting ferrite & pearlite
(coarse banded), ferrite & pearlite (fine banded), ferrite & bainite R
(coarse banded) and ferrite & bainite (fine banded), ferrite &
martensite (coarse banded), ferrite & martensite (fine banded). Three
I
mechanism observed namely, spheroidization, recrystallization and N
phase transformation occurs during heating while intercritical
annealing. The change in dual phase microstructure and mechanical G
properties has been observed due to stability of second phase with
increasing temperature during intercritical annealing. By varying the
percentage of martensite volume fraction was obtained from the
initial ferrite & pearlite, ferrite & bainite and ferrite & martensite.
Keywords: high strength steels; microstructure; etching agents and
recrystallization

77
 Paper ID: 95
Parameter Optimization of Wire-cut EDM on Inconel
Alloy for Maximizing Material Removal Rate
S ArulSelvan1*, C Veera ajay1, C.T.Justus Panicker2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti,

M Tamilnadu, India
2 Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Trichy,

A Tamilnadu, India

N
*Corresponding author Email ID: arulselvan1972@nec.edu.in

U Abstract
In the present investigation, the influence of Wire Electrical
F Discharge Machining (WEDM) process parameters such as pulse on
time, pulse off time, Wire Tension and Taper Angle on Material
A Removal Rate (MRR) on Inconel 825 was investigated. Experiments

C were carried out according to the Central–Composite design (CCD)

of the response surface methodology. Analysis of variance was
T performed to evaluate the effect of WEDM process parameters. The
optimization of the response was accomplished using the desirability
U approach to attain the maximum MRR. The optimum process
R parameter conditions were obtained as Ton - 0.8μs, Toff -38 μs, Wire
Tension -14 N and Taper Angle -2º with MRR Value - 2.98 g/min with
I a desirability of 1. Finally, the 3D surface plots had been used to
illustrate the variations of the output response with respect to input
N parameters.
G Keywords: Inconel 825, Central Composite Design, MRR, RSM,
ANOVA

78
Paper ID: 96
Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of
hemp-jute and hybrid e-glass GFRP composite
Surakasi Raviteja1, Suresh Dannana2, VV Prasanna Kumar3, P Kameswara Rao4
1,2,3,4 Department of mechanical engineering, Lendi Institute of engineering and

Technology, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: prasannakumarveer117@gmail.com
M
Abstract
A
In the present trend of research, because of the properties like
decrease in density, stiffness, less weight and good mechanical
N
properties the field of composite materials has become the emerging U
trend. This has found its complete applications in the field of
aerospace engineering, automotive, marine and sporting industries. F
Synthesis of composite materials has been a continuous lookout
without settling on both physical and mechanical properties. We are
A
having two types of fibres natural fibre and synthetic fibre. Many C
researchers have gained attraction over these because they hybrid
have the potential reinforcement material for composites, and are in T
emerging trend. The main practical benefits of these hybrid U
composites are they offer reduction in density, available at less cost,
inexhaustible, biodegradability and naturally innocuous and eco R
inviting and better mechanical properties when contrasted and
synthetic fiber composites. Present research work deals with
I
mechanical properties of jute and Hybrid e-glass laminated N
reinforced composite at different fibre orientations. Six test
specimens were prepared for each by varying fibre orientations and G
filler materials via, Plain woven bi-directional Hemp jute, Plain woven
Hybrid E-glass (one side eglass and other side chopped standard
reinforcement), Hemp jute and Hybrid e-glass, Hempjute and Hybrid
e-glass with 5% Cu filler, Hemp-jute and Hybrid e-glass with 5% Al
filler, Hemp-jute and Hybrid e-glass with 5% graphite filler the
following GFRP composites were fabricated according to the
standards using hand layup method. The developed composites
tested to evaluate their tensile, bending, impact and hardness
properties. The best GFRP concluded by comparing the results
obtained in the above cases.
Keywords: Jute fibre, Hybrid-E-glass fibre, Epoxy resin, Mechanical
properties, Hand layup method

79
 Paper ID: 111
Microstructural analysis of Friction Stir Processed
Al5083 alloy
D. Hari1, N. Narmada Devi2, Prabhakaran. R3*, Sutharsan.M4, Kannan Ganesa
Balamurugan5
1,2,3,4,5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IFET College of Engineering

M
(Autonomous), Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding author Email ID: prabhakaran1609@gmail.com

A Abstract
N Friction stir processing (FS) is an unique surface modification
U technique and modifying the microstructures of the metallic materials
through thermomechanical processing. In the present work, effect of
F FSP process parameters like tool rotational speed and tool travel

A
speed on the microstructure of the Al 5083 aluminium alloy was
investigated. The results revealed that FSP has significantly refined
C the grain structure of the Al 5083 alloy. Ultra refined grains were
resulted in 1000 rpm tool rotational speed due to high heat input and
T subsequent rapid solidification. Grain refinement increases

U microharndess of the FSP samples. Higher microhardness observed

at nugget zones due to ultra-grain refinement in that zones.
R Keywords: Friction stir processing, Al 5083 aluminium alloy,
I Microstructure

N
G

80
Paper ID: 113
Performance Evaluation Through Audit of 519
Organizations
Karri Naveen1* and Rohan Senanayake 2
1Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lincoln University

College, Malaysia

M
2Professor and HOD, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lincoln University

College, Malaysia
*Corresponding author Email ID: phdstudent.naveen@lincoln.edu.my
A
Abstract
N
Performance evaluation of any organization is a dashboard of the
stakeholders. Research studies on the performance evaluation
U
through onsite audits are very less and hence this research gap is F
fulfilled by evaluating the performance of 519 organizations across
ten countries. 879 Mandays were spent onsite to conduct an A
objective evidence-based audit of ISO 9001. This research study
determines the extent of conformance with the requirements of the
C
Quality Management System. Factors influencing monitoring, T
measurement, analysis and evaluation, customer satisfaction,
internal audit and management review were analyzed. The results of U
this research study found that the organizations should continually R
evaluate the effectiveness of performance evaluation through
internal audits followed by sincere management reviews to initiate I
actions as deemed necessary.
N
Keywords: Internal Audit, monitoring, measurement, analysis &
evaluation, Performance evaluation. G

81
 Paper ID: 116
Effect of varying tool parameters on chip formation and
reaction force
Raunika Anand1, Jeet Desai2*, Dr. Rajyalakshmi G3
1,2,3 Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: jeetketan.desai2017@vitstudent.ac.in

M Abstract
A Ti6Al4V and Inconel 718 are widely used materials in the
N manufacturing industry and have tremendous application in major
fields like aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and other key
U industries. The machining of such materials has always been
considered challenging. In this paper, Abaqus simulation modelling
F software has been used to perform orthogonal cutting finite element
A analysis with variation in rake angle and cutting speed. The
parameters selected for the analysis such as Johnson-Cook con-
C stitutive model, failure parameters and meshing parameters to

T ensure and validate the computational analysis in comparison to

actual orthogonal cutting of these materials. The results portray few
U trends in the variation of tool parameters such as rake angle and
cutting speed. The increase in rake angle leads to the decrease in
R shear banding, increase in smooth chip flow, decrease in chip curl
I diameter and increase in stress. While the increase in cutting speed
led to increase in stress and increase in surface finish.
N Keywords: Ti6Al4V, Inconel 718, Rake angle, Cutting speed, Chip
G formation.

82
Paper ID: 119
Study of Sisal and Jute based Natural Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (NFRP) Composites for Sustainable Habitat
Ankit1 and Moti Lal Rinawa2
1,2 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Government

Engineering College, Jhalawar

*Corresponding author Email ID: ankitshar3@gmail.com
M
Abstract
A
In comparison to synthetic fibers, natural fibers were degrading and
durable, particularly from plants, animals and regenerated material,
N
mainly in domestic applications. Recently several industries have U
been introduced, for example vehicle, aerospace, marine and
building, for their excellent mechanical, chemical and physical F
properties. For natural fibers reinforced polymers, Cotton, sisal, coir,
jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, banana and others are common natural
A
fibers. Several studies and publications concerning natural fibers and C
their composite fibers indicate that their use is confined, despite the
properties of these fibers, to non-structural applications for indoor T
and outdoor application for only their environmental and low-cost U
benefit with less concern of their strength. Sisal and jute are plant
and plant fibers with proved excellent tensile and bending properties, R
which were also restricted only to mostly non-structural uses. The
present status, applications, chemical composition, properties, pros I
and cons in the structural application and sustainable habitat of N
reinforced natural fibers composites using sisal and jute fibers
composites were discussed in this paper. G
Keywords: Natural Fiber, Sustainable Development, Jute, Sisal.

83
 Paper ID: 121
WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE PROCESSING AND
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS – A BRIEF
LITERATURE REVIEW
Sachin S Raj1
1Gnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India 637018

M *Corresponding author Email ID: sachinsraj1991@gmail.com

A Abstract

N Wood Plastic Composites are revolutionary products that help in

replacing furniture based wood and other interior structural materials.
U They also indirectly support in reducing deforestation and have
F greater durability than conventional plywood. Wood based
constructional materials are generally prone to termite attack, fungal
A and bacterial rot and they are not very durable in the long run. Plastic
woods are the most suitable alternatives for wood furniture. In
C western countries wood plastics are widely used as structural
T materials while in India they are not very popular. Research relating
to development of wood plastics using Indian based woods have a
U vast scope for young researchers. This article provides literature

R survey of wood plastic composites that have been developed by

various authors who have worked with various polymers reinforced
I with versatile wood flours using different processing methods. The
mechanical characterization parameters that are used to determine
N the technical properties of existing wood plastics composites are
G provided in this article for researchers to obtain relative data in detail.
Keywords: Wood Plastic Composite, Processing Methods,
Mechanical Charac terization, Polymers, Wood flour reinforcements.

84
Paper ID: 123
Influences of compaction parameters on compressive
and physical properties of AZ91D/ SiC metal matrix
composite through powder metallurgy
N. M. Sivaram1*, Karthik Kumar 2, B Chandu Naik3, D Ravi Jakhar4, Sudhanshu
Ranjan5, Packia Antony Amalan A6.
1-6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology
M
Puducherry, Karaikal 609 609, India.
*Corresponding author Email ID: sivaram.nm@nitpy.ac.in; nmsivaram@gmail.com A
Abstract N
The use of lightweight materials is expanding in every field especially U
in aerospace and automobile industries. In this study silicon carbide
reinforced AZ91D magnesium based composite was synthesized F
through powder metallurgy method. Silicon carbide particle had A
particle size 325 mesh reinforced with 1, 2 and 3% in weight to study
the compressive strength, Young’s modulus, density and porosity of C
sample. The cylindrical and cuboid shaped samples were considered
for this study. Cuboid samples have lesser density than cylindrical
T
sample for same composite. Minimum value of porosity 10.96 % and U
maximum actual density 1.624 g/cc was reported for AZ91D - 1SiC
(wt. %) cylindrical shaped composite. Maximum compressive R
strength 9.85 MPa and Young’s modulus 249.36 MPa was obtained
in the cylindrical shaped sample having the composition AZ91D -
I
1SiC (wt. %) due to porosity 10.96%. The low value ultimate force N
and ultimate stress were attributed to the compaction process
parameters and porosity of respective samples. G
Key words: magnesium, porosity, compressive strength, powder
metallurgy.

85
 Paper ID: 125
Effect of Filler Content on the Performance of
Epoxy/Haritaki Powder Composite
N.Narmadadevi1*, V. Velmurugan2, R.Prabhakaran3, R.Venkatakrishnan4,
1-4 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.F.E.T College of

M Engineering, villupuram, India- 605108

*Corresponding author Email ID: nithiyanarmada@gmail.com
A
Abstract
N
Natural fibers composite are accustomed to reinforce substances for
U over 3,000 years. More recently they have been usages in aggregate

F with biodegradable particulate composites. Different kinds of natural

fibers are investigated which used in particles along with Flax, hemp,
A jute, straw, wood fiber etc. Mostly composites are processing by fiber
reinforcement have generated wide research and engineering
C interest to material uses due to their density, high specific strength,
T low cost, mild weight, biodegradability and recyclability. In this
research paper, Haritaki powder and fiber reinforced epoxy matrix
U composite was fabricated with four various proportion of composite
based on haritaki powder compositions. The samples of composite
R were fabricated by conventional method of open molding fabricating
I processes. The longitudinal tensile strength, shocking load strength
and indenter penetration resistance tests were carried out at four
N one-of-a-kind speeds to examine the various mechanical behavior of
the composite’s materials. The test values show the filler materials of
G haritaki (Kadukkai) is more successful in producing a desired
property of resin materials. From the observation it had been found
that the mechanical property will increase up to positive percentage
and then homes progressively decrease.
Keywords: Natural fibers, Haritaki powder, composite, reinforce,
tensile test, charp test and hardness test.

86
Paper ID: 134
Surface Alteration and Effect of Fiber amount on The
Optimization of Palmyra And Moringa Oleifera Fibrils
Fortified Composites
Gowdagiri Venkatesha Prasanna1, R.Srilekha2, AVN Sri Harsha3, V. Sunil Kumar4
1,2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, CVR College of Engineering,

M
Telangana 501510, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: gvpcvrmech@gmail.com

Abstract A
The chief objective of the author to go for surface change was to N
reduce the effect of retention property of water of bio fibrils and to
progress the likeness with affinity with the resin mix. In this effort, bio
U
fibers by mixing 10 % vinyl ester with 90 % composites were F
fabricated Epoxy matrix and fortify the bio fibrils in to the matrix mix.
The mechanical property values of the composites was affected by A
chemical modification of the fibers and fiber amount. Outside surface C
of the fibers were customized by alkali treatment prompting superior
crystallinity of fibers. The exploration of flexural, compressive & T
tensile properties of Palmyra- Drumstick fibers fortified bio
composites was executed for 50%,40%,30%,20% and 10% amount
U
of fibril surface customized composites and other untreated bio fibers R
composites. [C6H5N2] Cl treated composite mechanical property
values displayed were superior at 40% fiber amount and ideal I
condition compared to 5% sodium hydroxide treated, 10% sodium
hydroxide treated and 50%,40%,30%,20% and 10% fiber quantity
N
chemically untreated and treated bio fiber composites G
Keywords: Palmyra fiber, Drumstick Fruit Fiber (Moringa oleifera),
mechanical tests, chemical treatments

87
 Paper ID: 136
Optimization of Specific cutting energy in turning of
AISI 304 Stainless steel using Taguchi method
S Annamalai1*, B Guruprasad2 and N Vaithianathan3
1,3 IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram, Tamilnadu 605108, INDIA

2 Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology,

M
Karaikudi, 630003, Tamilnadu, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: annamalaisv95@gmail.com

A Abstract
N In this paper, an endeavor was made to evaluate the influence and
U optimization of machining conditions on the Specific cutting energy
(SCE) in turning of AISI 304 SS with Tungsten Carbide and TiN
F coated Carbide tool-Energy reduction in manufacturing has been one
of the main priorities for ensuring environmentally friendly
A development. It is therefore crucial to optimize the consumption of
C energy without influencing other parameters. Thus, we understand
that the energy consumption is depends on the cutting force. The
T mate-rial hard to machine was known to be austenitic stainless steel.

U For the study of cutting parameters on the cutting power, Taguchi's

L18 orthogonal array and ANOVA chose. The findings demonstrate
R that the SCE was heavily impacted by the depth of cut and tool
material and the minimum cutting force was absorbed by TiN coated
I tool. In order to find an optimum set of cutting conditions, the
N experimental data was further evaluated.

G Keywords: Specific Cutting Energy, L18 Array, Taguchi method.

88
Paper ID: 140
Influence of squeeze time on fracture mode of SS304
spot weldments
Bikash Kumar1, Binaya Ranjan Maharana2, Ajit Kumar Sahu3, Swagat Dwibedi4,
Arijeet Jena5, Subham Das6, Suraj Prasad7
1,3,4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India

2,5,6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of M
Technology, Burla, Odisha, 768018, India
7Department of Mechanical Engineering, Silicon Institute of Technology, A
Sambalpur, Odisha, 768200, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: swagatsudhadwibedi@gmail.com N
Abstract
U
Mode of failure is the most prominent characteristic and a key F
indicator of mechanical performance in the resistance spot-welded A
joints. Therefore, in the current investigation failure mode attained by
different weldment of austenitic stainless steel (SS304) thin sheets C
are analyzed by performing the tensile-shear test. Squeezing time is
a crucial parameter that can change the mode of failure of welded
T
specimens. In the present work, the transition of the mode of failure U
was observed from interfacial to pullout by decreasing squeezing
time from 70 cycles to 30 cycles. The pullout mode of failure is a R
desirable failure mode in terms of mechanical performance. It is also
confirmed by perceived output from the present analysis since the
I
highest load-bearing capacity and high energy absorbing capacity is N
obtained for the lowest squeezing time assisted weld metal rather
than higher squeeze time. G
Keywords: Squeeze time, Pullout failure, Interfacial failure

89
 Paper ID: 151
Finite Element Modelling of Temperature Evolution
During Selective Laser Melting
Nithya Srimurugan1, Rishi Dwivedi2, Vineesh Vishnu3, Basil Kuriachen4, K P
Vineesh5
1-5Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut,

M
673601, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: nithyasrimurugan@gmail.com

A Abstract
N Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder-based fusion process in
U which a moving laser head builds metal parts from a 3D model using
a high thermal gradient. The rapid heating and cooling cycles develop
F complicated residual stresses which are detrimental to the
mechanical strength of the part. Numerical simulations serve as an
A effective tool for predicting the favourable temperature and stress
C fields rather than going for cost expensive experimental
measurements. In this work, a 3D finite element model is developed
T considering the phase change, temperature-dependent thermal

U properties, and taking account of all the heat transfer losses to predict
the temperature field accurately. The results show the effect of the
R thermal conductivity of liquid on the temperature field and also
validates the rapid thermal cycles involved during the SLM process.
I
Keywords: Selective laser melting, finite element modelling,
N temperature field

90
Paper ID: 155
Mechanical Alloying of Ti20Nb20Mo20Ta20W20 High
Entropy Alloy System
Amritava Sarkar1, P.S. Robi2 and A. Srinivasan3
1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology

Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India

M
3 Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati,

781039, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: amritava@iitg.ac.in
A
Abstract N
The processing of new a High Entropy Alloy (HEA), based on an
innovative alloy design concept is studied. An equiatomic
U
combination of five elements, Ti, Nb, Mo, Ta and W was processed F
by using mechanical alloying method. The mixture of powders were
ball milled for a period of 60 hours. The equiatomic multicomponent A
TiNbMoTaW high entropy alloy was then studied for morphology and
microstructural properties. During the ball milling sessions, the
C
degree of mechanical alloying were studied using X-ray T
diffractometer (XRD), particle size analyser and field emission
scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Transmission electron U
microscope (TEM) indicates the polycrystalline nature of powder R
alloy. After milling for a period of 60 hours, TiNbMoTaW alloy powder
obtained has a cubic body-centred (BCC) structure with a single- I
phase solid solution having a lattice parameter of 3.16 Å.
N
Keywords: High entropy alloy, refractory, mechanical alloying.
G

91
 Paper ID: 159
Effects on Mechanical Properties of High-Density
Polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with Walnut Shell
Powder
Adnan ali khan1, Uzair ali khan2 and Rafid Hassan3
1 Department of Community College (Production Technology), Aligarh Muslim

M University, Aligarh 202002, India

2,3 Department Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

A 202002, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: adnankhan3057@gmail.com
N
Abstract
U
A series of repeating monomers that may be either non-
F biodegradable or biodegradable with technical properties for a good

A range of applications are called Polymers. Non-biodegradable

materials are replaced by New and Eco-friendly materials developed
C by the industries driven by the present scenario to achieve a clean
and green environment. For composites development based on non-
T biodegradable polymers and natural filler, remarkable research work
U has been done. Two or more combined constituents are present at
the macroscopic level and are not soluble with one another. The shell
R in which walnut is covered is called a walnut shell and is treated as
waste material, but it helps in improving the property, and it is going
I to be used as reinforcement for the synthesis of composites with
N enhanced mechanical properties due to its good abrasive nature,
mechanical strength, and chemical properties. In the present work,
G we have fabricated the composite specimens by varying the weight
of walnut shell powder (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) used in high-
density polyethylene (HDPE) through the injection moulding
machining process. Different tests were performed to study
synthesized composites' properties such as tensile tests, wear tests,
water absorption test, and burning test. Characteristic changes in
properties were observed in HDPE/walnut shell powder composite.
The wear test, flame propagation rate, and water test showed gradual
increment with a rise in the filler loading while there is no remarkable
improvement in tensile properties. Preparation and characterization
of composites emphasize using various degradable natural fillers for
several applications such as aerospace, packaging, and agriculture.
Keywords: High-Density Polyethylene, Walnut shell powder,
Composite, Mechanical properties, filler.

92
Paper ID: 165
Grey-Fuzzy Modeling and Analysis of Optimizing
Turning Process Parameters for Stainless Steel Material
V. Jegan Prasath1, R. Karthick Kannan2, R. Shanmuga Mugesh3, N. Sugeesh4,
S.R. Sundara Bharathi5* and A. Arul Marcel Moshi6
1-6Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College,

Kovilpatti 628503, Tamilnadu, India.

*Corresponding author Email ID: srsbharathi1981@gmail.com M
Abstract
A
Stainless steel type 303 is part of a family of stainless-steel alloys. N
Alloy 303 is a non- magnetic, austenitic stainless steel that is not U
hardaenable by heat treatment processes. The present work
attempts to optimize the CNC turning process parameters for SS303 F
A
material such as speed, feed and depth of cut. Physical Vapour
Deposition (PVD) coated inserts are used. Material Removal Rate
(MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) are considered as the output C
responses for the considered machining process. Grey-fuzzy model
is generated between the normalized output values and the T
corresponding Grey Relational Grade values. Based on the grey-
fuzzy reasoning grade values, the optimum level of parameters has
U
been identified. Analysis of Variance technique has been employed R
to identify the influence of each input factors in achieving the optimal
results. I
Keywords: CNC Turning, Multi-objective Optimization, Fuzzy Logic, N
Surface Roughness, Material Removal Rate, Grey Relational
Grade,Machining Process, ANOVA.
G

93
 Paper ID: 169
The Study of Kenaf/Eglass fibre content on Mechanical
properties of biopolymer Cashew Nut shell
liquid/Epoxy matrix
Prabhakaran. R1*, Venkatakrishnan. R2 and Narmada Devi3
1,2,3 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IFET College of

M
Engineering, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, India-605108
*Corresponding author Email ID: prabhakaran1609@gmail.com

A Abstract
N Kenaf naturally extracted fibre is more attraction as alternative fibre
U reinforcement for natural composite products due to lower
economical cost, impact on environments, and better mechanical
F characteristics. The biodegradable resin of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid
(CNSL) as good binding agent between fibre surfaces, and also
A better Compatibility with synthetic derived epoxy resin and its
C reinforced to Kenaf/E-glass fibre composite materials. These
composite materials consist of Kenaf/E-glass fibre as reinforcement
T material and CNSL/Epoxy resin as matric material. These natural

U Composites are processed by hand lay-up traditional method

process. The samples were fabricated along different kinds of
R varying the blending ratio of CNSL/epoxy resin. The testing
specimens of samples were prepared as per ASTM standards to
I examine experiment values. From experimental obtained results, it
N has been esteem acquired that the Kenaf/E glass strands fibre
fortified mixed of CNSL/Epoxy resin composites showed prevalent
G properties, when contrasted with the hybrid of fibre natural
composites.
Keywords: Mechanical properties, Hybrid composites, Polyester
Resin, CNSL resin, Flax-Kenaf fibre composite

94
Paper ID: 170
Study on mechanical behaviour of newly formulated
aluminum alloy (6082) reinforced with boron carbide
and rice husk ash
Thirumaran.V1*, Ganesh.M2, Ganesha Balamurugan.K3 and Sutharsan.M4
1,2,3,4 IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram, Tamilnadu 605108, INDIA

*Corresponding author Email ID: maranvjn795@gmail.com M

Abstract A
This paper investigates the mechanical properties like tensile N
strength, hardness, porosity, ductility of newly formulated Al6082-
B4C -Rice Husk Ash (RHA) hybrid metal matrix composite. In this U
investigation we added reinforcement in different weight ratios in F
Al6082. The reinforcement weight ranges from (2.5 to 20) wt% of
B4C along with (2.5 to 20) wt % of RHA are prepared by using powder A
C
metallurgy technique. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
analysis is used to analysis the microstructure of the prepared Al6082
hybrid metal matrix composite. The mechanical properties like T
hardness, tensile strength, ductility, porosity tested using standards
methods and compared with the theoretical calculated value. The U
maximum hardness is achieved in (Al6082-15 wt% B4C- 5 wt%RHA)
which shows the highest hardness of 74BHN. The maximized tensile
R
strength 167.5MPa is achieved at Al6083-15 wt% of B4C and 5% of I
RHA. The Maximum ductility is observed at Al6082-12.5 wt% RHA
and 7.5 wt% B4C. The theoretical specific strength is compared with N
the newly formulated metal matrix composite.
G
Keywords: Rice husk ash, Boron carbide, density, porosity,
hardness.

95
 Paper ID: 18
Attractor plot as an emerging tool in ECG signal processing for
improved health informatics
Varun Gupta1*, Yatender Chaturvedi2, Parvin Kumar3, Abhas Kanungo4, Pankaj
Kumar5
1,2,3,4KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, India

A
5SCRIET, CCS University, Meerut, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: varun.gupta@kiet.edu

U Abstract
T Due to involvement of different types of noise, Electrocardiogram
O (ECG) signal needs robust techniques for its analysis. For that
purpose, the theory of chaos analysis is applied as a feature
M extraction tool on different pathological datasets obtained from

A different cardiology labs. This paper presents the important

observations on attractor plots obtained at different time delays. It
T facilitates the cardiologist in segregating the normal and abnormal
subjects on the basis of measured heart rate (HR). Using SVM, heart
I diseases are classified with mean squared error (MSE) of 0.023%.
O Two conditions viz. normal and abnormal are considered. The
novelty of this paper is to use chaos analysis as an effective feature
N extraction tool for improving strength of healthcare professionals.
The proposed technique shows detection error (DE) of 0.077%.
Keywords: Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, chaos analysis,
pathological datasets, feature extraction, cardiologist.

96
Paper ID: 21
Quanser Qube Twinning
Burada Phanindra1*, Paruchuri Srinivas2, Korupu Vijaya Lakshmi3
1,2,3Velagapudi Rama Krishna Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, India.

*Corresponding author Email ID: phanindraburada003@gmail.com

Abstract
A
This paper presents the implementation of IoT to the Quanser Qube
making them as twins to mimic. The IoT is done through various U
networking protocols. The communication between the master and
slave is achieved using Network published shared variables. The
T
Shared Variable is a simplified programming interface for sharing O
data that was introduced in LabVIEW. Using the Network-published
Shared Variable, you can easily pass data within a system and M
between systems. The mimicking action of the Qube are achieved
without any delay using NI-PSP. This is designed by integrating the
A
Quanser Qube with NI Elvis III and NI MyRio. T
Keywords: Quanser Qube; NI MyRio; NI Elvis III; NI- PSP; IOT. I
O
N

97
 Paper ID: 24
Finite Element Analysis of Lightweight Robot Fingers
Actuated by Pneumatic Pressure
M. Appadurai1* and E. Fantin Irudaya Raj2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Sivanthi

Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, India.

A 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Engineering, Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, India.

U *Corresponding author Email ID: appadurai86@gmail.com

T Abstract

O The robot end effectors are triggered by different modes of power,

namely electrical, pneumatic, electromagnetic, adhesive and
M hydraulic. This paper follows the recent work about the fabrication of
A optimal robot hands to perform several operations. The optimal robot
finger dimension is taken from existing work, and the 3D model of the
T robot finger is analysed by numerical simulation using finite element
software. The robot finger is actuated by pneumatic mode, and this
I type is used to grasp the lightweight products effectively. The
O maximum deformation and principle stress of the robot finger with
respect to the different pneumatic pressure is analysed. The
N regressions analysis is done for the various values of deformation
and principle stress corresponding to the input pneumatic pressure
on the robot finger.
Keywords: Robot End Effectors, ANSYS, Robot Fingers, Finite
Element Analysis.

98
Paper ID: 36
Computation of the Crump weir discharge coefficient
with multiple nonlinear regression analysis
(MNLR)XLSTAT
N.K. Tiwari1 and Pankaj2*
1,2Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra,

India A
*Corresponding author Email ID: pankajsisodia96@gmail.com
U
Abstract
T
Weirs are simply used to increase the level of water, to divert the flowing
water course, measure discharge, etc. A weir is a kind of barrier O
constructed across the width of a flowing channel or river to alter the flowing
channel or river's hydraulic performance. We're going to discuss about M
Crump Weir here. Crump Weir Geometry was proposed by E.S. A special
form of broad crested weir with an accurate triangular profile. Here, 9 crump
weir models were developed for the experiment with distinct material with
A
variations in slopes and surface roughness. In the measurement of the
Modified Crump weir discharge coefficient (Cd), MNLR soft computing
T
techniques are used to test and compare the capacity of multiple non-linear
regression analysis (MNLR) and traditional models to calculate the Modified
I
Crump weir discharge coefficient (Cd) and there is also a major influence
of input parameters on Cd results in addition to experimental investigation.
O
For this, using the MNLR method in XLSTAT, the equation of discharge
coefficient for crump weir is formed.
N
XLSTAT is a data analysis and statistical solution that is efficient, complete
and user-friendly. XLSTAT's strength comes both from the programming
language C++ and from the algorithms that are used. The algorithms are
the culmination of several years of study carried out around the world by
thousands of statisticians, mathematicians and computer scientists.
Nonlinear regression is a type of regression analysis in which observational
data is modelled by a function that depends on one or more independent
variables and is a nonlinear combination of model parameters. This
nonlinear regression technique is used as a function of other parameters
such as P, US/DS, D50 and H to create an equation for Cd.
The use of nonlinear regression is strongly encouraged in situations where
complex phenomena cannot be modelled by linear
models. By taking Cd as the dependent variable and the parameters P,
US/DS, D50 and H as the independent variables, a multiple-nonlinear
relationship has been considered in the current analysis. Using the training
dataset expressing Cd in terms of P, US/DS, D50, H based on the following
relationship, nonlinear regression was developed. MNLR is used to
establish the equation for the discharge coefficient of the crump weir. For
the measurement of Cd for crump weir, a relationship between discharge
coefficient as output and the input values i.e., upstream slope, downstream
slope, discharge, surface roughness and head over the weir and an
equation is created.
Keyword: Hydraulic Performance, MNLR, Soft computing, Discharge
coefficient.
99
 Paper ID: 59
Design and Development of Home Automation System
Boopathi Rani R1*, Bavithran N2 and Prasannakumar S3
1,2,3 National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: rbrani@nitpy.ac.in

A Abstract
Home automation is the budding sector in the new age of
U Technology. Many leading MNCs develop their own home
T automation systems to compete with the market. But all these
systems are developed for the foreign requirements and focused on
O industry standards. An automatic system that supports the typical

M Indian house infrastructure is still in demand. Moreover, these

technologies, which are developed by foreign MNCs are costly in
A Indian market. Hence, there is a need to develop our own automatic
systems which can meet the demands of the Indian infrastructure as
T well as affordable for the customers to purchase. Google Nest
I system uses highly advanced AI called Google Assistant to predict
and perform the automation tasks whereas it requires high cloud
O storage and processing power to accomplish such accuracy to meet
industry standards. But, we can develop a lower level AI which can
N meet our requirements to capture the user data, to predict the
outcome and act as per the predictions. The Raspberry Pi
microcontroller can meet the requirements for the above tasks. We
developed an AI based system for home automation and an android
application to serve as an interface with the customers. The overall
focus of the proposed system is to develop an automatic system at
affordable price with respect to the demands of Indian market.
Keywords: Home automation, Raspberry Pi, AI

100
Paper ID: 60
Design and development of automatic system to
protect crop from animals and birds
Boopathi Rani R1*, Preetha A2 and Gnanavalli S3
1,2,3 National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: rbrani@nitpy.ac.in

Abstract
A
We get our daily needs easily from the market. But, we hardly think U
about the farmers who give them to us. A farmer faces a lot of T
problems starting from weather condition to the unstable nature of
prices for their goods. One of the main problems is destruction of O
crops by the animals and birds. Hence, the agricultural field is to be
observed continuously to identify the passage of this sort of animals
M
or some other undesirable interruption. This paper proposes an A
innovative system which helps the farmer in knowing the entry of
animal/bird and taking some preventive steps automatically to drive T
away the animal/bird from the agriculture field. This work uses PIR
motion sensor to find any movement in the field. The PIR sensor is
I
fixed on the stepper motor to get the location of animal/bird which O
entered the field. When the movement is detected, it gives vital
preventive measures such as flashing of light, alarming and N
sprinkling of water, to drive the animal away. Meanwhile, the
information will be sent to the farmer with the help of TWILIO
platform. So that, the farmer can arrive on time to avoid any further
destruction. To summarize as a whole, the idea which is proposed
and implemented can be a good solution for the animal intrusion
problem and also it reduces the loss of human/animal lives due to
electric fencing.
Keywords: Automatic System, Agriculture, Smart System, PIR
Sensor, cloud computing

101
 Paper ID: 66
Spectrogram as an emerging tool in ECG signal
processing
Varun Gupta1*, Monika Mittal2, Vikas Mittal3, Nitin Kumar Saxena4
1,4 KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, UP, India

2,3 NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

A *Corresponding author Email ID: vargup2@gmail.com

U Abstract

T These days signal processing has the great importance in extracting

important pathological attributes of the subject (patient). This paper
O covers important aspects of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis
M by proposing emerging tool. The degree of morphological beat-to-
beat variability has been examined using a spectrogram technique
A on real time ECG datasets. It provides time varying spectral density
description of the ECG signal. Out of 49,181 total beats, the proposed
T technique presents duplicity (D) of 0.4% and detection rate (DR) of
I 99.48%. Some of the possible future directions, that the research
work carried out in this paper can take, are also outlined in conclusion
O section.

N Keywords: pathological attributes; morphological; spectrogram

technique; spectral density

102
Paper ID: 106
Automation to find adulteration in downstream
petroleum monitoring using machine learning: An
overview
Hemachandiran S1*, Aghila G2 and Siddharth R3
1-3National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India,

*Corresponding author Email ID: spahhema@gmail.com A

Abstract U
This article gives the brief overview of the important sectors in the T
petroleum industry and also discusses the application of artificial
intelligence and machine learning in those sectors. This article also O
highlights the key issues in the downstream sector where M
adulteration is the primary concern faced by the retailer and
consumer. The review of existing applications of AI/ML in the A
petroleum industry is studied and the new open research challenges
are discussed. The aim of this article is to show the new directions of
T
research in the less explored downstream sector of the petroleum I
industry to the upcoming researchers.
O
Keywords: artificial intelligence, fuel adulteration, machine learning,
petroleum industry N

103
 Paper ID: 127
Smart dispensing of ingredients using VL53LOX &
Piezoelectric Polymer sensor
Dr Prakash K R1, Guruprasad V2 and Dr Nithin K S3
1Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The National Institute of Engineering,

Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

A 2Research intern, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The National Institute of

Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

U 3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, The National Institute of Engineering,

Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

T *Corresponding author Email ID:guruprasadv182@gmail.com

O Abstract

M This paper describes smart dispenser system for automatically

dispensing the ingredients for cooking machine using VL53LOX
A sensor on the cap of the dispensing jar and a piezoelectric polymer
T gasket sheet at the bottom. The combination of these two sensors
enable calibrate itself and provide accurate quantity of dispensing
I which is very much essential in certain process. Piezoelectric

O
Polymer sensor at the bottom and VL53LOX sensor on the cap
communicate the data using IoT. VL53LOX Sensor provides the level
N of the ingredients present. Piezoelectric polymer gasket sensor
provides change in resistance value as the quantity varies in the
container. By sensor data fusion an AI engine predicts the exact
volume dispensed. The containers periodically “wake-up” and
communicate to a base station regarding their inventory status and
dispensed quantities and the fill status is automatically updated using
the same sensor. The volume is displayed by graphical user interface
using geometrical parameters of the container based on user
requirements, a mobile app gives simulation of the quantity on your
mobile screen.
Keywords: Bluetooth module, VL53LOX Sensor, Piezoelectric
polymer sensor, Smart containers and Mobile app

104
Paper ID: 128
Implementation of industrial IoT laboratory for sensors
Dr Prakash K R1, Pratiksha Narake2 and Ramya M V3 Guruprasad V2
1Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The National Institute of Engineering,

Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

2Research intern, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The National Institute of
A
Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication, JSSSTU (Formerly
U
SJCE), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
*Corresponding author Email ID: narakepratiksha@gmail.com T
Abstract O
Manufacturing Industries have seen great advancement in terms of M
technology upgradation, new materials, machines, and
instrumentation which has resulted in obtaining better output.
A
However even today, Industries are running hard to achieve zero T
defect, minimum down time & setting time because of critical process
parameters involved in the industry such as Pressure, Temperature, I
Vibrations, Position, Fluid-Flow Rate, Rotation etc. and their
variations could be consequences of various elements across the
O
system including men, machine, material, or environmental N
conditions, to solve problem of industries its essential to prepare and
train young engineers at institute level and make them learn about
characteristics and applications of sensor, this is possible with
development of internet of things based sensor laboratories in
engineering institute. In this paper, an attempt has been made to
demonstrate such IoT based Intelligent approach to the laboratory at
institute level that mimic industry, so that knowledge transfer about
sensors, IoT, AI and ML areas are provided to focus future needs of
the industrial growth as a part of Industry 4.0 implementation in
manufacturing.
Keywords: IoT, AI, ML, sensors, XDK, Data Logger, PLC,
PROFIBUS.

105
 Paper ID: 132
A Mechatronic system to distribute tennis balls using
Pneumatics
Miss. Pradnya Avinash Patil*
Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding author Email ID: pradnyaapatil123@gmail.com
A
Abstract
U Electrical engineering and mechanical engineering lie at the nexus of
T the burgeoning field of mechatronics. Today, this field is transforming

O
the manufacturing, healthcare, and aerospace landscape by
integrating the principles of mechanics, computer science, and
M telecommunication. In this project, we harness mechatronics to
develop a mechanical system for uniformly distributing tennis balls.
A This system is powered by a pneumatics actuator, ultrasonic

T sensors, microcontrollers, and a motor. The design process

consisted of three phases which include ideation, making the
I electrical simulation of the control system, and the development of a
CAD model to study the dynamics of the mechanical system.
O
Keywords: Mechatronic systems, pneumatics, ultrasonic sensors
N

106
Paper ID: 141
Weld Microstructural Image Segmentation for Detection
of Intermetallic Compounds Using Support Vector
Machine Classification
Nalajam Pavan Kumar1, Ramesh Varadarajan2*, Mohandas K N3 and Muni Kumar
Gundu4 1-1,2School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT),
Vellore, India – 632014
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology,
A
Bangalore, India – 560054
4Applied Info Services, Hyderabad, India – 500081
U
*Corresponding author Email ID: vramesh@vit.ac.in T
Abstract O
Weld microstructural images reveal information of presence of M
intermetallic compounds (IMC) and IMC layer width in the weld
region. This is an important characteristic in evaluating the joint A
strength. With the evolution of machine learning approaches, T
automation of quality testing has drawn attention in the
manufacturing lines. This effectively reduces the maintenance time. I
In this paper, an attempt has been made for pixel wise segmentation
of microstructural images using support vector machine (SVM)
O
classification. Segmentation could be used to detect the locations of N
intermetallic compounds and IMC layer width of the joint. SVM
classifier model is trained with the extracted pixel features such as
colour and texture of the weld microstructural images. The proposed
SVM model is able to segment the intermetallic compounds from the
base metal microstructures in the weld region with greater accuracy.
Further, simulated SVM model results are in good coherence with the
experimental results.
Keywords: Cold metal transfer, AA6061, Microstructures
segmentation, Support vector machine

107
 Paper ID: 142
Navigation of Mobile Robot through mapping using
orbbec astra camera and ROS in an Indoor
environment
Basavanna M1*, Dr. M. Shivakumar2, Dr.Prakash.K.R3

A
1Research Scholar, Dept of EIE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru,

2Professor, Dept. of E&IE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru

U
3Professor, Dept. of ME, NIE, Mysuru

*Corresponding author Email ID: basavannam@gsss.edu.in

T Abstract
O The obstacle avoidance and navigation are important tasks for a
M mobile robot in applications such as industry, military, exploration
and automated vehicles. This paper presents an implementation of
A mapping and navigation of autonomous mobile robot using Robot

T Operating System (ROS) and orbbec Astra camera. In recent days,

Lidar is used for the mapping and navigation problem by sensing the
I objects which are above floor level by using only a single horizontal
scanning line. In order to overcome limitation of lidar, arbec astra
O (kinect) camera is used for mapping of indoor environment which can

N detect objects which are above and below the floor level and
navigation of mobile robot from start to target location without
colliding with obstacles. Experimental results shows the map of the
indoor environment generated using orbbec astra camera is matches
with real indoor environment and generated map is tested
experimentally to navigate the mobile robot from start to target
location without collision with obstacles.
Keywords: Mobile robots, Mapping, Navigation, orbbec Astra
Camera, ROS.

108
Paper ID: 168
Automation in retail ‘follow-me-auto shopping cart’: A
self-propelled computer vision-based shopper
following cart with auto-billing feature using IIoT
Ayaskanta Mishra1, Aditya Mohan2, Abhranil Mandal3, Anamika Mohanty4 and
Akashdeep Chowdhury5
1-5School of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
A
Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, INDIA
*Corresponding author Email ID: mishra.ayaskanta@gmail.com U
Abstract T
This paper presents an automatic shopper following shopping cart O
system that enables user with auto-billing feature using RFID
technology and motor drive control system for a mechanized trolley M
using a novel finite state machine (FSM) based on object tracking A
method to get hands free movement. The object tracking and motion
sensing is done through Computer Vision algorithm. The trolley is T
equipped with Raspberry Pi 4 with Open CV for Image processing
along with a Wi-Fi module that sends real time product check out
I
data to a cloud-based web application with the vision of industry 4.0 O
using Industrial IoT.
N
Keywords: Smart shopping Cart, Computer Vision, IoT, Object
tracking, Automation in retail, RFID

109
 Paper ID: 174
An Intelligent and Robust Fault Diagnostics for an
Electromechanical System using Vibration and Current
Signals
Purushottam Gangsar1, 1Zeeshan Ali2, Manoj Chouksey3 and Anand Parey4

A
1-3Mechanical Engineering Department, Shri G S Institute of Technology and

Science Indore, MP, INDIA

U
4Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Indore, Indore, MP, INDIA

*Corresponding author Email ID: purushottam.gangsar@gmail.com

T Abstract
O The paper presents the development of an intelligent and robust fault
M diagnostics for an Electromechanical system. The Electro-
mechanical system comprised of a three-phase induction motor (IM)
A with an external rotor-bearing system. The main contribution of this

T work is to investigate the combined or multiple faults for different

machine components of an Electro-mechanical system which is
I lacking in the literature. In this work, in total ten different fault
situations are considered for example, Healthy motor with healthy
O external rotor (HM-HR), Healthy motor with external Bearing faults

N (HM-BF), Healthy motor with external unbalanced rotor (HM-UR),

Bearing fault in motor with healthy external rotor (MBF-HR), Bearing
fault in motor with external bearing fault (MBF-BF), Bearing fault in
motor with external unbalanced rotor (MBF-UR), Stator winding fault
with healthy external rotor (SWF-HR), Stator winding fault with
external unbalanced rotor (SWFUR), Stator winding fault with
external bearing fault (SWF-BF) and (bearing fault in motor with
external bearing fault and unbalanced rotor (MBF-BF-UR). In order
to investigate faults in a combined motor-rotor-bearing system,
vibration as well a current signal are used here. The critical features
obtained from time domain vibration and current signals are utilized
to build an intelligent and robust fault diagnosis system based on
multiclass support vector machine (MSVM). The results from the
present investigations are discussed in result and discussion section.
Keywords: Electromechanical System; Induction motor; Rotor;
Bearing; Vibration; Current; MSVM

110
Paper ID: 175
Analysis of Cache Memory Architecture Design Using
Low Power Reduction Techniques for Microprocessors
Reeya Agrawal1*
1GLA University, Mathura

*Corresponding author Email ID: agrawalreeya98@gmail.com

Abstract
A
In this paper design analysis of single bit cache memory architecture U
has been done. The proposed single bit cache memory architecture T
comprises of the write driver circuit, static random-access memory
(SRAM) cell, and a current latch sense amplifier (CLSA). The O
parameter such as power consumption, sensing delay, and the
number of transistors in architecture is analyzed at a different value
M
of resistance (R). The optimized value of R in the architecture, power A
reduction techniques are applied and compared for sleep transistor
technique, dual sleep technique, and forced stack technique. Results T
depicted that applying forced stack technique over SRAM cell and
CLSA consume the lowest power 11.58µW with R=42.3KΩ and 39
I
number of transistors in an architecture. Furthermore, process corner O
simulation and Monte Carlo simulation also have been done to check
the robustness of the circuit. All simulations have been done for 45ηm N
CMOS technology in cadence virtuoso tool.
Keywords: sense amplifier (SA); current latch sense amplifier
(CLSA); write driver circuit (WDC); static random access memory cell
(SRAMC)

111
 Paper ID: 176
Low Power SRAM Memory Architecture for IoT Systems
Reeya Agrawal1*
1GLA University, Mathura

*Corresponding author Email ID: agrawalreeya98@gmail.com

A Abstract
A quantitative and yield analysis of single bit cache memory
U architecture with different types of sense amplifiers such as voltage
T mode differential sense amplifier (VMDSA), has been implemented
and compared on different values of resistance (R). Results depicted
O that the single-bit cache memory architecture having voltage mode

M differential sense amplifier consumes the lowest power (11.16µW).

This SRAM is specifically suitable for Internet of Things (IoT)
A applications with slow access rates and low power consumption.

T Keywords: Single Bit SRAM VMSA Architecture (SBSVMA), write

driver circuit (WDC), Voltage Mode Differential Sense Amplifier
I (VMDSA), sense amplifier (SA), static random access memory cell

O (SRAMC).

112
Paper ID: 8
Design and structural analysis of Nano-satellite
Balaji R1*, Estheru Rani Talasila2, Oblisamy L3, Ajith V S4, A. Basithrahman5
1,4Department of aeronautical engineering, Jawaharlal college of engineering and

technology, Kerala, India

2School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara,

Punjab, India
3,5Department of aeronautical engineering, Nehru College of engineering and
D
technology,
Coimbatore, India E
*Corresponding author Email ID: balaaero07@gmail.com
S
Abstract
I
Nano-Satellite going to perform a predominant roll in a future of
space industry. These artificial structures move in a closed loop to G
rationalize the information about the planets for a further study, more
over its use in communication and navigation are exceptional. To
N
maintain the steadfast of the signals of the satellites the external
structure needs to have unique properties, because sudden guest
launch in the satellites impacts more harmonic load and static
structural load to the satellites. So, the Satellite design and the
materials decide the strength and lifespan of the Nano satellites, so
that it can able to withstand the space atmospheric condition. In this
study improvement of Nano satellite design with different composite
materials has been analysed and the values have been tabulated.
The following Nano satellites structure has been designed and Static
Structural analysis, deformation figured out using Ansys.
Keywords- Factor of safety, Aluminium Alloys, Heat treated,
Hexagonal panel.

113
 Paper ID: 12
Unbalance identification and balancing using model
sensitivity-based approach
Dinesh Kumar Pasi1*, Manoj Chouksey2, Ashesh Tiwari3
1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Shri G. S. Institute of

Technology
D and Science, Indore. India
2Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Shri G. S. Institute

E of Technology
and Science, Indore, India
S 3Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, IET-Devi Ahilya University,

Indore, India
I *Corresponding author Email ID: dkpasi25@gmail.com

G Abstract

N A finite element model-based approach based on unbalance

response sensitivity (influence coefficient) has been proposed in this
work for unbalance identification and balancing of rotor systems. The
accuracy of the finite element model being employed in the method
is very important aspect and it emphasizes to use the updated finite
element model in its application. A single disc undamped rotor
system has been considered, with centrally located as well as offset
disc positions, to illustrate the effectiveness of the method in
unbalance identification. It has been shown that the single disc rotor
system can be balanced using two runs, i.e. initial run and the final
run. The method employs the use of the unbalance response
sensitivities as computed using the finite element model and the
measured unbalance response. However, in this work simulated
measured response has been used for the demonstration.
Gyroscopic effect due to disc as well as rotor-shaft has been
considered in the finite element modelling of the rotor system. The
developed algorithm has been tested under a number of rotor spin
speeds.
Keywords: Unbalance Response, Sensitivity Matrix, Unbalance
Identification

114
Paper ID: 23
8-Bit Electromechanical Processor Design for Education
in Digital Computation
Shashwath Sundar1* and Vijay Kumar Tayal2
1,2 Amity University, NOIDA-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: shashwath.sundar@gmail.com

Abstract
D
In the following paper the design of an 8-Bit electromechanical E
processor is presented. The processor has been designed to S
demonstrate the basic principles of computer organization and digital
logic for education in digital computation. As the name suggests the I
processor has been designed by using electromechanical relays as
the logic blocks. The major features of the processor are that it is
G
simple, illustrative and visual and can be targeted towards computer N
education at the high school level as well. The processor follows a
very minimalistic Von Neumann architecture. The minimalistic
approach has been taken specially to allow students, even if
unprepared in the basic scientific and technological areas to easily
understand the working principle of digital processors. The paper
presents the description of the processor core and its hardware and
software tools.

Keywords: Electro-mechanical, Processor Design, Education.

115
 Paper ID: 37
A Study on Effect of Operating Conditions on Gerotor
Pump Performance
Tarique Hussain1, M UdayaKumar2, NirajanSarangi3, M. Sivaramakrishna4
1,3,4 Gas Turbine Research establishment, DRDO Bangalore, India

2National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, India

D *Corresponding author Email ID: tarique@gtre.drdo.in

E Abstract

S One of the important accessories of lubrication system of an aero

engine is oil pump which consists of multiple pumps with tandem
I gerotor elements housed in a single casing. This paper presents the
G volumetric efficiency variation of single stage gerotor pump specially
designed for aero engine by conducting experiments at on and off
N design conditions and compare with the CFD analysis. A Gerotor
pump having fixed geometrical parameters designed based on
mathematical 1D model using MatLab and AMESim is manufactured
and tested. Performance evaluation of these pumps with respect to
pressure and temperature has been discussed in this paper.
Performance of gerotor pump has been analyzed by using
Commercial CFD code ANSYS-Fluent with a standard k-e turbulence
model. Flow characteristics studies on the prototype pump indicate
that simulation results agree well with the measured data. Study
concludes that the simulation method adopted is appropriate for
predicting the performance of gerotor pump and the contribution of
outlet pressure to the pump volumetric efficiency is significant.
Keywords: Gerotor pump, Trochoidal Profiles,Matlab, Amesim,Cfd,
Volumetric efficiency

116
Paper ID: 43
Effect of non-linearly varying loads and position of
stiffener on buckling behaviour of stiffened composite
panels
K S Subash Chandra1*, T. Rajanna2 and K Venkata Rao3
1Research Scholar, BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru – 560 019,

2Department of Civil Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru – 19,

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMSE College of Engineering, Bengaluru

D
– 19. E
*Corresponding author Email ID: subashks.17pm@bmsce.ac.in
S
Abstract.
I
G
The buckling of laminated plates is calculated with analytical
procedures usually established on the panels subjected to uniform
in-plane edge loads. Still, the real structural elements are subjected N
to varied kinds of nonuniform in-plane edge loads. This paper's main
objective is to examine the effects of composite panels with and
without stiffeners by using the Finite element technique-ABAQUS.
The plate and stiffeners are discretized using an 8-noded S8R5 shell
element and a 3-noded B32 beam element. The study addresses the
effect of non-linearly varying loads, the position of the stiffener,
stiffener depth to width ratio, panel thickness and ply-orientation. It is
observed from the study that each parameter significantly affects the
buckling behavior of stiffened plates.
The outcomes of the present analysis are as follows:
1. The increase in depth to width ratio shall improve the buckling load
only up to a certain level and after that, there is no significant
difference.
2. The sequence of ply-orientation of the panel has a significant effect
on the stiffened panel's buckling behaviour.
3. The position of stiffener for maximum buckling load differs under
nonuniform loading conditions.
4. Stiffened thick panels have no significant effect when compared
with unstiffened thick panels.
5. The plate in which maximum load concentrating towards the edges
shows the highest buckling resistance.
Keywords: Non-linearly varying loads, Buckling, Composite,
Stiffener.

117
 Paper ID: 53
Determination of Exact Optimal Tuning of Dynamic
Vibration Absorbers to Control Vibration due to
Rotating Mass Unbalance
Anant. J. Sheth1 and Utkarsh. A. Patel2

D
1 PhD Research Scholar, Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat, India.

2Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering, L D College of Engg, Ahmedabad,

E Gujarat, India.
*Corresponding author Email ID: shethanant1981@gmail.com

S Abstract
I This paper focuses on the effect of optimally damped Dynamic
G Vibration Absorber (DVA) to attenuate vibration caused by the
rotating mass unbalance. The exact solution for DVA damping factor
N have been determined by using higher order L’Hospital rule as a
function of mass ratio. The effect of exact solution have been
compared numerically with approximate solutions obtained by using
H∞ method, Equivalent Linearization method, solution proposed by
Ioi & Ikeda and also without DVA. Compared with optimal damping
factor solution given by all the listed methods the required DVA
damping factor percentage reduction 85% to 75% for the mass ratio
range 0.05 to 0.125 respectively found with the exact solution.
Keywords: Rotating mass unbalance, Dynamic Vibration Absorber,
Mass ratio, Optimal damping factor, Exact solution.

118
Paper ID: 54
Finite Element Analysis for Material Optimization of a
Spur Gear by Radial Holes
Sanjay Sutar 1, G.C. MohanKumar 2*, Mri tyunjay R. Doddamani 3
1,2 Polymer Composites Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

3 Lightweight Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore-575025, India.

*Corresponding author Email ID: mkumargc@nitk.edu.in
D
Abstract
E
Use of advanced materials in gear manufacturing lead to the best use of the S
material is achieved by geometric optimization, which uses less material. I
Removal of the material from gear makes lighter weight gear, and the
simulation study helps in understanding their effects on stress distribution. G
This present research work focuses on removing material from the gear
tooth for developing lightweight gears. Circular holes are introduced
N
radially through the gear tooth and holes of 1.5mm diameter created from
top land of the gear tooth with varying depth from 5 to 25mm. This leads to
a volume reduction of 2.49 % to a maximum of 12.451 % as compared to
the tooth without a hole. The analysis of CAD models created in CREO
software of pinion and gear assembly carried out in ANSYS
WORKBENCH 17.2. Stresses in gear proposed compared with the gear
without a hole. The magnitude of stresses at the roots for both pinion and
gear are observed and discussed.

Keywords: Spur gear, Optimization, Radial hole, Gear root stress,

FEA.

119
 Paper ID: 62
Inhibiting COVID-19 Transmission in India through
Design of Automated Contactless Face Mask Vending
cum Disposal Machine with Self- Sterilization unit
Aniruddha Ghosh1, Dinesh Kumar R2, Varthini R3

D
1 Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal

736170, India

E
2 Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India

3 Government Engineering College Srirangam, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620012,

S India
*Corresponding author Email ID: dineshrd453@gmail.com

I Abstract
G An automated vending cum disposal unit with self-sterilization unit is
N proposed to cope with the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic scenario.
Researchers have stated that COVID-19 transmission among
Indians occurs significantly through improper storage of the soiled
face masks with personal belongings and through discarding of the
soiled face masks in public areas. The proposed design integrates
the 3 ply and 4 ply face mask vending unit, disposal unit and
sterilization unit into a single machine and the modelling is performed
in Solid works (2019). The objective of this proposed design is to
inhibit human contact while vending and/ or disposing face masks.
Keywords: COVID-19, vending unit, disposal unit, self-sterilization,
Contact-less, Solid works.

120
Paper ID: 81
CFD analysis of heat transfer through natural
convection inside square cavity using various nano
fluids
Hari Kishan Veeranki1*, Sreenivasulu Bondala2, Ajit Burra3
1*Student, Gayathri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam,

Andhra Pradesh, India D

2Associate professor, Gayathri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India E
3Assistant Professor, Gayathri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India S
*Corresponding author Email ID: hk54531@gmail.com
I
Abstract
G
In the present analysis, heat transfer through natural convection in
square cavity is studied and compared between various N
combinations of nanofluids with uniform heating. In this analysis,
nanoparticles like Graphene, Copper (Cu), Titanium oxide (TiO2),
Silver (Ag), and base fluids like water and ethylene glycol is executed
in square cavity. The effects of volume concentrations of
nanoparticles (ϕ) and Rayleigh number (Ra) are shown and Average
Nusselt number is investigated. By increasing volume concentration
of nanoparticles, the Average Nusselt number also increases. Input
parameters like Rayleigh number in the range of 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106 and
volume concentrations of nanoparticles in the range of 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.1
and the results are exhibited in isotherm contours, velocity streamline
contours, and Average Nusselt number. From the results Average
Nusselt number is in square cavity with graphene-water is 14.4 and
graphene-ethylene glycol is 14.5. By comparing different nanofluids
at various volume concentrations with their Average Nusselt
numbers it was found that graphene-ethylene glycol at various
volume concentration of nano particle (ϕ) and Rayleigh number (Ra)
have more heat transfer enhancement in square cavity.
Keywords: Heat transfer, Nano fluid, Natural convection, Square
cavity, Average Nusselt number

121
 Paper ID: 86
Investigation on mechanical behaviour of kenaf
fabric/bio-epoxy/egg shell powder reinforced
composites for medical applications
Nalla Mohamed.M1* and G.VR. Sakthivel2

D
1*Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri
Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram

E District, Tamilnadu, India

2Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri

S Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram

District, Tamilnadu, India

I *Corresponding author Email ID: nallamohamedm@ssn.edu.in.

G Abstract

N Metallic bone plates have been widely used in the healing of long
bone fractures. Unfortunately, it causes some problems like metal
incompatibility, corrosion and delay in fracture healing. Hence,
Researchers seek alternative implant materials to avoid these
problems. Natural fiber reinforced polymer composite materials may
be good alternatives due their properties closer to mechanical
properties of bone and easily biodegradable. Nowadays, the
abundantly available Kenaf fibers have attracted the researchers to
study their performance as bio-material and feasibility for making
degradable bone plates. Hence, the purpose of this study is to
investigate the mechanical feasibility of alkaline treated Kenaf
fabrics/bio degradable epoxy resin composite with and without fillers
(fly-ash/egg-shell powder) for bone fracture fixation plates through
tensile test as per ASTM standards. The results showed that alkaline
treatment introduces the ductile nature of the composite while non-
treated composite had the brittle nature under tensile loading
condition. The tensile strength increased from 30 to 45 MPa with
addition of 0-10 wt% fly-ash filler. While, the tensile strength
increased from 25 MPa to 35 MPa by adding uncarbonized eggshell
powder from 0-20 wt%, it increased to a maximum of 48 MPa at 20
wt% addition of carbonized eggshell. These results confirm that the
proposed natural composite plates are significantly more flexible
axially compared to conventional metallic plates. This study suggests
that alkaline treated kenaf fabric /bio-epoxy based composite with
10wt% fly ash filler or 20 wt% carbonized eggshell powder composite
can be used as femur bone plate instead of metallic plate during
orthopedic implant.
Keywords: Egg shell powder, Fly ash, Kenaf fabric

122
Paper ID: 87
Effect of wall thickness variation on the energy
absorption efficiency of cylindrical tubes under axial
loading
Nalla Mohamed.M1*
1*Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri
Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram D
District, Tamilnadu, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: nallamohamedm@ssn.edu.in E
Abstract S
At present, thin-walled cylindrical tubes with uniform thickness (UT) I
are usually employed as energy absorbing members in automotive
vehicles due to their efficient energy absorption and light in weight.
G
Despite their better energy absorption, high initial peak force is the N
drawback which has potential to cause serious injury to the
occupants. Hence in this study, cylindrical tubes with a varying wall
thickness along axial directions (VT) are proposed as energy
absorbing members to reduce initial peak force and enhance the
energy absorption under axial static loading conditions. These tubes
were manufactured by using Electrical Discharge machining (EDM)
wire cutting method. Subsequently, the crushing behaviors of VT
tubes were experimentally characterized and their energy absorption
indices were evaluated in terms of peak crushing force and energy
absorption (EA). It was found that the wall thickness ratio of VT tube
have a significant effect on the initial peak force and their energy
absorption. A comparison between the VT and UT tube showed that
the peak load of the VT tubes was reduced by 20-50% compared
with the UT tubes, and decreased by only about 5-10% in terms of
energy absorption. The VT tubes deformed more stably in terms of
the overall crashing behaviours or collapse modes. The results
revealed that VT tubes can stabilize the deformation behaviour and
could be used as a good alternative to the conventional energy
absorbing structures in aerospace and automotive applications
respectively.
Keywords: Energy absorption, Peak crush force, Variable thickness
tube

123
 Paper ID: 89
Parametric Study of Capacitive MEMS Accelerometer in
COMSOL Multiphysics
Saurabh Mishra1,2, Varun P Sharma2,3, Manoj Chouksey1 and Rahul Shukla2,3*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology &
Science, Indore, India
D 2 Synchrotron Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced
Technology, Indore, 452013, India
E 3Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094
*Corresponding author Email ID: rahulshukla@rrcat.gov.in
S
Abstract
I
MEMS based accelerometers are gaining a lot of attention due to
G their small size, low power consumption and competitive sensitivity

N and have been widely adopted in industrial, automotive, biomedical,

defence and space applications. In the present work mathematical
modeling and finite element method (FEM) simulation of MEMS
based, single proof-mass capacitive triaxial accelerometer is done.
The footprint of an accelerometer containing the MEMS structure is
approximately 4 mm × 4 mm. Both static and dynamic studies are
performed in COMSOL Multiphysics to evaluate and characterize
fundamental frequencies, displacement sensitivity, electrical
sensitivity and cross-axis sensitivity. The natural frequency and
electrical sensitivities of the MEMS based triaxial accelerometer are
5.86 kHz & 218.49 fF/g for X-axis, 8.83 kHz & 121.39 fF/g for Y-axis
and 5.15 kHz & 3.93 pF/g for Z-axis. The displacement and cross
axis sensitivities for X, Y and Z-axis are 7 nm/g [0.06 %, 5%], 3.21
nm/g [0.41 %, 0.6%] and 10 nm/g [0.08%, 0.09%], respectively. To
check the nonlinearity in the characteristic plots between the
displacement, capacitance and acceleration, simulation is performed
in the range of ±200g for in plane and ±50g for out of plane sensing.
The displacement is varying perfectly linear in triaxial sensing
whereas, capacitance results are showing nonlinear trends. The
analytical results of eigen frequencies, displacement and electrical
sensitivities are in good agreement with the FEM results.
Keywords: MEMS, Capacitive accelerometer, FEM, Simulation,
COMSOL Multiphysics.

124
Paper ID: 100
Redesign of Automotive Brake Pedal using FEA Based
Topology Optimization
Manickam S1*, Esakkimuthu M2, Nissan Prabhu N3, Palani Raja G4, Michael
Thomas Rex F5, Prince Abraham B6
1-6National Engineering College

*Corresponding author Email ID: michealrex@hotmail.com

D
Abstract E
The primary need of the automotive industry is to reduce vehicle body
weight to improve its performance and fuel economy. However, the
S
modified design of the automobile components must meet the I
performance criteria. The commonly used automobile component is
brake pedal which acts as a linkage between the driver and the brake G
mechanism. In the present study, topology optimization of the brake
pedal is carried out for minimizing the weight without compromising
N
the factor of safety. The material of the brake pedal is unchanged in
the optimization. Initially, the finite element-based stress analysis is
conducted using ANSYS software to identify the region where the
stress value is insignificant. Subsequently, the material is removed in
the selected region, and the CAD model is redrafted so that it can be
manufactured. The optimization process has reduced the weight of
the model by 15%. Finally, the optimized brake pedal model is
validated using finite element analysis under working condition.
Keywords: CAD, Brake Pedal, Topology optimization, Finite
Element Analysis

125
 Paper ID: 120
Low-cost Portable Smart Ventilator
Sourabh Dogra1*, Lokendra Singh2 and Arpan Gupta3,
1-3Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: s19001@students.iitmandi.ac.ina

D Abstract
Ventilators are one of the most important and complex devices in the
E intensive-care unit (ICU). These devices are used to handle the
S patients in critical conditions like lungs collapse, comma, transplant
surgeries etc. But due to Covid19 pandemic, there is a very large
I need of the ventilators. This paper focuses on the development of a

G prototype of portable ventilators with remote control. These

ventilators are based on the slider-crank mechanism operated
N remotely as well as manually. The slider-crank mechanism
compresses resuscitator (AMBU bag) and delivers the compressed
air to lungs through a pipe and face mask. These ventilators are
capable of controlling breath per minute (BPM) and Tidal volume
(volume of the oxygen compulsory in the lungs). The range of BPM
can be controlled 10- 45 BPM where deliverable tidal volume is 250
– 750 mL. To deliver the contactless treatment to a patient and save
the doctor from the disease transmission, we have developed the
android application to operate ventilator remotely. Arduino based Wi-
Fi controller is used to create control over BPM. Wi-Fi controller
integrates the mobile application with ventilators to establish remote
and contactless control. There is the provision of emergency cut-off
in antagonistic condition. The overall cost of the prototyping is only
4000INR and can be assembled within minutes on an assembly line.
Due to small size and lightweight of ventilator make it possible to be
used in remote locations as well as in ambulances.
Keywords: Ambu bag, Tidal volume, Breath per minute

126
Paper ID: 130
Investigation on the effect of patternised holes on
energy absorption characteristics of aluminium square
tubes
Nalla Mohamed.M1* and Sivaprasad.R.2
1*Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri
Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram D
District, Tamilnadu, India.
2Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri E
Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram
District, Tamilnadu, India S
*Corresponding author Email ID: nallamohamedm@ssn.edu.in
I
G
Abstract
The use of thin-walled square tubes has gained importance in the
design of energy absorption systems for protection of passengers N
due to their better energy absorption and light in weight. Despite their
better energy absorption, high initial peak force is the main problem
which has potential to cause serious injury to the occupants.
Therefore, it is critical to minimize the initial peak force with improved
crashworthiness performance of thin-walled square tubes. Hence in
this study, square tubes with patternised through-hole discontinuities
are proposed to reduce initial peak force and enhance the energy
absorption under axial static loading conditions. The effect of
patternised holes on crashworthiness performance was evaluated by
drilling holes at various locations. Experiments were conducted to
compare the crush characteristics and energy absorption capacity of
bare square tubes and square tubes with different shape of
patternised through-hole discontinuities under quasi-static axial
loading conditions. The results showed that the patternised holes
increased energy absorption (Ea) capability with reduced peak force.
The peak crush force was reduced in the range of 5-25 %, and total
energy absorption was increased upto 17%. The results have proven
the effectiveness of introducing patternised holes to improve the
tube's crushing performance.
Keywords: patternised hole, peak crush force, energy absorption.

127
 Paper ID: 131
Ansys Fluent Analysis of a Thermo Hydrodynamically
Lubricated Journal Bearing
Vaithianathan N 1 and Annamalai S 2
1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IFET College of Engineering, TN

605108, India
D *Corresponding author Email ID: vaithi1312@gmail.com

E Abstract

S Journal bearings are employed to support the propellers in high

speed machines such as turbines, combustion engines etc.
I Maximum of the design methods employed in the design of journal
G bearings are based on isothermal hydrodynamic conditions which is
not an accurate value. The true value can be getting if the actual
N conditions are fulfilled but it so difficult to get the actual fluid condition
in theoretical manner by including additional behaviour of fluid to get
the realistic value may attains. In this design, different input
parameters such as viscosity, speed and shape (L/D ratio) effect on
thermo hydrodynamic lubrication model (i.e. Effect of heat on the
viscosity is include in the computation) is carry out to arrive the
performance parameters such as pressure developed in the bearing
while in operation by using Ansys Fluent. Computational fluid
dynamics is a division of numerical methods which finds increasing
use nowadays in the lubrication industry. Finite volume method is the
basic background of Fluent software.
Keywords: Journal bearings, Thermo hydrodynamic analysis,
Performance characteristics.

128
Paper ID: 135
Investigation on deflection characteristics of auxetic
beam structures using FEM
Hrishikesh G Menon1, Shammo Dutta2, Hariprasad M.P3* and Balakrishnan
Shankar4
1-4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,

Amritapuri, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: hariprasadmp@am.amrita.edu
D
E
Abstract
Auxetics structures, otherwise known as Negative Poisson’s Ratio
S
structures respond to a tensile load by expanding laterally and to a I
compressive load by contracting laterally. A prominent structure of
this kind is the re-entrant hexagonal honeycomb. Over the years, G
studies have been carried out in an attempt to understand the
behaviour of such structures in terms of properties like Poisson’s ratio
N
and Young’s modulus, circumventing studies over its load-bearing
capacities and potential applications. This paper deals with the latter
of the two. Re-entrant structured beams are designed and tested
numerically using FE models. Inferior deflection characteristics of the
conventional re-entrant beams indicate scope for improvement in the
design. An additional design factor of the introduction of filler
materials into the voids of cells and its influence is also analyzed.
Multiple foreign filler materials are introduced in the design to
understand the effect of filler materials in deflection characteristics of
auxetic beams. Influence of these filler materials, expressed through
the ranges of their modulus of elasticity, are recorded and shown.
Results obtained from the analysis of beams with filler materials
indicates a profitable design with enhancement in deflection
characteristics compared to that of the conventional auxetic re-
entrant beam.
Keywords: Auxetics, Negative Poisson’s Ratio, Re-entrant
honeycomb, Finite Element Method, Beams, Numerical

129
 Paper ID: 137
Interdependence of eccentric force and torque on joint
angle and angular velocity during human multi-joint
leg extension
Rajesh Kumar Bhushan1 and Ashutosh Swain2*

D
1Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Manipur

2PhD Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Manipur

E *Corresponding author Email ID: ash11010085@gmail.com

S Abstract

I Purpose: Purpose of this study is to explore the interdependence of

eccentric force, torque, joint angle and angular velocity during human
G multi-joint leg extension Design/Methodology/Approach: Joints will
be identified for calculation of various forces. Analysis of the forces
N will be then carried out in software for dynamic conditions. The
materials usually used for joints are usually methyl methacrylate
(MMA)–poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and ultra-high molecular
weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).
Findings: The findings reveal that force/torque production during
multi-joint leg extension depends on the combined effects of angle
and angular velocity. This finding should be accounted for in
modelling and optimization of human movement. The results from the
analysis will be used for deciding which material to be used for joints
and how to design the artificial joints based on result of analysis. The
analysis can be used for further study of joints made of biomaterials.
Research limitations/implications: The research is limited due to
lack of proper data. So far, very less research has been done on the
mathematical aspect of biomaterials. This study will help in further
analysis of biomaterials.
Practical implications: This study will help us in deciding the proper
materials that can be used in joint replacements while having enough
strength to be viable for mass usage. In addition, this study can be
used to create prototype models of joints based on the analysis done
in this study. Social implications: This study will be used to make
joints for joint replacement surgeries. The study will enable people to
have these replacements economically while being strong enough to
be used in daily life.
Originality/value: Not many people have researched on the
mechanical aspects of biomaterials, which is seen by the lack of
experimental data available. This study allows us to use the analysis
in further study of joints made up of biomaterials.

Keywords: Knee Joints, Force analysis, Design, ANOVA

130
Paper ID: 138
Design and analysis of 3D printable prosthetic foot
Prakash T1, Jayakumar N2, Monish Kumar V3, Karthick P4, Mutharasu A5, Naveen
Kumar A6
1,3-6 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of

Technology, Erode-638401, India.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman

Institute of Technology, Erode-638401, India. D

*Corresponding author Email ID: prakasht.me19@bitsathy.ac.in
E
Abstract
S
Within a short span of time the medical-related devices, implants kind
of product has been done by 3D printing manufacturing process. The I
objective of this study is to design a 3D printable prosthetic foot with
an optimized design. The prosthetic foot is very much useful to
G
people with lower-limb loss. It is manufactured by additive N
manufacturing using nylon 66 materials. The foot is designed using
Mechanical CAD Software and imported into ANSYS workbench.
The topology optimization is used for providing the portable
prosthetic foot with the weight as light as possible. Without
compromising the strength and quality of a product the weight of the
product can be reduced using a topology optimization technique.
Keywords: Foot prosthesis, 3D printing, Nylon 66, Topology
optimization, Finite Element Analysis (FEA).

131
 Paper ID: 143
Prediction of gear loss factor for high contact ratio spur
gear drive with optimised root stress
R. Ravivarman*1 and R. Prabhu Sekar2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, India

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of

D Technology, Allahabad, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: varman92@gmail.com
E
Abstract
S Gear Loss factor is a vital parameter, which depends on numerous
I factors such as load, velocity, contact ratio, etc. Hence precise

G
estimate of the gear loss factor gets its significance. In this paper, the
gear loss factor for High Contact Ratio (HCR) gear drives with equal
N stresses in the root region is explored using contact analysis considering the
load share between the meshing teeth. This execution of equal stresses is
attained in the defined model by varying the tooth thickness factor along the
pitch line using a non-standard rack cutter. A gear loss factor is predicted
along the contact path by considering the varying load distribution during
the contact of the teeth and compared with the literature models. Finally, the
friction coefficient and mechanical efficiency are predicted based on the
gear loss factor, and results are deliberated.

Keywords: Efficiency, Gear drive, Gear Loss factor, Profile

modification, Root stress

132
Paper ID: 145
Automatic guided food serving robot (AGFSR)
Pediredla Shankar1, R.S. Kiran2*, and S. Ramana Babu3
1 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sanketika Vidya Parishad

Engineering College, Visakhapatnam.

2 Assistant Professor - Mechanical Engineering, Sanketika Vidya Parishad

Engineering College, Visakhapatnam.

3Head of the Department-Mechanical Engineering, Sanketika Vidya Parishad
D
Engineering College, Visakhapatnam.
*Corresponding author Email ID: 9014166673MOBILE@gmail.com E
Abstract S
The modern world has become very complicated without much I
standardization, simplification, specification, and diversification
related to the food supply in airways, railways, roads, and waterways. G
In this connection, a need has been observed to introduce a N
technology-driven solution for combating the issues connected with
catering in the railway sector. Which is one of the biggest sectors.
Hence a case study has been observed for Vande-Bharat-Express
(TRAIN-18) and a proposal is being made to introduce an automatic
guided food serving robot (AGFSR) as a solution. This AGFSR
incorporates a light follower robot with an LDR sensor using Arduino.
IR sensor technology is used to detect the position of the passenger
who pre-reserves for the food order (veg /non-veg). QR coded
technology with an easy SMS is used for getting the supply chain
management.
Keywords: QR Codes, IR sensor technology, Train-18, Arduino
technology, LDR sensor.

133
 Paper ID: 150
Rotary Car Parking with Solar Roofing
Prerona Dey1* and Piyali Dey2
1 Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, 781013, India

2 Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: prerona45@gmail.com

D Abstract
E This paper deals with the designing of a Rotary Car Parking System
S with Solar Roofing on top. Lack of space availability has always been
a problem in urban areas and major cities which creates traffic
I congestions. The already existing car parking systems like Multi-level
Automated Car Parking, Hydraulic Car Parking, or Puzzle Parking
G occupy a lot of space. The proposed model requires only two car
N parking spaces area. This model uses solar panels on top of the roof
which is connected to the DC motor through a Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MMPT), sufficient to generate electricity for the motor. This
reduces power consumption during peak hours and increases the
usage of renewable energy sources, i.e., solar power. In this design,
when a car comes on the ramp, with the help of the motor and the
switch, one of the pallets comes to carry the vehicle. When the switch
will be operated by the user, sprockets start to rotate and the new
space will be adjusted for a new vehicle. Calculating the dimensions
of each component of the proposed model and running simulations
(with real-time data), we can provide scope for future development.
The modular design intends to promote car parking in busy
commercial areas and reduce the area required for car parking on
roads.
Keywords: Design Prototype, Smart Parking, Solar Roofing.

134
Paper ID: 152
Experimental investigation on adhesive bonded fold
tubes under quasi-static loading
Nalla Mohamed.M1* and Sivaprasad.R.2
1*Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri
Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram
District, Tamilnadu, India
2Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri
D
Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram
District, Tamilnadu, India
E
*Corresponding author Email ID: nallamohamedm@ssn.edu.in
S
Abstract I
Thin-walled tubes are commonly used as energy absorbers in
automotive vehicles for safety applications. These tubes are
G
generally produced through extrusion process using mold designs. N
Unlike existing extruded square tubes, this research work proposes
a novel idea that by folding thin metal sheets into tubes which are
easily prepared and cost-effective. However, these folded tubes
cannot be used directly as energy absorber due to their less energy
absorption. Adhesive bonding is one of the effective joining
techniques which can be used to enhance the energy absorption.
Crushing tests were performed on the plain folded and folded tubes
with adhesive bond in universal testing machine. The energy
absorption capacity of these folded tubes were analysed and
compared with traditional square tubes with the same mass to
quantify the relative merits. The results showed that the initial peak
force of bonded tube is 15–30% significantly lower than the extruded
square tube. The results also revealed that the bonded tubes had
more crush length than that of plain folded one which leads to
increase in energy absorption. The outcomes of the present study
would facilitate the design of better energy absorbing structure with
combined cost-effective manufacturing technology.
Keywords: Adhesive bonding, Energy absorption, Folded tube

135
 Paper ID: 153
Numerical crashworthiness investigation of Multi-
section Tubes
Nalla Mohamed.M1* and Sivaprasad.R.2
1*Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri
Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram
D District, Tamilnadu, India
2 Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri

E Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Kancheepuram

District, Tamilnadu, India
S *Corresponding author Email ID: nallamohamedm@ssn.edu.in

I Abstract

G The present research work investigates the crashworthiness

performance of multi-section tubes with square cross section at one
N end and circle at the other end (MTSC). The results were compared
with their counterparts such as normal square (USS)and circular
(USC) tubes of uniform cross section. In this study, the MTSC, USS
and USC are designed to have the same height and thickness. Three
different aluminium alloys namely AA6060-T6, AA6061-T6 and
AA6063-T6 were chosen for initial investigation. ABAQUS software
code was used to predict the performance parameters such as Initial
Peak Force (IPF) and Specific Energy Absorption capacity (SEA)
under quasi static loading conditions. Mesh sensitivity study has also
been performed to improve the accuracy of numerical results.The
results evidenced that the multi-section tubes have better energy
absorption capacity compared to the normal square and circular
tubes.
Keywords: Crashworthiness, Initial Peak Force (IPF), Specific
Energy Absorption (SEA)

136
Paper ID: 158
Design of Table-Top Automated Plane Polariscope for
Digital Photo elastic Measurements
Gagan Keerthi M1, Ananthesh D Shenoy2, Devanarayanan B3, Sharath V S4 and
Hariprasad M.P5*
1-5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,

Amritapuri, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: hariprasadmp@am.amrita.edu
D
E
Abstract
Digital Photoelasticity, a non-contact, non-destructive and optical
S
technique is the most widely accepted methodology for stress I
measurement. Phase shifting technique (PST) algorithms serves the
purpose of evaluating the isochromatic and isoclinic data with more G
accuracy. However, manual operations of the polariscope for PST is
tedious and time consuming. Further, manual operations confronts
N
with high chances of errors during calculations due to the manual
rotation of the optical elements. This work aims towards overcoming
these limitations by automating the rotational procedure of the plane
polariscope based optical configurations. A compact, table top optical
box design for analyser and polariser is proposed in this work. The
plane polariscope based optical modules can be effectively used for
automating the plane polariscope based phase shifting procedures
and thereby enhancing the scope of Digital Photoelastic stress
measurements.
Keywords: Automated Polariscopes, Photoelasticity, Phase shifting,
Birefringence, Non-destructive testing, Image processing, Optical
methods

137
 Paper ID: 161
Structural and Vibration Analysis of Barge Ship Hull
Dr.S.Ramana Babu1 and Baswani Harikrishna Raju2
1 Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, S.V.P Engineering

College, Visakhapatnam
2 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, S.V.P Engineering College, Visakhapatnam

D
*Corresponding author Email ID: harik181994@gmail.com

E Abstract

S
The Hull of a ship is the most prominent structural component. To
describe the ship hull, it is said to be the watertight protection of the
I ship that protects the cargo, machinery, and spaces of the ship from
the climate, flooding, and structural damage. In this work, we have
G taken a pre-assumed load charring ship vessel of prescribed length

N barge hull is taken from the real-time ship. Using these parameters,
Lloyd’s rules and regulations are used to design the individual
components of the ship hull. The barge ship hull model is created
using DELFT ship software and the barge ship hull was performed
and modelling was done in CATIA software. The finite element
portion is done in HYPER MESH and ABAQUS. Four types of
material are considered which are used in the building of ship in real-
time. Initially, the design has been done based on steel material and
stress validation is done using ABAQUS software. Vibration is the
main factor in moving parts like ships. To find out the vibration
behaviour of the ship hull, model analysis, and harmonic analysis
was performed. This work is mainly concentrated on deformations,
stresses, and vibrations for four types of materials like steel,
aluminium, wood, and fibreglass. From this research work, we are
suggesting that the materials like steel, aluminium, wood and
fibreglass for the barge ship hull strongly advocate that among this
the fibreglass material exhibit good results it can be suggested for
developing the practical prototype of the barge ship hull.
Keywords: Stress, Deformation, Vibration, ship hull

138
Paper ID: 163
Investigation of failure in L-shape Woven Carbon fiber
Re-enforced Polymer composite under pull-out and 4-
point bending
Bipin Kumar Chaurasia1, Deepak Kumar2*, Vasvani Ashish Maheshbhai3
1-3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Jamshedpur 831014, INDIA D
*Corresponding author Email ID: deepak.me@nitjsr.ac.in
E
Abstract
S
Curve shaped laminates are widely used in the aircraft industries,
marine industries, and automobile industries. These types of I
structures have stress concentration near the curve regions. Under
the action of applied load, strength and stiffness of the composite
G
laminates reduces, that leads to matrix cracking and delamination N
failures, subsequently. To check the ultimate strength and failures in
composites, pull out and four-point bending test have been
performed. Here, L-shaped composite laminates are designed using
the balanced stacking sequences [0/45/90/-45]3s and are fabricated
by using Hand Lay-up technique. Fabricated specimens are cured by
keeping 24 hours at room temperature and cut into specimens based
on ASTM Standards. Further, fixtures were designed to conduct Pull
out and 4-point bending test experiments using universal testing
machine (BlueStar, 20 kN). Average failure load is evaluated as 1.76
kN and 1.19 kN in the pull-out and 4-point bending test, respectively.
Furthermore, delamination failures were recorded using Nikon DSLR
Camera at various strength. Further, Optical microscope studies
reveal the interaction between matrix cracking and delamination
failure. It is observed that matrix cracking phenomenon occurs,
initially and leads to delamination failure in both types of loading
conditions.
Keywords: Curve-shaped Laminate, Delamination, Matrix Cracking,
Hand-layup, Microstructure study.

139
 Paper ID: 179
Vibrations Characteristics Analysis of Rotor-Bearings
System due to Surface Defects Based on Response
Surface Analysis in CNC Machines
R. G. Desavale1, Jitendra Kumar Katiyar2 and Jagadeesha T3*

D
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology,

Rajaramnagar, Sakharale Sangli- 415 414, Shivaji University, Kolhapur,

E Maharashtra, India
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and

S Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603203, India

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut,

I Kerala Pin: 673 601, India

*Corresponding author Email ID: jagdishsg@nitc.ac.in

G Abstract
N The present work demonstrates a novel approach to develop a dynamic
model for vibration response of spherical roller bearings having faults under
various operating conditions using Dimensional analysis (DA) with
Buckingham’s pi theorem (BPT) by considering significant geometric,
operating and thermal parameters of the system. The results obtained have
been validated with experiments performed under diverse operating
conditions. Vibration signatures collected reveals clearly the presence of
fault with its severity and application of operating conditions of rotating
speed, load, temperature and unbalance considerably influential upon its
detection. In this work, the test ring on which the theoretically calculated
characteristic defect frequencies of bearing components have been
validated and compared with the empirically obtained values and found to
be slightly different due to extensive slipping or skidding on the bearing
components. The bearing characteristic defect frequencies obtained are in
good agreement with the experimentally observed one. Vibration
amplitudes considerably enhanced in the presence of speed, load, and
defects compared to undamaged bearings. Defect size is the most
significant factor as compared to temperature and unbalance that
contributes to increasing the vibration amplitude. Also, the interaction
between rotating speed and defect size found to be more dominating under
all operating conditions. The vibration response obtained by the EDM
model, experimental runs and MVRA are nearly equal and the results
attained are agreeing with physical perceptive and potentials. Multivariable
regression analysis is performed to reveal the effectiveness of the model
for precise detection of impending bearing failure. Results indicate the
simplicity and reliability of the approach.

Keywords: Roller Element Bearing, Multivariable regression analysis

(MVRA), Dimensional Analysis, Bearing fault.

140
Paper ID: 180
The Diagnostic Analysis of the Rolling Element
Bearings for Machine Tool applications using
Dimension Theory
R. G. Desavale1, Jitendra Kumar Katiyar2 and Jagadeesha T3*
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology,

Rajaramnagar, Sakharale Sangli- 415 414, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, D

Maharashtra, India
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and
E
Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut,
S
Kerala Pin: 673 601, India
*Corresponding author Email ID: jagdishsg@nitc.ac.in I
Abstract G
Vibration characteristics are significant features for conditionbased N
monitoring and defect detection of antifriction bearings. A small
incipient defect in components of bearing causes multiple defects in
antifriction bearing leading, to catastrophic failure. The multiple
defects such as, unbalance and radial clearance of the bearing
systems are investigated using experimentation. Defect detection at
different load and speed conditions are investigated. This work
proposes new compound defect features extracted from vibration
signatures. The new model considers the influence of rotor
unbalance and radial clearance on vibration response of the bearing
system. The present work correlates the inter relationships between
various rotor bearing parameters, namely clearance, unbalance and
speed using response surface method (RSM). The experimental
results reveal that unbalance, clearance and speed significantly
affected vibration characteristics. The validation of developed models
shows that the amplitude of vibration and defect frequencies can be
estimated with reasonable accuracy using Dimension Analysis (DA).
The results of the RSM and DA model are compared with the
experimental results.
Keywords: Dimension analysis (DA), Unbalance, clearance,
bearing, rotor.

141
 Paper ID: 181
Topology Optimization of Bench problems – Stress and
deformation Perspective
Dara Ashok1*, Dr. M V A Raju Bahubalendruni2, Dr. Johnney Mertens3
1-3 National Institute of Technology Puducherry, karaikal 609 609, India.

*Corresponding author Email ID: ashok.dara1@gmail.com

D
Abstract
E Recent advances in topology optimization methods offer better
S material saving for complex structural applications. This paper
investigates noticeable stress variations occurred in the optimized
I topology through finite element analysis (FEA) with the mesh size as
G function to define the stress singularities. The total weight of structure
is minimized with the density-based topology optimization scheme.
N In this article, material volume and element wise stresses are
considered as constraints to minimize the compliance. The Mitchel
cantilever beam, Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) Beam and L-
Bracket members are analyzed as benchmark problems to discuss
the importance of stress distribution. To find the solution for optimum
topological design problem, density-based Simplified Isotropic
Material with Penalization (SIMP) method is employed. This study is
revealing the stress-based topology optimization is more suitable to
achieve stabilized simulation.
Keywords: Topology Optimization, Stress, Benchmark, mesh
variation, stress singularities, Finite Element Method

142
Paper ID: 182
INTERNAL LOGISTICS OPTIMIZATION IN THE
ASSEMBLY LINE USING LEAN TECHNIQUES
P. Jeyaraman1, R. Jeeva2, Niruban Projoth T3, Rohith Renish R4
1 Department of Aeronautical engineering, S.A Engineering College, Chennai,

India, rjeevame@gmail.com

D
2,3,4 Department of mechanical engineering, Veltech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala

R&D Institute of science and technology, Chennai, India

Corresponding Author Email ID: jayaramancad@gmail.com
E
Abstract S
Optimization of flow in non-cyclical areas gains much importance
when it comes to practical industrial applications. The present work I
covers an extensive Study, Analysis, Design and Development of an
optimal model of internal logistics operations between Raw Material
G
Stores to Assembly Line at WABCO India Limited, Ambattur. It is N
shown that there is a major non standard, noncyclical movement of
the water spider from storage to assembly line that is non-value-
added. It is found that quantity of the parts delivered by supplier does
not synchronize with production requirement and there is a lot of
material mix up/damage and high (Work in process) WIP Inventory
with container sizes not clearly defined. Communication between
Stores to Assembly Line is totally manual. A (Define, Measure,
Analyze, Improve, and Control) DMAIC procedure was adopted to
solve the above stated issues. Using the first Lean principle of Right
Part at Right Time, Standard movement of Water Spider was
achieved. Material mix up / damage and WIP Inventory were reduced
thereby increasing the productivity by 50%. By standardizing the
container sizes and eliminating manual communication Built in
Quality was achieved. Principle of shorter lead time was applied to
synchronize Quantity of the parts delivered by supplier with
production requirement. A future state deployment model has been
developed to cascade on to the other bays.
Keywords: optimization, Design, Analysis, productivity, quantity,
inventory

143
 Paper ID: 6
Control Strategies for Transient Stability of Power Grid
for Large Sudden Change in Electrical Load
Subash Chandra Parida1* V.K. Tayal2 and S.K. Sinha3
1,2,3 Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida.

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: Subashparida.iitd@gmail.com

E
Abstract
N Automatic generation control plays vital role to change generation
E with respect to load changes. In the existing research work, the non-

R
linearity, noise and settling time is predominant which significantly
affect the load sharing between various operating area and
G independent generators. The objective of this paper is to design
modern hybrid control strategies implementing artificial intelligence
Y techniques to enhance the control performance of multi area
automatic generation control of thermal-thermal power plant scheme.
One of the vital concern to enrich the stability of automatic generation
control is due to non-linearity involved inside control signal during
load changes. The major incompetence of existing conventional
control scheme is high settling time, high operational noise, high rise
time and peak overshoot. The proposed fuzzy PID hybrid control
scheme has surpassed all mentioned limitations of existing one. A
modified hybrid fuzzy - PID based control scheme is presented to
enrich stability, decay noise, diminish rise time & peak overshoot to
optimize control action of multi area automatic generation control
scheme. The ultramodern fuzzy - PID based hybrid control scheme
is more efficient. The safety & reliability aspects of recommended
scheme has been enhanced. Furthermore, simulation have been
made using MATLAB Simulink, results have been examined and
dynamic performances have been evaluated, showing the
performance of our application.
Keywords: Automatic generation control (AGC), Thermal Plant,
Controller MATLAB, Simulink, Performance analysis, Non linearity,
Area control error (ACE).

144
Paper ID: 9
Improved Control Design for AGC of Two Area
Thermal-Thermal Power System using Hybrid Fuzzy-
PID Control
Subash Chandra Parida1* V.K. Tayal2 and S.K. Sinha3
1,2,3 Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida.

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: Subashparida.iitd@gmail.com E

Abstract N
Automatic generation control plays vital role to change generation E
with respect to load changes. In the existing research work, the non-
linearity, noise and settling time is predominant which significantly R
affect the load sharing between various operating area and G
independent generators. The objective of this paper is to design
modern hybrid control strategies implementing artificial intelligence Y
techniques to enhance the control performance of multi area
automatic generation control of thermal-thermal power plant scheme.
One of the vital concern to enrich the stability of automatic generation
control is due to non-linearity involved inside control signal during
load changes. The major incompetence of existing conventional
control scheme is high settling time, high operational noise, high rise
time and peak overshoot. The proposed fuzzy PID hybrid control
scheme has surpassed all mentioned limitations of existing one. A
modified hybrid fuzzy - PID based control scheme is presented to
enrich stability, decay noise, diminish rise time & peak overshoot to
optimize control action of multi area automatic generation control
scheme. The ultramodern fuzzy - PID based hybrid control scheme
is more efficient. The safety & reliability aspects of recommended
scheme has been enhanced. Furthermore, simulation have been
made using MATLAB Simulink, results have been examined and
dynamic performances have been evaluated, showing the
performance of our application.
Keywords: Automatic generation control (AGC), Thermal Plant,
Controller MATLAB, Simulink, Performance analysis, Non linearity,
Area control error (ACE), Fuzzy - PID, Hybrid controller.

145
 Paper ID: 11

Experimental investigation of a line focus solar

collector using flat and parabolic reflector
Gunjan Kumar1* and Hemant Gupta2

E
1,2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shroff S R Rotary Institute of Chemical

Technology, Ankleshwar, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, India

N *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: gunjan.k91@gmail.com

E Abstract

R In solar thermal technology, line focus is one of the major categories

of solar collectors. They are used to produce either steam or process
G heat in many applications. In the technology of line focus, sun
radiation is directed into the receiver to establish and sustain a line
Y focus. The principal contributors to this technology are parabolic
troughs and linear Fresnel collectors. In this paper, an idea of a
combination of parabolic and flat reflectors are hypothesized for
minimizing the current problems of existing line focus solar collectors.
The stationary receiver is mounted in the focal line of parabolic
trough. Tracking is only provided to flat reflectors that reduce the
tracking cost. A prototype with aforementioned modification is
developed and tested for experimental investigation. The thermal
performance of the prototype for different operating conditions has
been evaluated. Maximum thermal efficiency is reached around 55%
that competes with the performance of parabolic trough collector.
The average temperature difference of 6.85°C is noticed, which is
1.14°C higher than the tested parabolic trough collector.

Keywords: solar energy, solar collector, flat reflector, parabolic

trough, linear collector

146
Paper ID: 14
Performance Analysis of Crossflow Turbine: A Case
Study
Priyabrata Adhikary1*, Nithin Bali2, Jeffrin Immanuel A3, Prashanth N Prasad4, Syed
Zaid Huq5
1-5New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

E
Abstract N
The need of micro hydro plant schemes and availability of micro
hydro project potential sites makes us to work towards designing and
E
performance analysis of cross flow turbine for the rural population R
electrification program. The aim of this study is to check the internal
flow and performance characteristics of the cross-flow turbine using G
CFD-Tools. A 3D-CFD steady state flow simulation has been
performed. Simulations were carried out using standard K-epsilon
Y
turbulence model. The velocity and pressure distribution within the
internal surface runner of the cross-flow turbine was analysed. From
the simulation results it was observed that there is a high-pressure
area inside the nozzle and near to the first stage runner blades. Then
it is going to decrease at the second stage and slowly towards the
out let of the turbine. Even it can be negative at the region where
there is no cross flow. In general, the simulation using CFD-Tool is
very important to show the velocity and pressure distribution inside
the nozzle, runner and casing. Good agreement was obtained
between simulation results and manufacturer/project data.
Keywords: Turbomachine, Pico hydro plant, Micro hydro plant,
Small hydro plant, Cross Flow Turbine, CFD

147
 Paper ID: 15
Performance Analysis of VAWT: A Case Study
Priyabrata Adhikary1*, Jeffrin Immanuel A2, Nithin Bali3, Syed Zaid Huq4 and
Prashanth N Prasad5
1-5New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

E Abstract
N The need of VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine) plant schemes and
E availability of VAWT project potential sites makes us to work towards
designing and performance analysis of VAWT for the rural population
R electrification program. The aim of this paper is to study the flow and

G
performance characteristics of the VAWT using CFD-Tools. A 3D-
CFD steady state flow simulation has been performed. Simulations
Y were carried out using standard K-epsilon turbulence model. The
velocity and pressure distribution of the VAWT were analysed. In
general, the simulation using CFD-Tool is very important to show the
turbulence, velocity and pressure distribution of flow in case of
VAWT. Good agreement was obtained between simulation results
and project / manufacturer data.
Keywords: Turbomachines, VAWT, HAWT, CFD, Renewable
Energy

148
Paper ID: 16

PV Solar System Modelling and Design using PV-SYST

Software: A Case Study
Priyabrata Adhikary1*, Prashanth N Prasad2, Syed Zaid Huq3, Nithin Bali4 and
Jeffrin Immanuel A5
1-5New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com E

Abstract N
The act of a photovoltaic system depends on the geographical E
location and type of PV modules implemented. PV systems are
beneficial in areas having good amount of incident solar radiation. In
R
this study a photovoltaic system is designed and simulated using PV- G
SYST software for India using measured data of the location. The
total amount of energy generated by the system and various losses Y
occurring in the system are analysed and presented. Performance
ratio of the system over the whole year is estimated. Good agreement
was obtained between simulation results and project / manufacturer
data.
Keywords: PV Solar System, PV-SYST, RET Screen, Renewable
Energy, Roof Top Solar

149
 Paper ID: 17
Application of PV-SYST for Standalone Roof Top PV
Solar Project: A Case Study
Priyabrata Adhikary1*, Syed Zaid Huq2, Prashanth N Prasad3, Jeffrin Immanuel A4
and Nithin Bali5
1-5New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

E *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

N Abstract

E Solar Photovoltaic is one of the emerging renewable energy

technologies as its standalone integration is one of the best ways to
R increase the electrical energy potential of the nation and to fulfil the
G energy needs. For the simulation and performance analysis of
standalone rooftop PV system, PV-SYST software provides very
Y good platform in order to facilitate yield estimation and future
expansion. In this study, various parameters such as geographical
location, solar panel tilt angle, system sizing, operating temperature,
inverter efficiency, electrical losses, sun position variation, simulation
duration etc. are taken into consideration. The simulation results
obtained for one day and one month are also compared with actual
power generation to analyse the variation and to strive for maximum
energy potential in addition to results, detailed power flow diagram is
obtained indicating all system losses and output power. The total
amount of energy generated by the system and various losses
occurring in the system are also analysed. Good agreement was
found between simulated results and actual project/manufacturer
data.
Keywords: PV Solar, PV-SYST, Renewable Energy, Solar Energy,
Solar Photovoltaic

150
Paper ID: 20
Design and Implementation of a 3 level Battery
Management System (BMS) for an Electric Vehicle
Bhumica Dutta1, Sharestha Jaiswal2, Vinay Phatarpekar3*, Vijay Kumar Tayal4,
H.P. Singh5
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: vinayp9399@gmail.com
E
Abstract
N
The Battery Management system (BMS) is the heart of an Electric E
Vehicle. It is a fundamental device connected between the charger R
and the battery of the electric or hybrid systems. The BMS has
several vital functions to perform such as safety, protection, battery G
management including estimation of charge, cell balancing for
effective and smooth operation of the battery and vehicle. This paper
Y
aims at designing and implementation of a prototype for 3 level BMS
in an EV. The proposed work focusses on achievin g maximum
efficiency by improving the battery usage during discharge. The
software tools used are MATLAB/Simulink, Proteus and Arduino IDE.
The designed prototype is able to switch off the nonessential
appliances including air conditioner, radio etc. with reduction in
speed range. Thus, battery management is successfully carried out.
The driver also gets an alert regarding current state of battery so that
he may plan his journey accordingly.
Keywords: Battery Management system (BMS), coulomb counting,
Kalman Filtering, State of Charge (SOC), Electric Vehicle (EV), Cell
balancing.

151
 Paper ID: 22
Effect of Flow Velocity on the Performance of the
Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbine
Vimal Patel1* and Kushal Shah2
1, 2 Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, INDIA

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: vimal.iitbombay@gmail.com

E
Abstract
N The use of hydrokinetic turbines gathers much attention due to its
E high-power density compared to wind turbines and predictable power

R
output. The Savonius turbine is one of the best hydrokinetic turbines,
however, limitations with a low coefficient of power. The input velocity
G to the turbine also plays an important role in the performance of the
turbine. In the present investigation, the effect of flow velocity on the
Y performance of the Savonius turbine is investigated with numerical
simulation. The grid independent study, domain optimization, and
validation of the methodology used in the present investigation are
carried out prior to the investigation. The investigations are carried
out for different 10 inlet velocities and the performance of the turbine
is compared in form of the coefficient of power (Cp). The results
indicate that to get optimum performance from the turbine minimum
of 2 m/s velocity is required for the considered design of the turbine.
Keywords: Savonius turbine, Hydrokinetic turbine, Hydraulic
turbine, Flow effect, Renewable energy.

152
Paper ID: 25
Review on pragmatic refrigerants deployed in
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning system
Shaikabdulla1*, T.S. Ravikumar2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology &
Science,
Chennai, India
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: abdullarahman198@gmail.com
E
Abstract
N
The theoretical and experimental results collected from the most E
relevant research are reported. The thermodynamic properties of R
refrigerants used for experiments is tabulated and results from all the
papers are summarized. From the literature review, it is understood G
that although R22 gives a higher coefficient of performance, but
considering its phase-out we need to look for an alternate. R134a is
Y
being used as an alternative but due to its Global warming value, we
need to go for the eco-friendly refrigerant. The promising refrigerant
which comes next in terms of global warming potential is synthetic
group refrigerant, their global warming potential is very small
compared to the other group refrigerants. The study of lubricants with
nanoparticles are included. Nano-lubricant refrigerants increase the
efficiency of the system.
Keywords: HCFC, R134a, HFO1234ze, nano-refrigerant, Global
warming potential, ODP

153
 Paper ID: 26
Optimization of nanofluid parameters for double pipe
heat exchanger
K. Manjunath1*
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University Bawana

Road, Delhi 110042, India

E *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: manjukmys@gmail.com

N Abstract

E In this paper the optimum nanofluid parameters are established for

double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) which are commonly used in
R sensible heating and cooling of fluids. For same heat transfer surface
G area and same fluids temperature difference, performance
comparisons are carried out by the use of nanofluid and without
Y nanofluid that is base fluid itself. Important parameters of nanofluids
such as volume concentrations and nano particle diameter are varied
with respect to second law thermodynamic non dimensional
performance parameters exergetic efficiency and entropy generation
number. Also, heat exchanger parametric study is carried out by
variations of hot fluid temperature drop, surface area and length to
diameter ratio. Although there is increase in heat transfer and
effectiveness of DPHE by the use of nanofluid, this will not guarantee
higher performance. Because there will be reduction of exergetic
efficiency and increase in irreversibilities of heat exchangers. The
reasons for this are investigated in this work and suggestions are
provided to choose the optimum values of nanofluid particles based
on second law efficiency analysis.
Keywords: second law efficiency, irreversibility, heat transfer,
pressure drop, volume concentrations, nano particle diameter

154
Paper ID: 30
CFD ANALYSIS OF A MIXED CONVECTION HEAT
TRANSFER SQUARE CAVITY WITH HYBRID NANO
FLUIDS
Chinta Rajeev Durga Sai1*, Dr.B. Sreenivasulu1, Sri Ajit Burra2, Dr. Satish Pujari3
1*Student, Gayathri Vidya Parishad Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra

Pradesh, India
1Associate
E
professor, Gayathri Vidya Parishad Engineering College,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
2Assistant
N
Professor, Gayathri Vidya Parishad Engineering College,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India E
3Professor, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, Andhra

Pradesh, India R
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: chintarajeev00786@gmail.com
G
Abstract
Y
Numerical investigations are performed on mixed convection lid-
driven square cavity using hybrid nanoparticles adding water as base
fluid at uniform heating bottom wall. In this analysis, the hybrid
nanoparticles which are a combination of graphene (the main
constituent) and others such as Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Zinc (Zn)
will be used with a graphene proportion (10% to 50%) for the volume
fraction of ϕ=0.1. The percentage combination of the hybrid
nanoparticles is varied, and the heat transfer coefficients can be
determined at various Richardson (0.001 ≤ Ri ≤ 10) for a given
Reynolds number, and transfer rate will be analyzed. By comparing
different hybrid nanofluids with their avg. Nusselt numbers at different
volume fractions and different proportions of nanoparticles, we see
that (graphene-Zinc)-water shows more significant enhancement of
transfer than (graphene-copper)-water and (graphene-silver)-water.
From the results at ϕ=0.1 and Ri=10 for a proportion of 10:90, it is
observed that graphene-Zinc (40.982) has 67.06% and 69.39%
increment of heat transfer rate when compared with graphene-
Copper (24.532) and graphene-Silver (24.193) respectively.
Keywords: Mixed Convection, Graphene, CFD analysis, Square
cavity, Nanofluids

155
 Paper ID: 32
Selective depolymerization of waste biomass into bio-
based platform chemicals using sustainable carbon
materials
Uplabdhi Tyagi1 and Neeru Anand2*

E
1Uplabdhi Tyagi, Ph.D Scholar, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New

Delhi-110078.

N
2*Neeru Anand, Associate Professor, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Dwarka,

New Delhi-110078

E *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: neeruanand@ipu.ac.in

R Abstract
Escalating energy demand, depletion of fossil fuels, and abnormal climate
G change are the major problems facing humankind in the 21st century. Non-
renewable fossil fuels (coal, crude oil, and natural gas) currently provide more
Y than 90% of our energy needs. Nevertheless, the surplus consumption of fossil
fuels is the primary reason for increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 and hence,
global warming, a major threat to all living organisms. The utilization of
renewable energy source i.e. lignocellulosic biomass as alternative to fossil
fuels is one of the promising solutions for a more sustainable society. The
valorization of biomass (an abundant non-fossil carbon source) has the ability
to provide a wide range of valuable functionalized chemicals and high-energy
density fuels. Hence, the efficient valorization of biomass via catalytic
upgradation could not only provide useful fuels and chemicals, but also assist
to reduce the net emissions of CO2 by an interplay chemistry of biorefinery
processes. The catalytic upgradation of biomass converts non-edible
lignocellulosic biomass into two valuable fractions (i) lignin-based phenolic
compounds and (ii) hemicellulose Pulp. It was observed that, fine-tuning the
particle morphology of a carbon catalyst can optimize the electronic and
geometrical properties at the catalyst surface. Shape controlled carbon catalyst
can preferentially expose large amount of surface-active crystal, acets. As a
result, the interactions between the active sites and the reactive species could
be enhanced, which is a key driving force for obtaining improved reaction rates
in biomass valorization. In addition to particle size and morphology, controlling
the porosity of carbon catalyst is also indispensable for improving catalyst
activity and product yield. The pore dimensions of catalyst can directly
influence the diffusion properties of reactive species during biomass
conversion reactions. Moreover, the use of well-defined porous materials as
catalyst supports can provide specific adsorption sites for stabilizing catalytic
active phases. This study provides the sustainable and efficient strategy in
biorefinery for the valorization of lignin, since it is the only scalable and
renewable feedstock for the production of aromatic chemicals. Also,
depolymerization of biomass using carbon catalyst can facilitate two valuable
separated fractions: (i) lignin oil containing high-value phenolic compounds and
(ii) valorizable solid carbohydrate pulp. The synthesized catalyst can be
efficiently recovered from the reaction mixture using solvents without affecting
the catalyst activity and selectivity. This comprehensive study also provides
useful insights for the design of advanced porous and carbon catalyst with
versatile characteristics to support a viable biorefinery.
Keywords: Waste biomass, Carbon materials, Depolymerization, Platform
chemicals

156
Paper ID: 33
Multi-Dimensional Feasibility Study of Small Hydro
Plant: A Case Study
Priyabrata Adhikary1*, Syed Azzaam Ahmed2, Anees Ahmed H F3, Shamroz
Ahmed4, Susmita Adhikary5
1-4New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

E
5Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology (MSIT), Kolkata, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

Abstract
N
This study describes a practical and simple method for determining E
the optimal size of small hydro systems for green energy applications R
at the conceptual design stage. The method suggested in the
research is based on the use of the software tool RET Screen widely G
used for pre-feasibility or feasibility studies. The software is a
convenient and relatively accurate tool for evaluating the feasibility of
Y
renewable systems. By using the features of this software, which can
evaluate renewable technologies, this research provides a
methodology to find the optimal design parameters for a green
energy technology in the conceptual design of renewable energy
systems. This study presents case studies on the optimal sizing of a
small hydro (renewable system) for green power generation
applicable for rural applications.
Keywords: Turbo machine, RET Screen, Green Energy, Renewable
Energy, Hydro Turbine

157
 Paper ID: 34
Multi-Dimensional Feasibility Study of Wind Power
Plant: A Case Study
Priyabrata Adhikary1*, Anees Ahmed H F2, Syed Azzaam Ahmed3, Shamroz
Ahmed4, Susmita Adhikary5
1-4New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

E 5Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology (MSIT), Kolkata, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

N
Abstract
E This study describes a practical and simple method for determining
R the optimal size of wind power systems for green energy applications

G
at the conceptual design stage. The method suggested in the
research is based on the use of the software tool RET Screen widely
Y used for pre-feasibility or feasibility studies. The software is a
convenient and relatively accurate tool for evaluating the feasibility of
renewable systems. By using the features of this software, which can
evaluate renewable technologies, this research provides a
methodology to find the optimal design parameters for a green
energy technology in the conceptual design of renewable energy
systems. This study presents case studies on the optimal sizing of a
wind power (renewable system) for green power generation
applicable for rural applications.
Keywords: Turbo machine, RET Screen, Wind Turbine, Renewable
Energy, Green Power

158
Paper ID: 35
Multi-Dimensional Feasibility Study of PV Solar Plant:
A Case Study
Priyabrata Adhikary1*, Shamroz Ahmed2, Syed Azzaam Ahmed3,
Anees Ahmed H F4 and Susmita Adhikary5
1-4New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

E
5Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology (MSIT), Kolkata, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

Abstract
N
This study describes a practical and simple method for determining
E
the optimal size of PV Solar Power systems for green energy R
applications at the conceptual design stage. The method suggested
in the research is based on the use of the software tool RETScreen G
widely used for pre-feasibility or feasibility studies. The software is a
convenient and relatively accurate tool for evaluating the feasibility of
Y
renewable systems. By using the features of this software, which can
evaluate renewable technologies, this research provides a
methodology to find the optimal design parameters for a green
energy technology in the conceptual design of renewable energy
systems. This study presents case studies on the optimal sizing of a
PV Solar Power (renewable system) for green energy generation
applicable for rural applications.
Keywords: PV Solar, Green Energy, Renewable Energy, RET
Screen, Solar Power

159
 Paper ID: 44
Sliding Mode Control in MPPT Photovoltaic System
Dr.M.S.Sivagama Sundari1* and D.Periyasamy2
1Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Amrita College of Engineering and

Technology, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India

2Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Imayam College of Engineering,Trichy,

E
TamilNadu, India
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: mssivagamasundari@gmail.com

N Abstract
E In this paper, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for
R photovoltaic framework utilizing sliding mode control scheme (SMC)
in standalone configuration is proposed. The objective of this
G regulator is to accomplish an ideal MPP activity without the need of
environmental conditions estimations and to improve the productivity
Y of the PV power framework. The proposed regulator conquers the
force swaying around the working point which shows up in most
actualized MPPT procedures. The proposed MPPT regulator utilizing
SMC has been created so that the sliding surface is set to be the
MPP condition, so the working point unites to the ideal working point.
The SMC procedure is utilized to address the power quality issues.
Simulation and experimental outcomes demonstrate the proposed
regulator improves the proficiency of the framework by decreasing
the THD and builds the strength of the framework against
vulnerabilities.
Keywords: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Sliding Mode
Control (SMC), Photovoltaic (PV).

160
Paper ID: 45
Impact of Graphene Nanoparticles Addition to
Jatropha Biodiesel Blend on the Performance and
Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine
D. Mallikarjuna Rao1*, Janga Venkata SomiReddy2, V. Dhana Raju3, Syed Arifa4
1-4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of

Engineering, E
Mylavaram, Andhra Pradesh.
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: malliaug01@gmail.com N
Abstract E
The proposed experimental work mainly focuses on the effects of R
G
graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) addition to jatropha seed methyl
ester-diesel blended fuel (JSME20-20% jatropha methyl ester + 80%
diesel) to explore the performance and emission characteristics. The Y
GNPs are added at different concentrations like 25, 50, 75, and 100
parts per million (PPM) to JSME20 with the use of an ultrasonicator.
The physicochemical properties of all the prepared fuel blends are
evaluated as per ASTM standards and compared with diesel. The
results revealed that significant enhancement in Brake Thermal
Efficiency (BTE) and greater reduction in Brake Specific Fuel
Consumption (BSFC) for the JSME20 with 50 PPM addition of
grapheme nanoparticles. Further, the harmful exhaust emissions like
NOX, CO, HC, and smoke are reduced at all load conditions for the
graphene nanoparticles added JSME20 than JSME 20. The use of
nanoparticles to the jatropha biodiesel mix is suggested for future
diesel engine applications.
Keywords: Jatropha methyl ester, Transesterification, Graphene
nanoparticles, Diesel engine, Engine performance, Engine
emissions.

161
 Paper ID: 73
Numerical Investigation on the Thermal Management
of 18650 battery module using Phase change Material
Priya Chaudhary1* and Abhik Majumder 2
1,2 National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura 799046 India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyame.stud@nita.ac.in, onlyabhik@gmail.com

E
Abstract
N Lithium-ion batteries are very popular as an energy storage system
E for electric vehicles. Efficient heat transfer and overall thermal
management of Lithium-ion battery is very essential for optimum
R performance. During charging and discharging cycles of the battery,
G considerable heat is produced which requires rapid diffusion. Use of
phase change material as a medium of such heat transfer exhibit
Y considerable potential. However, there exists a large variation in
thermophysical properties of the phase change materials, particularly
organic PCM. It is very important to understand, transient heat
transfer characteristics of these PCM in a single battery cell. A critical
review of the available literature suggest a gap in addressing the
above issues under different discharge rates. In order to resolve this
issue numerical analysis of a single li-ion battery cell is performed in
the present work. In the current work variations in current density and
temperature is studied to understand the heat transfer process with
the variations in thermophysical properties of phase change material.
The result exhibit considerable variations in temperature with
changing discharge rate. In addition to this, a comparative study is
also performed to understand the final temperature rise in the battery
at different discharge rates with and without PCM. The current work
provides a good insight of the temperature characteristic for efficient
thermal management of li-ion battery
Keywords: Heat transfer, Thermal management, Phase transition,
Li-ion battery

162
Paper ID: 76
MPC based Power Quality Solution using Energy
Storage Technology for PV based Islanded Microgrids
M.Jayachandran1* and G. Ravi2
Puducherry Technological University, Puducherry – 605 014, India
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: jayachandran.escet@pec.edu

Abstract
E
Photovoltaic (PV) power fluctuation, voltage unbalance, voltage N
harmonic distortion, and harmonic current sharing are primary E
concerns of power quality problems in PV based distributed
generators (DGs) in an isolated microgrid system. For resolving R
these issues, this paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC)
methodology for the battery management system (BMS) to smooth
G
the PV power fluctuation, maintain the stable DC-link voltage, and Y
manage the power balance within the microgrid. In addition to DG
control, autonomous control strategy for parallel inverters is also
developed to ensure the stable output AC voltage and proper load
sharing. Specifically, prediction-based voltage unbalance and
harmonic compensation (VUHC) controller is proposed in the
secondary level of hierarchical control to enhance the power quality
in microgrids. The proposed compensation method reduces
circulating currents among the parallel-connected inverters and
provides quality power to loads. The effectiveness of this power
control strategy is carried out by simulation under mismatched
distribution feeder with nonlinear/unbalanced load conditions.
Keywords: Distributed generator, energy storage, microgrid, model
predictive control, power quality and sharing.

163
 Paper ID: 79
Biogeography-based Centralized PID Controller for
ALFC in Presence of Wind Farms
E. Sri Lalitha1*, A.M.S.V.Sushma2 , G.Pavan Kumar3 and Ch.Durga Prasad4
1-4 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRKR Engineering

College, India
E *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: lalithasrierinena1997@gmail.com

N Abstract

E Centralized PID control scheme is applied for isolated power system

integrated with droop and inertia controlled wind farm through HVDC
R transmission link. Optimal control parameter gains of PID controller
G are set by using biogeography based optimization (BBO) algorithm
with the help of integral square error (ISE) measurement. This
Y scheme supervise all plants secondary control action to minimize the
frequency oscillations caused by load changes. Comparisons are
provided with optimal PI controller shows the superiority of the
proposed scheme.
Keywords: Droop control, PID controller, BBO.

164
Paper ID: 83
Performance Analysis of HAWT: A Case Study
Ravi Kumar M1, Dr M S Ganesha Prasad2, Dr Priyabrata Adhikary3 and
Sonic Somanna P K4
1-4New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

Abstract E
The need of HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine) plant schemes N
and availability of HAWT project potential sites makes us to work
towards designing and performance analysis of HAWT for the rural E
population electrification program. The aim of this paper is to study R
the flow and performance characteristics of the HAWT using CFD-
Tools. A 3D-CFD steady state flow simulation has been performed G
using DSS Solid-works Flow Simulation. Simulations were carried
out using standard K-epsilon turbulence model. The velocity and
Y
pressure distribution of the HAWT were analyzed. In general, the
simulation using CFD-Tool is very important to show the turbulence,
velocity and pressure distribution of flow in case of HAWT. Good
agreement was obtained between simulation results and project /
manufacturer data.
Keywords: Renewable Energy CFD, HAWT, Wind Energy,
Turbomachine

165
 Paper ID: 84
Performance Analysis of Food Dryer (Microwave Oven
Type): A Case Study
Ravi Kumar M1, Dr M S Ganesha Prasad2, Dr Priyabrata Adhikary3 and
Vadeeswaran D4
1-4New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India*Corresponding Author E-

E Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

N Abstract

E The magnitude of surface heat and mass transfer coefficients in Food

Dryer (microwave ovens) is important to control food surface
R temperature and moisture and are a result of the faint airflow present
G in the system cavity and of surface radiation. Magnitude and patterns
of airflow inside a Food Dryer (microwave ovens) and the resulting
Y surface heat transfer coefficients were studied using a computational
fluid dynamics model of the process. The governing Navier–Stokes
and energy equations were solved for convection. The magnitude
and distribution of surface heat transfer coefficients on the food
surface were computed for a 3-D Food Dryer (microwave ovens)
cavity with one inlet and one outlet. Good agreement was obtained
between simulation results and project / manufacturer data.
Keywords: Food Dryer, CFD, Thermal Engineering, Heat and Mass
Transfer, Fluid Mechanics

166
Paper ID: 90
Working fluids for ejector refrigeration systems: A
comprehensive review
C. Manimaran1*, A. Sathiamourtty2, A. Selvaraju3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram,

Tamandu, India-605108

E
2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College,

Puducherry, India-605 014

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: cmanimaran2867@gmail.com
N
Abstract E
Huge consumption of electricity produced from fossil fuels prompts
to probe for refrigeration systems that could be operated with
R
renewable energy. In this context heatoperated refrigeration systems G
have become better choice as they eliminate the intermediate
processes in conversion relating to generation of electricity and Y
subsequent higher production costs. Ejector refrigeration system
produces the lowest temperature in comparison with other systems
which belongs to heat-operated systems. Achievement of this low
temperature is attributed to the working fluids employed for
refrigeration. Investigations are being carried out both theoretically
and experimentally by several researchers worldwide to enhance the
performance of the ejector refrigeration system better and control it
with greater efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive review
of working fluids used by various researchers for their theoretical and
experimental investigations.
Keywords: Ejector, working fluids, thermodynamic properties,
performance

167
 Paper ID: 94
Experimental Study on Heat and Mass Exchanger of a
Dew Point Indirect Evaporative Cooler
Deepak C 1*, Rudra Naik2, Prashanth H K3
1-3Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.M.S. College of Engineering,

Bengaluru, India.
E *Corresponding Author E-MailID: deepakc@bmsce.ac.in

N Abstract

E Dew Point Indirect Evaporative Coolers (IEC) are air cooling devices
that cool air without the inclusion of moisture. The work furnished in
R this paper is an experimental study on mixed flow Dew Point IEC.
G With direct evaporative coolers (DEC) it is difficult to reach a
temperature below the wet bulb. The drawbacks of DEC and normal
Y IEC to be solved by replacing them with Dew Point IEC. Heat and
Mass Exchanger (HMX) fabricated using 1mm thick aluminum sheets
and cellulose-rich cotton fabric to absorb water. Acrylic ducts are
attached at the entry and exit of HMX to ensure a fully developed flow
of air. Performance test conducted to study the effect of inlet flow
conditions such as velocity (1 to 2.5 m/s) and temperature (22 to
35°C). Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Cooling Capacity (CC)
are better at higher inlet air temperature and higher flow rate of air. A
similar trend has been observed in Wet bulb effectiveness (WBE) and
Dew point effectiveness (DPE). Maximum COP recorded during
experimentation is 5.3 at a temperature of 35°C with 2.5 m/s inlet air
velocity.
Keywords: Heat and Mass Exchanger, Dew point, Indirect
evaporative cooling, Mixed Flow.

168
Paper ID: 101
Effect of nozzle inclination angle on the performance
of hybrid jet impingement microchannel heat sink
Jyoti Pandey1, Mohd. Zahid Ansari2 and Afzal Husain3
1,2 PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing,

Airport Road, Jabalpur MP 482005, India

E
3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University,

Muscat, Oman
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: 1813602@iiitdmj.ac.in
N
Abstract E
This study proposed an investigation on the performance of the jet
impingement microchannel heat sink infused with cylindrical passive
R
structures called pillars at the centerline of the channel. Array of G
nozzles were designed on the top of the microchannel and pillars
were designed at the centre of two neighboring nozzles. Numerical Y
modelling and simulation of conjugate solid-fluid heat transfer is
performed by using finite volume based commercial Ansys CFX
software. Analysis was done for the effect of nozzle inclination angle
on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics of the hybrid MCHS.
Characteristic parameters such as heat transfer coefficient, thermal
resistance, wall temperature, and pressure drop were observed for
Reynolds number varied from 100-400 and nozzle impingement
angle varied in between 30o -90o . Improvement in heat transfer
occurred with increasing the Re as well as inclination angle. Highest
heat transfer coefficient and lowest bottom wall temperature is
obtained for the 60o nozzle angle. Moreover, with increasing the
inclination angle, pressure drop is reducing but with increasing the
Re, pressure drop is increasing.
Keywords: jet impingement, thermal resistance, microchannel heat
sink.

169
 Paper ID: 102
System Performance Evaluation of Plant Auxiliaries
under different operating condition of a Nuclear Power
plant
Suganya P1* and Swaminathan G2

E
1,2 National institute of technology Tiruchirappalli.
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: suganyaparasuraman@gmail.com

N Abstract
E Plant auxiliaries are highly required to maintain the safe state and
R integrity of the nuclear power plant. They include cooling water,
electricity, compressed air, lubrication systems or other gas systems.
G Failure of the plant auxiliaries disrupts the safe state of the plant and
are the prerequisite for the passive systems to continue in the decay
Y heat removal process. In this article, a brief and obligatory aspect for
studying the performance of plant cooling water system is discussed.
The influence of the system thermal loads on the plant cooling water
system and its effect on the heat exchanger are evaluated. It was
found that the compressed air system and chilled water system
provides the major thermal load to the plant cooling water heat
exchanger. Comparison of different system thermal load on the plant
auxiliaries is studied for minimizing the energy consumption and
optimizing the operation sequence. By optimizing the operation of the
plant auxiliaries, energy conservation of about 15% can be achieved.
The effect of thermal load on the system degradation phenomena
and equipment outages is analyzed. Suitable preventive
maintenance & system surveillance are proposed to improve the
system performance.
Keywords: Cooling Water system, Plant Auxiliaries, Operating
Condition, Performance evaluation, heat exchanger

170
Paper ID: 103
Numerical investigation of swirl flow on heat transfer
enhancement in a stepped pipe
Prince Abraham B1* , Michael Thomas Rex F2 , Samuel Ponraj P3 , Jinshah B S4
1-3Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College,

Kovilpatti, Tamilnadu, 628503, India.

E
4Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Trichy-

620015, India
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: autoabraham@gmail.com
N
Abstract E
Introduction of swirling flow in pipes has significant impact in
convective heat transfer applications. The swirl is induced by various
R
means such as installing guide vanes and swirl generators along the G
pipe. In this work, a numerical study is performed to predict the
influence of the swirl intensity on heat transfer. The numerical Y
analysis is performed using a commercial Computational Fluid
Dynamics package for turbulent flow with a Reynolds number around
3300. The intensity of the swirl component at the inlet of the pipe is
varied from 0 to 5 m/s by having a constant axial component of 0.1
m/s. Moreover, a step is introduced on the inlet of the pipe and its
influence in heat transfer is also investigated. The results revealed
that the heat transfer takes place effectively when the diameter of the
inlet pipe is smaller. However, it is less responsive for the induced
swirl. Conversely, the heat transfer is not as effective as the diameter
of the inlet is more. But it is highly sensitive for the swirl flows and the
heat transfer could be enhanced by swirling flows where the inlet
diameter is relatively high.
Keywords: Heat transfer, swirl flow, axisymmetric swirl, CFD,
numerical simulation

171
 Paper ID: 107
A Review on different Machine Learning Approaches
for Fault Detection and Classification for protection of
Low Voltage Microgrid
Vishwas K Singh1* and Anoop H A2

E
1,2 Assistant Professor, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: vishwasks@vvce.ac.in

N Abstract
E Distributed Generation (DG) has drawn increasing attention recently
R due to its versatility and performance. With the growing demand for
the use of green and dependence for electronic loads, electric cars
G and energy storage systems, DC microgrid has gained more
prominence over the past few years. In order to handle the DG
Y effectively, Microgrid has been adopted because of its ability to
expand the use of DG. Any component in the micro grid may go
wrong, resulting in serious damage. It is crucial to detect fault
disruptions as soon as possible in order to boost the efficiency of the
micro grid. Efficient fault detection and classification of microgrid is
therefore essential to ensure the reliability and safety. Traditional
fault detection and classification schemes rely on line voltage and
current values. This poses a real time problem where the fault current
values are very low. The application of machine learning techniques
for such fault detection is a relatively new approach in dealing with
the problem. It is observed that few machine learning approaches
such as SVM, DNN, random forest are applied in literature to fault
detection and classification. These approaches are used on specific
systems. This paper presents an aggregated overview of different
machine learning approaches about fault detection, classification for
protection for DC Microgrids.
Keywords: DC Microgrid, Fault Classification, Machine Learning
Approach, Renewable Energy

172
Paper ID: 108
Rooftop PV Solar System Performance Analysis: A
Case Study
Ravi Kumar M1, Dr. M S Ganesha Prasad2, Dr.Priyabrata Adhikary3*, Shanmuga
Saravana4
1-4New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: priyabrata24@gmail.com

E
Abstract N
Electricity is an essential part of our way of life. Most of the electricity
is currently provided from the conventional thermal or hydro power
E
stations. With the growing concern about the GHG emission and R
other environmental issues the renewable energy technologies such
as PV Solar cells are increasingly being recommended for electricity G
production. In this paper, the simulation of a Rooftop PV solar
photovoltaic system is presented with the use of the computer
Y
software package PV-SYST and their performance was evaluated.
The performance ratio and the various types of power losses
(temperature, internal network, power electronics) are calculated.
Good agreement was obtained between simulation results and
project / manufacturer data.
Keywords: PV Solar, Renewable Energy, PVSyst, Solar Energy

173
 Paper ID: 109
An Integrated approach using DEMATEL, ENTROPY
and TOPSIS MCDM Methods for a Green Supplier
Selection problem
A.V.A. R Durga Rao1*, A.K. Chaitanya2, T. Seshaiah3, P. Bridjesh4 and K.

E
Sivakrishna5
1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Potti Sriramulu College of Engineering

N and Technology, Vijayawada, A.P, India

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, QIS College of Engineering and

E Technology, Ongole, A.P, India.

4MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.

R
5Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology and Science, Vadlamudi, A.P, India.

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: seshaiah.t@qiscet.edu.in

G Abstract
Y With developing overall attention of environmental protection, green
production has turned into a vital issue for practically every
manufacturer and will determine the sustainability of a manufacturer
in the long term. A performance evaluation system for green
suppliers is important to determine the suitability of suppliers to
collaborate with the firm. Many MCDM methods have provided
valuable factors in selection of green suppliers. The objective of this
work is to evaluate a Hybrid Algorithm for evaluating the importance
of the selected criteria and the performance of green suppliers. Six
criteria are taken into consideration for evaluating supplier’s
performance that is cost, quality, technology, resource consumption,
pollution production and management commitment. By using
DEMATEL approach will be able to identify the cause-and-effect
relationship between criteria. ENTROPY is used to determine the
relative criteria weights and TOPSIS is used to rank the alternatives.
Keywords - Green supplier selection; Multi criteria decision making;
Dematel; Entropy; Topsis.

174
Paper ID: 110
Testing the Engine Performance with Cotton seed oil
Biodiesel
Senthilkumar G.1*, Lakshmi Sankar S2 and Purusothaman M3.
1,2,3 Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: Tosenthilgs79@gmail.com

Abstract
E
This present experimental investigation is intended to illustrate the N
significance of the biodiesel derived from Cotton seed oil (CSO) with E
1% Di Hydroxy Fatty Acid (DHFA) as an additive in the fuel samples
on the performance and emission studies on the Variable R
Compression ratio (VCR) engine in comparison with complete diesel
fuel on the environmental pollution issues. The different fuel
G
combinations tested were pure diesel, B5, B10, B10, B15, B20 and Y
B25. The experiments were conducted on a single cylinder, 4 stroke
diesel engines with compression ratio 17.5. From the experimental
evidence, there was an increase in 14.6 % thermal efficiency, 6 %
brake power and lower exhaust gas temperature for VCR fueled with
CSO as compared to diesel in the aspects of performance study.
Keywords: Variable Compression Ratio, Cotton seed oil, Thermal
Efficiency

175
 Paper ID: 114
Prediction of Unburnt Carbon in Pulverized Coal Fired
High-Capacity Boilers Using Response Surface
Methodology and Artificial Neural Network
Arun M1*, N Anantharaman2, Sathiya Prabhakaran S. P3

E
1Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

1,2,3National institute of technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

N *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: arun.m@bhel.in

E Abstract

R Pulverized coal power plants account for about 97% of the world's
coal-fired units. Pulverized coal fired boilers are predominantly
G known for their high capacity and efficiency in combustion. Unburnt
carbon significantly contributes to decrease in combustion efficiency
Y in a boiler and also to the loss of economy in operations.
Heterogeneous nature of the coal composition adds to the complexity
while developing a model to predict the unburnt carbon in ash. The
Indian coal is highly inorganic in nature and this makes it a
prerequisite to develop a universal model which can predict the
percentage of unburnt carbon in ash, leading to the effective
utilization of coal. The presence of unburnt carbon in ash is
influenced by many factors such as fuel ratio (FC/VM), Ash content,
Calorific value of the coal, Air flow, Burner tilt, Residence time etc. In
the present study, data collected from 69 power plants, which employ
pulverized coal firing, is used to develop a correlation to predict the
percentage of unburnt carbon. It was found through Response
Surface Methodology (RSM), by performing multi-linear regression,
that the gross calorific value, ash content and fuel ratio had a fifth
order relationship with the percentage of unburnt carbon with a high
correlation coefficient of 0.98. An Artificial neural network (ANN)
model using levenberg marquardt algorithm was also developed to
validate the data collected and it gave an R2 value of 0.99 and the
relative error of 0.0071%, which proves the modeling is good for the
prediction. Both RSM and ANN tools proved that the real time data
and the predicted data are mutually agreeable. This method shall be
useful for predicting and deriving the solution to achieve the lowest
possible carbon loss.
Keywords: Unburnt carbon, Response surface methodology,
Artificial neural network

176
Paper ID: 115
A study on the combustion characteristics of dieseline
blend in HCCI engines
P.S.Srivathsan1, Praveen Ramanujam2, K.Prasanth3 and S.Soma Sundaram4*
1Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne.

2Department of Mechanical engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology

E
3Design Engineer, Hivec Rhino Tech.Pvt.Ltd.

4Faculty on Contract, NIT Puducherry. Karaikal.

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: sundaram.valli.somasundaram@gmail.com

N
Abstract E
A Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study has been carried out to
analyse the performance of gasoline and diesel blends under
R
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine G
conditions. A sector model of 60° has been implemented to capture
the in-cylinder combustion process. Effect of air-fuel ratio (50, 55, 60, Y
70 and 80) and various gasoline contents (50%, 60%, 70% and 80%)
on the combustion characteristics of the engine operating under
HCCI engine conditions have been studied. CFD results predicted
using the tool Star-CD has been validated with the measured
experimental values available in the literature. Progress variable
model multi fuel (PVM-MF) has been implemented as the combustion
model. The pressure and temperature curves obtained from the
simulation results are presented. From the results, it can be seen that
the gasoline content and air fuel ratio are inversely proportional. High
gasoline content cases show that the air-fuel ratio must be
maintained low in order to obtain combustion of the charge itself.
Lower gasoline content portrays that the engine can be operated
under lean conditions and their behavior is similar to a current diesel
operation.
Keywords: Numerical simulation, Diesel Gasoline blend,
Homogeneous Charge Combustion Ignition, Air fuel ratio,
Combustion.

177
 Paper ID: 117
Comparative analysis of Transformer less Bi-
Directional DC-DC Converter and Conventional
Converter for Battery Charging Discharging
Applications
E Radhika Swarnkar 1 and HariKrishnan R.2*
1,2 Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International Deemed

N University (SIDU), Pune-412115, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: rhareish@gmail.com
E
Abstract
R
In this paper, comparison of transformer less bi-directional dc-dc
G converter with conventional buck-boost converter topology is done.

Y BDC has many advantages such as power flow in both directions,

high gain, high efficiency, simple circuit structure, reduced switching
components, with wide voltage range, reduced switching loss due to
zero voltage switching, reduce voltage stress and reduced size. Bi-
directional converters are of different topologies and are used for
different applications based on their features. Isolated converters are
bulky and are of large size due to high frequency transformer,
therefore they are useful for static energy storage applications
whereas transformer less BDC are lightweight and convenient for
dynamic applications like Electric Vehicle. BDC with energy storage
devices are used for frequent start –stop of motors and electric
vehicles. BDC are also helpful in energy transfer between two dc
buses of different voltage level. Transformer less converter topology
is compared with traditional converter topology which are simulated
in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Keywords: Bi-directional dc-dc converter, Uninterrupted power
supply, Energy Reservoir Unit, DC Microgrid.

178
Paper ID: 118
Effect of nanoparticles as fuel catalyst on the
performance and emission characteristics of the diesel
engine powered with mango seed biodiesel blend
S.Rami Reddy 1&2, G.Murali 3* and V.Dhana Raju4*
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522 502, India
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of
E
Engineering, Mylavaram 521230, India
3Department
N
of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522 502, India, E
4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of

Engineering, Mylavaram 521230, India, R

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: muralinitt@gmail.com,dhanaraju.v@lbrce.ac.in.
G
Abstract
Y
India being a predominantly agricultural country requires major
attention for the fulfilment of energy demands for agriculture
applications. Biodiesel is a clean burning renewable fuel. In this
proposed work, mango seed biodiesel is extracted from the waste
mango seeds through transesterification process. The thermo
physical properties are evaluated as per ASTM standards and
compared with the diesel fuel. Base tests are conducted with diesel
and different blends of mango seed biodiesel blends and from the
base test results, it is found MSME20 is shown better performance
parameters. In order to improve the engine performance further,
aluminium oxide nanoparticles are added to MSME20 at two
concentrations like 100ppm and 200 ppm. Test results revealed that
200 ppm addition of Al2O3 to the MSME20 is shown significant
enhancement of 1.39% brake thermal efficiency and considerable
reductions of HC and CO emissions by 35.48% and 13% respectively
at full load. However, slight increment in NOX emissions at full load.
Hence, the nanoparticles dispersed MSME20 biodiesel blend could
be seriously considered as a potential alternative to diesel that can
effectively address global energy crisis as well as ensure
environmental conservation.
Keywords: Mango seed Methyl ester; nanoparticles; Performance;
Emissions; Combustion.

179
 Paper ID: 126
Comparative Enviro-Economic Analysis of transparent
water heating systems and conventional systems
Kirti Tewari1*, Rahul Dev2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Sikkim, Ravangla, South
Sikkim737139, India.
E 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, MNNIT Allahabad-211004, Uttar
Pradesh, India.
N *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: kirti@nitsikkim.ac.in

E Abstract

R A comparative study of thermocole-FRP insulated domestic solar

water heating system (TDSWHS) with the conventional water heating
G system (Flat plate collector (FPC)) and recently developed MDSWH
Y with PV module has been carried out. TDSWHS is a water heater,
efficiently utilizes the solar radiation falling on the solar collector as
well as on storage tank for heating of water. Results satisfactorily
proved the TDSWHS to be better than the conventional system. It
provides water temperatures 19°C higher than FPC of the same
capacity and under same environmental conditions with 43.5%
reduced floor area demand. It has been found to be 27.1% cheaper
than MDSWH with photovoltaic (PV) module. Annual energy and
exergy gain of 836.83 kWh and 100.3kWh respectively has been
obtained for the year 2017. Earned carbon credit has been found to
be Rs. 24,964 (371.27 US $) and Rs. 998.06 (44.58 US $) in terms
of energy and exergy respectively for TDSWHS.
Keywords: Enviroeconomic analysis; Solar water heater;
Transparent insulating material

180
Paper ID: 146
Harvesting electric energy from waste vibrations of an
electric motor using the piezoelectric principle
Nitin Yadav1* and Rajesh Kumar2
1&2Precision Metrology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sant

Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal -148106, India

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: nitin_pme1803@sliet.ac.in
E
Abstract N
Continuously increased requirement of electricity because of
population, higher living standards, and the human race in
E
automation directs the world to use the waste and non-conventional R
sources of energy. In the present work, unwanted vibrations from an
electric motor are used to generate electric power with the help of the G
piezoelectric element. Piezoelectric is a special class of dielectric
which generate electric power because of their structural deformation
Y
under force and vibration. So, the piezoelectric material (PZT) is
mounted between the electric motor base and foundation. The output
of the piezoelectric element is measured under three different
conditions of a motor such as (a) idle running (b) loaded with a grain
grinding machine, and (c) loaded with a chaff cutter machine. The
maximum power generated from diaphragm type single piece
piezoelectric was 48.06µW when connected to a chaff cutter. To
increase power output, two-pieces of piezoelectric elements are
connected. The power output obtained from two piezoelectric
materials connected in series and parallel is 102.96 µW and 151.81
µW respectively. Further, the effect of connection is also studied in
laboratory conditions. Results are comparable with field experiments.
The electric power generated from waste vibrations is sufficient to
operate small electronic and mems devices. The proposed technique
can be for big electric motors and machines in an industrial area with
more efficient piezoelectric materials.
Keywords: vibration, electric motor, piezoelectric, energy harvesting

181
 Paper ID: 148
Thermal decomposition kinetics of medical non-woven
fabrics wastes: model-fitting method
Uthayakumar A1 and Anand Ramanathan*2
1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology,

Tiruchirappalli, India.
E *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: anandachu@nitt.edu

N Abstract

E This research is possibly attempting the current issue of COVID'19

medical waste safe disposal and energy recovery from pathogenic
R waste. Non-woven fabric waste generation increased in pandemic
G situations, which need to dispose of safely; meanwhile, energy
recovery also important. Pyrolysis is an economical and harmless
Y way to handle and efficiently convert infectious waste into fuel and
chemicals. The chemical kinetic model for the infectious medical
waste pyrolysis process developed using thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA) data. The ASTM D3172 proximate analysis determines
volatile matter, moisture, ash, and fixed carbon percent-ages. Bomb
calorimeter used to determine the exact calorific value of solid
infectious medical waste. The proximate and calorimetric
investigations show non-woven fabric waste has 35.8 MJ/kg heating
values and more than 98.5 weight percentage of volatile matters. The
chemical kinetic study focuses on the identification of the reaction
model for the non-woven fabric pyrolysis process. It can conclude
that this infectious medical waste can become a useful source of
energy, chemicals, and fuels.
Keywords: Non-woven fabrics, medical waste to energy, pyrolysis,
reaction kinetics, activation energy

182
Paper ID: 164
Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicle
Battery Cooling Modules
Gudapati Kartheek1, Kalyanam Yadagiri 2, Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju 3,
Sendhil Kumar Natarajan4*
1,2, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology

Puducherry, Karaikal, UT of Puducherry, India – 609609.

3,4 Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National E
Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, UT of Puducherry, India – 609609
N
Abstract E
The two major requirements of the battery pack in an electric vehicle
are high power density and low weight. The high temperatures
R
developed in the battery pack effect the performance, energy G
storage, durability, reliability, safety and lifespan of batteries.
Therefore, thermal management of the battery system is critical for Y
the better performance of electric vehicles. The objective of this study
is to analyse the temperature distribution and pressure drop using
three channel novel design in the EV battery cooling module. This
work presents a computational analysis approach to characterize the
temperature distribution and pressure drop using nanofluids flowing
in the corrugated mini-channel of the EV battery cooling module. The
best cooling performance of the proposed module is obtained with
novel design and showed better performance as compared with the
conventional cooling module. The present approach from this study
can be able to optimize the battery thermal management system for
an electric vehicle with an appropriate temperature range.

Keywords: Electric vehicle battery; Thermal management system;

Battery packs; Cooling system; computational fluid dynamics.

183
 Paper ID: 167
Novel Solar Desalination System Using Ultraviolet Disinfection
and Water Pasteurization
Shane Alex1, Sreerag A 2, Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju 3, Sendhil Kumar
Natarajan4*
1,2, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology

E Puducherry, Karaikal, UT of Puducherry, India – 609609.

3,4 Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National

N Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, UT of Puducherry, India – 609609

E Abstract

R The scarcity of freshwater is increasing day by day with the increase

in population, rapid industrialization and limited freshwater sources
G in nature. Contemplating the abundance of solar energy across the
globe, desalination through solar energy is preferred for desalinating
Y the available saline/brackish water. The solar desalination units are
also advantageous when compared to other desalination methods in
which the units can be installed at a required place to decrease the
cost of potable water transportation. In the current study, the novel
solar desalination system is designed and developed for the
seawater desalination. Reverse Osmosis Purification, Solar Water
Pasteurization and Ultra Violet Disinfection purification methods have
been primarily considered and integrated into the current
desalination system. The system has also been designed to function
when sunlight is absent due to varying weather and day time
conditions by using energy storage techniques and alternate
disinfection techniques. The current solar desalination system is
viable and sustainable when compared to existing solar thermal
desalination processes in terms of easy accessibility, reliability and
productivity.
Keywords: Solar; Desalination; Pasteurization; UV disinfection;
Reverse Osmosis

184
Paper ID: 172
Exergy analysis of R1234yf and R1234ze as an
alternative to R134a in a domestic refrigeration system
Guna M1*, S. Soma Sundaram2 and Palani P K3
1,2Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology

Puducherry Karaikal,India

E
3Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Technology

Coimbatore,India *Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: guna.acengg@gmail.com

Abstract
N
A computational model based on the exergy destruction using E
Engineering Equation Solver (EES) is developed to analyse the R
exergy losses in the evaporator, condenser, compressor and the
expansion valve of the system for the refrigerant R134a and its G
alternatives: R600a, R290, R1234yf, and R1234ze. Coefficient of
performance, refrigeration effect, work input requirement, total
Y
exergy loss, and exergy loss in each component of the system for the
various range of condensing and evaporator temperatures are
evaluated for optimization of the operating range for a particular
alternate refrigerant. The results inferred that R600a, R290, R1234yf,
and R1234ze refrigerants in comparison to R134a performs well for
domestic residential applications within evaporator temperature
(263-293 K) and condenser temperature (303-323 K).Although the
performance parameters for R1234yf and R1234ze fall short than
that of R134a as per the first law of thermodynamics, its eco-friendly
properties, low exergy loss for lower capacity refrigeration system
such as domestic refrigeration system, and lower work input
requirement offset the gap and make it a suitable alternative for
R134a.
Keywords: Vapor Compression Refrigeration System, Exergy
Analysis, Alternate Refrigerants, Coefficient of Performance,
Irreversibility, Second law of thermodynamics.

185
 Paper ID: 173
Refused derived fuel for cement manufacturing and
used as green concrete applications
Kamaldev M1 and Dr. Biju V.M2
1UltraTech Cement Limited, Tamil Nadu, India

2Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil

E Nadu, India
mkamaldev43@gmail.com
N
Abstract
E Municipal solid waste management is global issue as the generation
R rate is peaking due to industrialization and globalization. Municipal

G
solid waste being highly heterogeneous in nature makes it more
difficult to dispose as received. On the other hand, green concrete
Y applications are rooting the future construction industry. In order to
incorporate both a novel method was devised to segregate municipal
solid waste management and its disposal in green concrete as well
as alternative fuel. Circular economy technologies play a vital role in
sustainable solution which empower carbon economy. Municipal
solid waste was collected from two different scrapyards of Tamilnadu
and analytically investigated using advanced analytical techniques
like ICP-OES/MS to investigate its material composition. It was found
that segregation using rotating trammel not only increased calorific
value of the end fuel but also provided with a alternate raw material
which can be used as a aggregate for green concerted applications.
The calorific value of RDF as received was 2399 and 2908 kcal/kg.
The heterogonous RDF was segregated based on material wise
combustible like plastics, cloth wood, muck etc.). Upon segregation,
plastic waste had high calorific value 5814 and 4664 kg/kcal
respectively. Chloride content is a critical parameter in cement kilns
and through segregation there was minor reduction from 0.95 to 0.8
%. Overall proximate and ultimate also improved upon screening.
The solid coarse aggregates left after screening were rich in metal
oxides like SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO etc. which are good composition
for any coarse aggregate in green concrete application.
Keyword: Circular economy, reduced derived fuel, green concrete,
alternate fuel, alternate raw material.

186
Paper ID: 177
Role of Time Dependent Decay Heat on Freezing of Nuclear
Fuel Droplet During a Severe Accident in a Sodium Cooled
Fast Reactor
M. Chandra Kumar1*, A. Jasmin Sudha2, D. Ponraju2 and S. Athmalingam2
1HBNI, IGCAR Campus, Kalpakkam 603 102, INDIA

2SQRMG, Indira Gandhi Centre For Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, INDIA

*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: kumarchandra91@gmail.com

E
Abstract
N
In sodium cooled fast reactors the nuclear fuel pellets are stacked inside
E
stainless steel clad tubes constituting the fuel pins which are arranged
inside fuel subassembly. During normal operating conditions, the nuclear
R
fuel does not come in direct contact with liquid sodium. Under accidental G
conditions, however, the SS clad breach is possible and high temperature
molten fuel issues out of the fuel pin making contact with liquid sodium. This Y
thermal interaction is termed Molten Fuel Coolant Interaction (MFCI).
During MFCI, the nuclear fuel drop gets fragmented and quenched in liquid
sodium. The reactor is shut down following the accident by fast acting shut
down systems and nuclear fission chain reaction is stopped. But radioactive
fission nuclides continue to generate heat due to radioactive decay which
is a spontaneous process. In the present heat transfer analysis, transient
heat conduction with solidification is addressed including decay heat power.
Heat transfer coefficient is defined at the drop surface. The computations
are carried out using FLUENT code and a user defined function is
developed and hooked into the analysis to take care of the time dependent
decay power. Decay heat generation rate (HG) is modeled as a decreasing
function of time (t).

𝐻𝐺 = 100𝑡 −0.31 𝑀𝑊/𝑚2

The liquid volume fraction, surface temperature and maximum temperature

inside the droplet were evaluated with respect to time. For droplet diameter
varying between 0.5 mm to 10 mm, the computed solidification time varies
from 0.02 s to 6.4 s. The analysis was repeated without considering the
decay heat. A comparison is made between the solidification time obtained
with and without decay heat and a difference of 1% is observed. The reason
is attributed to the small size of the drop and the excellent heat transfer
properties of liquid sodium. But the temperature observed at droplet centre
at the end of the transience showed a variation of 5%.

Keywords: Molten Fuel Coolant Interaction, solidification time, decay

power, internal heat generation

187
 Paper ID: 178
Enhancement of natural convection heat transfer in
cylindrical enclosure with internal heat source
Sarthak Gautam1, Mohd Juned khan2, Areeb khan3, Vivek Sharma4, Fahad Farid5,
Anil Kumar Sharma6*
1-6Department of Mechanical Engineering,

E Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110 025
*Corresponding Author E-Mail ID: asharma1@jmi.ac.in
N
Abstract
E
Natural convection heat transfer has been a subject of intensive
R research during the past decades due to its wide applications, such

G as in cooling of electronic equipment, aircraft cabin insulation,

heating and ventilation control in building design and also in cooling
Y of nuclear reactors. The present study deals with enhancement of
natural convection in a cylindrical enclosure with internal heat source.
The fluids of two different Prandtl numbers (air and liquid sodium) are
studied in laminar regime. The solution of the governing equations is
carried out using Fluent 4.3.16 CFD solver, which uses finite volume
method to discretize the governing equations. The detailed heat
transfer and flow characteristics are investigated in five different
chimney configurations. The use of chimney enhances the rate of
heat transfer from the source. For air, any plate which has at least
one opening in it can be selected to maximise the heat removal from
the pl-ate. However, for liquid sodium, the funnel chimney
configuration gives the best results to maximise heat transfer rate.
Keywords: natural convection, low Prandtl fluid, chimney, finite
volume

188
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