POWER

TRANSMISSION
Four basic functions of transmission
systems are:

1. Select speed ratios for various travel speeds

2.Reverses the travel of the machine
3.To connect and disconnect power
4.Equalizes power to the drive wheels for
turning
Five basic components of the power
transmission are :

i. Clutch – to connect and disconnect power

ii. Gearbox system – to select speed and direction
iii.Differential – to equalize power for turning
iv. Final drive – to reduce speed and increase torque to axle
v. Drive wheels – to propel the machine

“Torque” - The effort of twisting or turning

 The Clutch
Provides meaning of connecting and
disconnecting the engine from its load while
starting, shifting or idling

a) Dry clutch – standard clutch

b)Hydraulic clutch – operates wet in a

transmission fluid and engaged or disengaged
hydraulically
 Dry Clutch
• The clutch operates by friction; the disks and
plates must be kept perfectly dry
Engaged position
ƒ Pressure plates provides pressure against clutch
plate and forces plate against flywheel
ƒ Power from engine transmitted to flywheel and
clutch plate and transmitted to drive shaft

Disengaged position
ƒ Pressure on pedal pushes clutch release assembly
against release levers
ƒ Lever pulls pressure plate away from clutch plate
and is no longer forced against flywheel
ƒ Flywheel and pressure plate are free to rotate
 Mechanical Transmission
‰ is a train of gears that transfer and adapts the engine power
to the drive wheels of the machine

‰ the transmission can also power a special drive such as

PTO (power take-off)

‰ located to the rear of the engine and clutch and in front of

the differential or ring gear

‰ the gear train operates in a bath of gear oil. For special

lubrication, oil sprays or feeder lines from oil pumps are
sometimes used
 The Differentials
Does two jobs:
¾ Transmit power “around the corner” to the drive axles
¾ Allows each drive wheels to rotate at different speed and
still propel its own load

Ring Gear and Bevel Gears:

¾ Direct the power to the axles
¾ Bevel pinions give the differential action
 The Final Drives / Final Gear
Reduction
• The final drive is the last phase of the power
train
• It gives the final reduction in speed and
increased in torque to the drive wheels
• Mounted near the drive wheels to avoid the
stress of long axle shaft
• By reducing speeds, the final drives lower the
stress and simplify the transmission, since
extra gears and shafts can be eliminated
 Power Take-Off (PTO) –
Construction & Operation
• Is an attachment in the power train of a
machine. It drives auxiliary equipment
• Normally gear driven from the transmission
and send power through a shaft to the PTO
outlet where the driven equipment is coupled
• Drive equipment at standard speed of 540 –
1000 rpm
• Operated by a clutch release, which is
sometimes part of the main engine clutch
 3 Types of PTO
1. PTO, Normal Type

PTO takes its rotation from the engine through

the same clutch as the gearbox therefore
engaging the clutch starts both the tractor and the
PTO
2. PTO, Live type

™Clutch of the dual plate type controlled

progressively by a pedal
™One clutch plate drives the gearbox and the other
drives the PTO
™To disengage gearbox, press pedal halfway
through its travel. To disengage PTO, press pedal
to the bottom of its travel
™By pressing halfway, it is possible to leave PTO
turning and at the same time stopping the tractor
3.PTO, Fully independent type

™Tractor provided with 2 clutches, one for

gearbox and the other for PTO
™2 clutches controlled by pedal and lever. It is
possible to stop the PTO leaving the tractor
moving
 Tractor Wheels
• Tractor wheels are made of cast iron or steel.
Most rear wheels have inner cast iron disks
and hubs with steel rims
• Most front wheels are made of steel but some
are constructed with inner cast iron wheels and
steel outer rims
 Tires
There are many different types of tractor tires,
each suited to a specific operation. Tires vary in
construction and tread design.
a) Rear Tires

Four kinds of rear tire treads

™Standard or general purpose cleat
9 familiar with “V” tread are a compromise
among traction, flotation and tread life. Best
all round tire for majority of farm uses
™High cleat
9provides maximum traction
in mud but tread wears rapidly if
operated on hard ground or paved
surfaces
™Nondirectional
9Gives good traction and flotation
in loose or sandy soil.
9Provides sideslip control on slopes,
smoother ride, and longer wear on hard
surfaced and leaves no imprint on lawns

™Industrial Lug
9for on and off the road utility
tractors for earthmoving
9the short wide bars give more contact
area for longer tread wear, more
traction than nondirectional tread
b) Front Tires
Comes in a variety of tread designs to provide the best
steering control

™Single rib
9effective where loose soil
makes steering a problem

™Double rib and triple rib

9found on many general
purpose tractors.
9Gives good steering control
in average soil condition
without excessive soil
compaction
™Flotation
9used where soil compaction is a problem
9tires are wider and have a lower profile than other
front tires. While reducing compaction, these tires
also make steering more difficult
™ Rice tread
9used where field conditions are exceptionally wet.
9Usually have 2 or 3 deep ribs for better steering
control and to help tire the tire roll through muddy
soil
™ Angle bar
9similar to those on the rear of the tractor
9used on tractors with front wheel drive and may
either standard cleats or cane or rice cleats
THANK YOU