Propagation and characteristic of light

SONIC BOOM-whitish cloud at the tail end of the aircraft. Usually happens when the aircraft travels at a speed
faster than the speed of sound, it is loud explosive sound heard on the ground is called SONIC BOOM.
*SOUND PROPAGATION
Sound consists of wave of air particles. Generally, sound propagates and travels through air.it can propagate through
other media. Since it needs a medium to propagate. It considered a mechanical wave.
Sound waves are characterized as longitudinal waves. These are waves that travel parallel to the motion of particles and
created by pressure and are called Pressure waves
Pressure- force applied per unit area of air.
Transverse wave the movement of particles is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

Parts of Longitudinal waves

1.Compression
2.rarefaction

Parts of Transverse Wave-

1.crest
2. trough

* The compression resembles the trough while the rarefaction resembles the crest.
Wavelength-the distance from one compression to the next or between two successive compressions in longitudinal
wave
Frequency-the number of the measured wavelength and the computed frequencyc0mpression passing by a certain point
in 1 second
Speed of sound- Multiply the measured wavelength and the computed frequency

SPEED OF SOUND may differ for different types of solid, liquid and gas
Elastic Property- the tendency of material to maintains its shape and not deform when force is applied to the object or
medium Ex. In steel a rigid material and Rubber a flexible material
At molecular level a rigid material is distinguish by atoms and/or strong particles with strong forces of attraction
for each other. Particles in mediums with higher elastic property can quickly returns to their rest position can vibrate at
higher speed Thus sound travel faster in medium with higher elastic property than in solids like rubber which have lower
elastic property.

Generally, the bond strength between particles is strongest in solid materials and weakest in gases. Thus, sound travel
faster in solid than in liquids and faster in liquids than in gases.
The more elastic the medium is the faster the sound likewise a direct relation is observed between temperature and
sound speed
Properties of Waves
1. Reflected sound- is known as echo while repeated echo in a small dimension space or room is called
reverberation Change in speed resulting in bending of sound are usually observed with changes in temperature
at certain altitude
2. Refraction of sound- bending of sound waves

POINTERS TO REVIEW
1.Balance and Unbalanced Forces 16.Work is done/no work is done
2.Combining Forces 17. Potential/kinetic energy
3.Types of Forces
4. Length of arrow in Forces
5.SI UNITS
6. WORK, POWER AND ENERGY
8.COMPUTATATION OF FORCES
9.COMPUTATATION OF Electric power consumption
10.Relationship of current, voltage resistance
11.Scientist/electricity
12.heat and temperature, thermal expansion. Specific heat capacity
13.Comparison of Longitudinal waves and transverse wave
14. Laws of motion
15.Speed of sounds