PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

Practice Questions– Paper 2

1. Small crystals of purple KMnO4 (Mr = 158) and orange K2Cr2O7 (Mr = 294) were placed at the centres
of separate petri dishes filled with agar jelly. They were left to stand under the same physical
conditions.
After some time, the colour of each substance had spread out as shown.

The lengths of the arrows indicate the relative distances travelled by particles of each
substance.
Which statement is correct?
A. Diffusion is faster in dish 1 because the mass of the particles is greater.
B. Diffusion is faster in dish 2 because the mass of the particles is greater.
C. Diffusion is slower in dish 1 because the mass of the particles is smaller.
D. Diffusion is slower in dish 2 because the mass of the particles is greater

2. A gas is released at point Q in the apparatus shown. (try answer this)

Which gas changes the colour of the damp Universal Indicator paper most quickly?

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 Gas A Relative molecular mass
A ammonia 17
B carbon dioxide 44
C chlorine 71
D hydrogen 2

3. ‘Particles moving very slowly from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.’
Which process is being described?
A. a liquid being frozen
B. a solid melting
C. a substance diffusing through a liquid
D. a substance diffusing through the air

4. Two gas jars are set up as shown.

The lid is removed and the gas jars are left to stand. After some time the contents of both
gas jars are brown.
Which process causes this to happen?
A. Condensation
B. Diffusion
C. Evaporation
D. filtration

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5. The changes that occur when a substance changes state are shown below.

Which process, W, X, Y or Z, is occurring in the following four situations?

1. Butter melts on a warm day.
2. Water condenses on a cold surface.
3. The volume of liquid ethanol in an open beaker reduces.
4. Ice forms inside a freezer.

1 2 3 4
A W X Y Z
B W Y X Z
C X Y Z W
D X Z Y W

6. The diagram shows a sugar lump in a cup of tea.

Which two processes must happen to spread the sugar evenly in the tea?
First process Second process
A diffusion dissolving
B dissolving diffusion
C dissolving melting
D melting diffusion

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7. A crystal of purple potassium manganate(VII) was added to each of the beakers shown in
the diagram

One beaker contained hot water and the other beaker contained cold water.
In both beakers the purple colour of the potassium manganate(VII) spreads out.
Which result and explanation are correct?
Result Explanation

A colour spreads faster in cold water particles move faster at a higher temperature

B colour spreads faster in cold water particles move slower at a higher temperature

C colour spreads faster in hot water particles move faster at a higher temperature

D colour spreads faster in hot water particles move slower at a higher temperature

8. The diagram shows the result of dropping a purple crystal into water

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1. Matter can exist as solid, liquid or gas. The arrows show some changes of state.

a. Name the changes of state represented on the diagram

I. A …………………………………………………………………………………………..…[1]

II. B ……………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]

III. C ……………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

b. Explain why energy has to be supplied to turn a liquid into a gas.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

c. The diagrams represent the same number of particles of a gas in two containers, D and E,
which have different volumes. The two containers are at the same temperature.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

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2. Compare the movement and arrangement of the molecules in solid nitrogen to those in

nitrogen gas.

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3. A sealed container contains nitrogen gas. The pressure of the gas is due to the molecules
of the gas hitting the walls of the container.
Use the kinetic theory to explain why the pressure inside the container increases when the
temperature is increased.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2].

4. Use ideas about the movement and arrangement of particles to explain why:
▪ solids have a definite volume and shape,
▪ liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape,
▪ gases have no definite volume or shape.
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5. A student placed a spoonful of sugar in the bottom of a glass of cold tea and left it
undisturbed for several minutes.
After 2 minutes, she used a straw to taste some of the tea from the top of the glass. It did
not taste sweet.
After 10 minutes, the sugar had disappeared and the solution at the top of the glass tasted
sweet.

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 Use the kinetic particle theory to explain these observations.
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6. Explain what happens to the arrangement and motion of the particles when a solid change
to a liquid.
arrangement .....................................................................................................................

motion ......................................................................................................................... [2]

7. A student placed a purple crystal in a flask of organic solvent.

After 10 minutes, the crystal had completely disappeared and a dense purple colour was
observed at the bottom of the flask.
After 2 hours, the purple colour had spread throughout the solvent

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Use the kinetic particle theory to explain these observations.

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