TOPIC PREVIEW Answer the following questions with a 7 partner or your classmates, ae 1. How do parents and other adults a ‘communicate with new babies? And how do new babies let adults know what they want or need? 2. Does a month-old baby who hears only Language Korean make the same sounds as one . who hears English or Russian? Or do How Children these different babies make different . 7 languagelike sounds? Acquire Theirs 3. When do children begin to say words? How do they learn vocabulary and grammar? Do they make mistakes? Pere races eee)BEFORE LISTENING VOCABULARY PREVIEW 1 © Listen to the following sentences that contain information from the lecture. As mans ‘you listen, write the word from the box that completes the sentence. 1. A few weeks after birth, babies start to make ____ noises when they're happy. 2. Around four months of age, babies begin to 3. By 10 months old, the babbling of babies from different language sounds different, 4, Atfirst, babies —_ their own words for things. 5. In the next few months, babies will _ __ alot of words. 6. These words are usually the names of things that are in the baby's 7. The speech young children produce is often called “telegraphic” speech because they leave out all but the most _ words. 8, Babies begin to ___a grammar rule and make a lot of grammar mistakes. _€_ 1. environment a. to make something new essential b. your family. community, and other things that affect you acquire the place you usually are and the things in it oo 4. to gain or learn something . invent €. to make soft, gentle sounds 5. background f. necessary or most important babble 4g. to apply something, such as a rule, at all times . overgeneralize h. to make speechlike sounds PREDICTIONS ‘Think about the questions in the Topic Preview on page 33 and the sentences ‘you heard in the Vocabulary Preview. Write three questions that you think will be answered in the lecture. Share your questions with your classmates, 34 Unit? -ProcessNOTETAKING PREPARATION When you are listening to a lecture, you will often hear the same words repeated several times, Create special abbreviations for these words in the following ways. ® For the most important word in the lecture, use only the first letter of the word. Make it a capital letter and put a period aftr i. L. = language = Take out all the vowels in the word. 2b / bbs = baby / babies «= Use the fist few letters of the word, ch = children; comm = communication © Make abbreviations for the following frequently repeated words in the lecture. 1. words 4, acquire ET 2. past tense 5. babble / babt 3. verbs 6. first language - 1@ © Listen to sentences from the lecture and fill in the blanks with abbreviations you oes created in A. 1. All Bs in world begin ~ same age, 2. Nest stage of L. begin ~ 18 mths anguage acquisition 3. In next mths bbs a lot 4. Eg, begin learn rales of 8. Think > how is - and 2nd lift ci Discourse Cues for a Process Listen for cues that show that a lecturer is going to describe a process, Listen for phrases such as This is how How to The way that. "© @ Listen to the opening of the lecture and circle the best title for the process that orm "the speaker is going to describe. a. How Chiden Develop & How Chidm Learn t¢t L. b. How BBS Comm d.ttow Studs Learn 2nd L. Chapter5 Language 35eV EAT cy @ FIRST LISTENING isten to the lecture on child language development. As you listen, put the following parts of the lecture in the order that you hear them. Number them 1to 5. Children make pasttense verb mistakes. Babies make babbling noises. Babies use telegraphic speech. Students are asked to think about first and second language learning processes. Babies make one-word sentences. @ SECOND LISTENING oun Listen to information from the lecture. The speaker will talk slowly and carefully. You don't have to do anything as you listen. Just relax and listen. THIRD LISTENING Listen to the lecture in two parts. Follow the directions for each part. When you have finished, review your notes. Later, you will use them to summarize the lecture with a partner. na You will hear the first part of the lecture again. Listen and complete the notes by adding the abbreviations and symbols from the box. How bbs learn tot L. Stage 1 1, Bbs crying = comm oun 2. Few old = cing 3, __ os = start bol 4.10 = for diff Ls Stage 2 ( o om ©") As you listen to the second part of the lecture, take your own notes on a separate piece of paper. 36 Unit2-Process@ ACCURACY CHECK oan You will hear questions and statements about the lecture. For 1-3, listen to the question and write the letter of the best answer. For 4-7, listen to the statement and write T for true or F for false. «a birth 3. a. 1010 12 months b. 4 months b. 8 to 24 months 10 months © 2to 3 years d. 18 months 4. 7 to 8 years a. kiki b. Daddy, up. c. I walked home. d. I goed to bed. 4 5. 6 2. ORAL SUMMARY Use your notes to create an oral summary of the lecture with your partner. As you work together, add details to your notes that your partner included but you had missed. DISCUSSION Discuss the following statements with a classmate or in a small group. 1. Parents understand what their baby needs even before the baby begins to talk. 2. I's easy for a baby to learn his or her language, but it's hard work for an adult to learn a second or foreign language. 3. Everyone should learn to speak the dominant language of the country where they live even if a different language is spoken in their home. 4, It would be better if everybody in the world spoke the same language. ae Meee su 27GEO) TASK 1 Stages in Language Development 4) @ Listen to these English-speaking babies and children. Write down what you hear —_ each one say. 2. __ Fe 4 5, © Compare your answers in A with a partner. Discuss the meaning of what each baby said. 1 — @ Listen again. Draw a line to match the speech of each child, 1 to 5, to a stage 2 of language development that you learned about in the lecture. The first one is done for you. 1 Babbling ™ ‘One-word speech Telegraphic speech Overgeneralize past tense wen Multiword speech TASK 2 Writing an E-mail @ — @ Listen and write down the five tips, or steps, in writing effective e-mail zm "messages. You will hear each tip twice, 1 2 3. 4 5 © check your answers with a partner. Then, with your partner, decide on one or ‘two more rules that you think would be helpful. 38 Unit2-Process.Cea Robots How They Work and Learn to Work TOPIC PREVIEW Answer the following questions with a partner or your classmates. fl What do you picture when you think of “a robot"? What does it look like? What does it do? Draw a simple picture of your robot. Have you seen a movie or TV show in which robots play an important role? What was the name of the movie? What did the robots do in the movie? How do “real” robots differ from “movie” robots? What will robots look like and be doing in 10 years? in 20 years? in 50 years?eiage) ee © ox VOCABULARY PREVIEW @ Listen to the following sentences that contain information from the lecture. As you listen, write the word from the box that completes the sentence. 1. Today, 'm going to talk mostly about _ robots. 2. These robots do work that is , dangerous, or boring, 3. The robot learns to do its job with the _ __ of a human being. 4, Robotic arms on the line join the parts of a car together. 5. Robots are very __ when repeating a task. 6, Robots do work humans could do, but they do it more = 7. The robot _____ the exact movements in its computer memory. 8. A robot uses __ to gather information, 9. An __ machine can change its behavior in relation to its surroundings. 10. Honda's ASIMO can __ the movements of people nearby. Match the words to their definitions. detect a. over and over in the same way each time precise b. used in industry and manufacturing autonomous a device that reacts to change in light, heat, sound, etc. industrial |. to save information to be used again to find or become aware of something . repetitive help, assistance, and direction guidance . the process of putting something together zo . assembly . done quickly and correctly 2. 3. 4 5. store 6 7 8. 9. accurate and correct J. independent; able to act alone PREDICTIONS ‘Think about the questions in the Topic Preview on page 39 and the sentences you heard in the Vocabulary Preview. Write three questions that you think will be answered in the lecture. Share your questions with your classmates. 40 Unit2- ProcessNOTETAKING PREPARATION Different sections of a lecture deal with different aspects of the lecturer's chosen topic As you listen to a lecture, listen for when the lecturer moves from one aspect of ‘the topic to a new aspect, When that happens, leave a space and start a new section in your notes. ‘A section ofa lecture may, for example, give a definition, provide historical background, analyze reasons, or describe a process. A lecturer will use language such as the following to introduce a new section: {tke to start by defining ‘Now, lets talk about why Sowhat is the process by which \Neq, I want to examine the history of. (9 © Listen to three section openings from the lecture. Take notes. et, pi 3. © © Listen again to the section openings from the lecture. Circle what you think the m2 lecturer will go on to talk about in each section. 1. a, historical background b. a process. adescription — d. a definition 2. a, historical background —_b. a process. adescription —_d. a definition 3. a. historical background —_b. a process adescription —_d, a definition Discourse Cues for a Process When you listen to steps in a process, remember to listen for language that signals the different steps. Review the discourses cues on ages 28 and 35. © @ Listen to sentences from the lecture. Write the cue you hear in each sentence nm? that shows the lecturer is describing a step in a process. a" - 74 2 5. 3. Chapter 6-Robots 41VEC oe, FIRST LISTENING Listen to the lecture on robots. As you listen, put the following parts of the lecture in the order that you hear them. Number them 1 to 5. ____ How robots learn their job ___. Robots more effective than humans ___ An example of an autonomous machine ____ Automatic robots, ____ Robots on factory assembly lines 4 SECOND LISTENING osm Listen to information from the lecture. The speaker will talk slowly and carefully. You don't have to do anything as you listen. Just relax and listen. THIRD LISTENING Listen to the lecture in two parts. Follow the directions for each part. When you have finished, review your notes. Later, you will use them to summarize the lecture with a partner. oo, om You will hear the first part of the lecture again. Listen and complete the notes by adding the abbreviations and symbols from the box. 1) what robots Ik ike + not humans 2) today’s topic. Indust Rs + Re do wk — rep, dang, boring + most wh in factories, pt ids on jars + in car facts RE — very precise = R& do huuron we more: effic'ly and precicely 3) how vis we + rbts ict need syst © [Part 2) ons {As you listen to the second part of the lecture, take your own notes on a separate piece of paper. 42 Unit2- ProcessPVE ee NC) ACCURACY CHECK © © You will hear six questions about the lecture. Listen to each question and write Cae the letter of the best answer. ha. easy 4. a an automatic robot b. human, b. an industrial machine «repetitive . a handheld computer d. interesting 4. its brain 2. a. jars of fruit 5. a. with the guidance of a human being b. parts of cars b. with the help of another robot © wheels on tires c. with its arms and hands d. bolts on wheels 4. with its moving parts ___ 3. a. sensor ___ 6. a. find it b. power b. lift and move it control system determine its weight 4. arms and legs d. determine the amount of force to use © © You will hear four questions about the lecture. Write a short answer to each oxre questi i - Use your notes. eee ORAL SUMMARY Use your notes to create an oral summary of the lecture with your partner. As you werk together, add details to your notes that your partner included but you had missed. DISCUSSION Discuss the following questions with a classmate or in a small group. 1. Robots do many jobs in factories that people used to do, What are some of the reasons why robots are now used for these jobs? Do robots put people out of work? 2. Robots will continue to become more humanlike until they look, talk, and think much like human beings. Is this a good thing or a bad thing? Why? 3. 3D printers already exist. In the future similar machines could use nanobots—robots too small to see—to turn raw materials into new products. Is this, ‘a good idea? Why? Chapter6-Robots 43EXPANSION TASK 1 Steps in Doing Research © @ Listen to someone describe the steps in doing research. As you listen, match the ©30” ~ steps below to the pictures. Write the number of the step next to the picture, Step 1: Do background research. Step 2: Conduct your experiment. Step 3: Make observations. Step 4: Record and analyze your results, Step 5: Present your research, ° IN ) ie Step __ © Compare your answers with a partner and explain your choices. 4A Unit2- ProcessTASK 2 A Simple Experiment © @ Listen to things you will need to perform a simple experiment. Write each one next to its picture. @ © Listen to the description of the experiment. As you listen, fill in the missing 108 words in the sentences below. First, pour some _ ; into the bottle until it is about one- full. Next, use the > to pour some baking soda into the __. After . , carefully stretch the balloon overthe____of the bottle. Make sure you don't any baking _ into the bottle! Next, _ up the heavy part of the balloon so that the baking soda = into the bottle. @ Work with a partner. Talk about what you think will happen next. © © Listen to the description of the end of the experiment. Was your guess correct? oun Chapter 6-Robots 45