End of Chapter Answers

Answers to End of Chapter Questions

Chapter 1..........................................................................................................................................2
Chapter 2..........................................................................................................................................4
Chapter 3..........................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 4..........................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 5........................................................................................................................................10
Chapter 6........................................................................................................................................12
Chapter 7........................................................................................................................................14
Chapter 8........................................................................................................................................16
Chapter 9........................................................................................................................................18

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Chapter 1
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 C What is an Information System? M

2 D What are Data, Information and E

Knowledge
3 E What are Data, Information and M
Knowledge
4 C What are Data, Information and E
Knowledge – What is Ethics
5 Data What are Data, Information and E
Knowledge
6 Information What are Data, Information and E
Knowledge
7 Knowledge What are Data, Information and E
Knowledge
8 True What are Data, Information and E
Knowledge
9 False What are Data, Information and M
Knowledge
10 False What are Data, Information and M
Knowledge – Life Long Knowledge
Creation
11 B What are Data, Information and M
Knowledge
12 A What are Data, Information and D
Knowledge
13 C What are Data, Information and D
Knowledge
14 B What is an Information System? M

15 A What is an Information System? D

16 C What is an Information System? E

17 IS For a Telecom Billing Operation What is an Information System? M

Input: Name of customer, Mailing address, number
of calls made, Types of calls made( International
/Local)
Process: A billing system which can take into
account business requirements (like free local calls
from 9.00pm to 7.00am and weekends) and usage of
a customer to produce a bill
Output: Customized bills for all customers, based on
their usage which can be emailed as well as mailed
to their addresses.

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18 The two types of knowledge are Explicit knowledge What are Data, Information and M
and Tacit knowledge Knowledge
Explicit Knowledge: is readily available to us in the
form of books, documents and web
Example: Textbook in Accounting
Tacit Knowledge: is knowledge gained through
experience, practice and insight
Example: To parallel park our car

19 Knowledge Work: Work that involves the discovery, What are Data, Information and M
transformation, analysis, synthesis, and Knowledge
communication of data, information, and knowledge.
Knowledge Worker: It is a worker who requires
formal learning, the ability to acquire and apply
practical and theoretical knowledge and a habit of
continuous knowledge.
I believe that I will be knowledge worker after I
graduate as I am undergoing formal training and my
work will involve application of practical as well as
theoretical knowledge in the knowledge based
industry.
20 Input: Names of all employees, name of bank, bank What is an information system M
account number, Salary
Process: software
Output: A automated system to transfer salary from
companies account to account of employee
This automated system will reduce human errors and
redundancy of work in crediting salary into the
employee’s account thus reducing expenditure to the
company.

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Chapter 2
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 b. RAM Hardware M

2 a. cable modem Hardware E

3 b. operating system Software Gets the Job Done M

4 TCP/IP The Internet and the WWW M

5 Clock Hardware M

6 LCD Hardware M

7 Spreadsheet Software Gets the Job Done M

8 802.11 protocol Connecting Over Networks M

9 False Hardware E

10 False The Internet and the WWW M

11 B Hardware D

12 D Hardware M

13 C Hardware M

14 E Hardware D

15 A Hardware M

16 Accepting and storing data and information The Components of IT E

Performing mathematical calculation
Applying logic to make decisions
Retrieving, displaying, and sending data and
information
Consistently repeating the above actions many times

17 Hardware – the electronic and mechanical The Components of IT M

components that you can see and touch
Software – the set of instructions that directs the
hardware
Networking – allows knowledge workers to share
resources including hardware, software and
information, etc.

18 Random Access Memory (RAM) is the primary Hardware D

memory that serves as a temporary storage area for
data and instructions. In general, since the CPU first
looks to RAM for the data and instructions it needs,
and since accessing RAM is faster than accessing

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secondary storage (e.g., a hard drive), more RAM

means more conveniently stored, quickly accessed
data and instruction. This means that the computer
(CPU) will seem faster to the user with more RAM to
keep more data and instructions close at hand for the
CPU

19 Yes. Thumb Drives (a.k.a. USB keys) offer more Hardware M

storage and quicker data access in a smaller, more
convenient package. Most PC makers have stopped
including diskette drives as standard PC equipment.
Relative to the USB keys, a floppy diskette’s smaller
storage, slower access, and decreasing support by
PC makers all point to the demise of the once
ubiquitous floppy disk.

20 While no security is infallible, in general the smaller Connecting Over Networks D

the network (in terms of geographic size) the more
easily it can be secured. As network size increases it
is difficult to include the network within a secure
physical location. In addition, larger networks often
require some use of public connection media which
may be more easily accessed by unauthorized users
than private communications media.

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Chapter 3
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 B. synthesis Knowledge Work Activities M

2 D. Data, Information, and Knowledge Decisions, Decisions –Making E

Decisions at the Individual Level
3 B. communication Knowledge Work Activities M

4 D Investigate Problem Solving E

5 Unorganized Knowledge Work Activities M

6 CARROTS Decisions, Decisions –Making M

Decisions at the Individual Level
7 complete Decisions, Decisions –Making E
Decisions at the Individual Level
8 True Knowledge Work Activities M

9 False Decisions, Decisions –Making D

Decisions at the Individual Level l
10 False Problem Solving M

11 C Knowledge Work Activities D

12 B Knowledge Work Activities D

13 A Knowledge Work Activities D

14 B Decisions, Decisions –Making M

Decisions at the Individual Level
15 C Decisions, Decisions –Making M
Decisions at the Individual Level
16 A Decisions, Decisions –Making M
Decisions at the Individual Level
17 Investigate – I want to buy a car so I go to Problem Solving D
Consumer Reports and other sites to find the best
cars for the environment and to Edmunds.com and
other sites to research prices
Analyze – I review the data I’ve collected generating
possible choices and develop the criteria I will use
to make my choice
Decide – I pick the solar powered Ferrari. My
second choice is a Honda Accord Hybrid
Do – I contact Ferrari and ask them to make one
since no such car is available to the general public.
No luck so I buy the Honda Accord Hybrid.

18 Unstructured – a problem characterized by high Decisions, Decisions –Making M

uncertainty and no well known method for solving Decisions at the Individual Level
the problem.
Example: Choose a University or College to attend

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Semi-Structured – A problem that is in-between

the two extremes. Has some level of uncertainty in
data and decision process.
Example: Choose a major at the University or
College you attend
Structured – A problem situation which has the
luxury of complete and certain information available
and a well-known method for solving the problem.
Example: Complete Major-Required Course I and
major-Required Course II in order before taking any
electives.

19 Investigate – Identify and research the two Problem Solving D

companies and the nature of both internships.
Discover where you will be working and what you
will be doing during your internship.
Analyze – organize and think about the data and
information you found – what does it mean? Which
internship and/or which company appear to be the
best fit with your immediate and future goals? Think
about how what you will be doing in your internship
may result in job offer at the end of the internship.
Would you be willing to accept and work for this
company? Develop criteria to help you choose
between the two internships.
Decide – Select the best internship for you using
the criteria that you generated in the Analyze step.
Do – Respond to the firm that offered you the
internship you chose and send a note to the other
firm thanking them and declining their internship
offer. Move to new IADD cycle by investigating
transportation to location of internship…etc.

20 Yes. In order to solve problems, knowledge workers Decisions, Decisions –Making D

must make decisions. Consider the following Decisions at the Individual Level
problems and the decisions which solve the and Problem Solving
problems: (1) Undecided major – decide which
major to major in (2) No transportation to and from
school – decide to walk, to ride the bus, or to buy a
car and drive to and from school and (3) Need a
local checking account so local merchants will cash
your check – decide which local bank offers the best
deal on student checking and open an account
there.

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Chapter 4
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 A – Feedback Business as Open Systems M

2 B – Create processes to achieve goals Business as Open Systems

3 A – Automate Applying IT to create more business M

value
4 Stakeholder Business as Open Systems E

5 Transaction The Value Chain E

6 Complementary How Business organize to create M

value
7 Competitive Advantage The Value Chain E

8 True Applying IT to create more business M

value
9 False Applying IT to create more business M
value
10 False Applying IT to create more business M
value
11 C Applying IT to create more business M
value
12 B Applying IT to create more business E
value
13 A Applying IT to create more business E
value
14 D Applying IT to create more business M
value
15 Functional: Ford Motors How Business organize to create D
Product Line: Microsoft value
Geography: GE
Matrix: University System

16 McDonalds Production of Hamburger The Value Chain M

Inbound Logistics: Raw Vegetables, meat, Cheese
etc
Operations: Preparation of Hamburger
Outbound Logistics: Big Mac
Marketing and Sales: Advertisements on
Television, Discounts and promotional offers
Services: Customer satisfaction surveys, Quality
assurance

17 Manufacture of Dell Computers Business as Open Systems M

Input
Micro-Processors from Intel/AMD
Knowledge Workers from Universities
Capital from Investors and Creditors
Operating system from Microsoft
Technology from R&D teams
Process

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Assembly line to manufacture Computers

Output
Laptops and Desktops
Helpline services to aid customers
Feedback from users and industry experts to help
improve and innovate products
18 It is essential to invest time and money in support The value Chain M
activities of a company. For example by having
active Human Resource (HR) policy and department
can enhance employee output. Such activities add
more business value to the organization
19 An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system The value Chain M
helps an organization to effectively manage and
automate its primary and secondary activities
20 Managers in Matrix Organizations can How Business organize to create M
Organize team building activities value
Have inter team meeting to discuss the work they
are currently handling
Have knowledge sharing session to provide a unified
knowledge base

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Chapter 5
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 B – Mainframes The Technology Infrastructure of an E
Organization
2 B – Atomicity Information Systems that Support E
Business Activities

3 C – Simulation Modeling Business Intelligence M

4 D – Periodic Beyond Databases: Using Other E
Methods to Store Data, Information,
and Knowledge

5 Embedded Processors The Technology Infrastructure of an E

Organization
6 Database The Primary Data Storage for E
Organizations
7 Foreign The Primary Data Storage for E
Organizations
8 Point of Sale (POS) Information Systems that Support M
Business Activities

9 False The Technology Infrastructure of an E

Organization
10 False The Technology Infrastructure of an M
Organization
11 True The Primary Data Storage for E
Organizations
12 True Information Systems that Support E
Business Activities

13 C Beyond Databases: Using Other E

Methods to Store Data, Information,
and Knowledge

14 B Beyond Databases: Using Other E

Methods to Store Data, Information,
and Knowledge

15 D Beyond Databases: Using Other E

Methods to Store Data, Information,
and Knowledge

16 A Beyond Databases: Using Other E

Methods to Store Data, Information,
and Knowledge

17 The file management system has the following Databases: the Primary Data M
disadvantages over Database system Storage for Organizations
Data Redundancy: Some information needs to be
stored in more than one place leading to inconstancy
and redundancy
Data Dependence: As the files are designed for a

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particular system they may not be used by another

application (System dependent)
Data Inaccessibility: The data stored may not be
accessible from other applications.
Poor file management: The files are difficult to
manage and change. It also has difficulties when
multiple people are trying to modify the files at the
same time.
18 The different technologies are as follows: The IS integration Problem M
Middleware: is software that links applications that
use dissimilar software and hardware platforms. A
middleware application tracks and software modules
and their status and then links them over network
connection.
Web Services: Processes data over from a sending
application and then delivers the data over the
network using standard data format called XML.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): In this
approach the company runs all its applications from
a single database. Each functional unit (like HR,
R&D, and Finance) uses their own software but
linked to a common database.
19 Both systems can be useful. A strength of FIS is that Information Systems that Support D
they are typically created with a focus on a particular Business Activities
department. Thus an FIS may include
comprehensive data and tools for a specific
department. However, a workflow management
system can incorporate the data from a specific
department and integrate it with the work and data of
other departments that take part in the workflow.
Thus, a WMS may be ultimately more useful to that
organization as a whole.
20 Groupware can be of use for any organization by Beyond Databases: Using Other D
supporting communication between the members of Methods to Store Data, Information,
the organization and by supporting group decision and Knowledge
making. Groupware may be used by City and County
governments to support meeting; to communicate
information about important decisions both before
and after decision making; and to even incorporate
the view of the electorate through the use of voting
systems.

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Chapter 6
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 B – Elaboration The Stages and Activities of System M
Development

2 A – Inception The Stages and Activities of System E

Development

3 B – Diamond Family IS Methodology M

4 D - Risk avoidance Managing the IS Project E

5 team composition The People Who Develop IS E

6 Unified Programming Language (UML) IS Methodology M

7 Integrated Development Environment (IDE). IT Tools for IS Development M

8 False The Stages and Activities of System M

Development

9 False IS Methodology E

10 True The People Who Develop IS M

11 True IT Tools for IS Development E

12 A The Big IS Development Questions E

13 D The Big IS Development Questions E

14 C The Big IS Development Questions E

15 B The Big IS Development Questions E

16 The stages of the Life cycle are: The Stages and Activities of System M
1. Pre Inception: the stage in which the organization Development
promotes or inhibits ideas for on Information system.
2. Inception: In this stage the focus in on
understanding the problem and planning the project.
3. Elaboration: The project team finalizes the
requirement and designs the system architecture.
4. Construction: The development team builds the
core functionalities of the system.
5. Transtion: The development team finalizes the
system and puts it in change. It also trains the users
of the system and the management.
6. Production: In this stage the organization
continuously monitors, maintain and evaluate the
system.
7. Retirement: In this stage the old system is retired
and usually leads to the inception of a new system,

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17 1. Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) IS Methodology E

2. Logical Data Model
3. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
4. Unified Modeling Language(UML)
18 In the evolutionary model developers first IS Methodology M
investigate, specify and implement a core
functionality with minimum functionality. Then the
developers evaluate the functionality and add
enhancements or changes to it. Prototyping is used
to build the system with the inputs from the
customers. In such a development model the
customer can make changes and enhancements to
the requirements and these can be incorporated in
the system easily
The waterfall model is rigid in structure and is difficult
to make changes in the previous stage once the
development reaches the next stage of the lifecycle.
Parallel process of wok cannot take place in the
waterfall model.
19 Ideally, we would like to have an IS in place The Stages And Activities Of D
immediately (zero development time) and then use it System Development.
forever (100% production) with no need for changes.
Of course, we live in the real world so project
managers must manage resources and risks while
seeking to build an IS as quickly as possible and with
the flexibility and quality to be useful in production for
as long as possible.
20 Managers should not only rely on financial analysis The Big IS Development Questions M
for their feasibility. Although by obtaining the ROI,
NPV and IRR gives a good picture about the
feasibility of the project using financial benefit there
are other intangible factors which need to be
considered. Project managers should also consider
the strengths of the organization and the impact of
the IS project on stakeholders. For example:
Customer satisfaction is based on the speed at
which customer is able make transactions of the
company website. A satisfied customer may lead to
increased business.

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Chapter 7
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 C E-Commerce: An Overview M

2 A The E-Commerce Difference E

3 D The E-Commerce Difference E

4 A E-Commerce Between E
Organizations

5 e-commerce E-Commerce: An Overview E

6 E-commerce strategy The E-Commerce Difference E

7 Infomediary The E-Commerce Difference M

8 Supply Chain E-Commerce Between E

Organizations

9 False E-Commerce Between M

Organizations

10 True E-Commerce: An Overview M

11 False The E-Commerce Difference

12 True The E-Commerce Difference E

13 B E-Commerce for Consumers E

14 D E-Commerce for Consumers E

15 C E-Commerce for Consumers E

16 A E-Commerce for Consumers E

17 A business model defines how a company will meet E-Commerce for Consumers M
the needs of its customers while making a profit.
Having a business model will enable them to focus
on their customers and also make profits on a long
term basis.
18 The 3 broad categories are E-Commerce Between M
1. Spot Buying Organizations
2. Strategic Sourcing
3. Exchange
19 Benefits E-Commerce for Consumers M
Lower Prices
Shopping 24/7
Greater Searchability
Shorter Delivery times for digital Products
Sharing of information with other consumers

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Improved customer service

Limitations
Delay in receiving physical products
Slow downloads in areas where high speed internet
is limited
Security and privacy concerns
Inability to touch, feel and see product
Unavailability of micropayments for purchase of
small cost products

20 E-commerce is affecting business in the following The E-Commerce Difference M

ways:
Reducing barriers to entry
Preventing any company from “owning” the market
Enhancing collaboration/alliances
Multiplying market niches
Changing marketplace drivers
e-commerce is also leading to
Information density: Increasing the quality and the
quantity of information to the customer.
Mass Customization: The method in which
customized products or services can be provided on
demand
Personalization of Marketing goods

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Chapter 8
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 D – All of the above Second-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Providing Interaction
2 A – Cookie Second-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Providing Interaction
3 D –WSDL Fourth-Generation E-Commerce M
Technologies:
Transforming Processes
4 C –Web Client Second-Generation E-Commerce M
Technologies:
Providing Interaction
5 Fourth The Stages of E-commerce E
6 Scripting Language Second-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Providing Interaction
7 Response Second-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Providing Interaction
8 A(n) Applet Second-Generation E-Commerce M
Technologies:
Providing Interaction
9 False First-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Establishing a Web Presence
10 False Second-Generation E-Commerce M
Technologies:
Providing Interaction
11 False Second-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Providing Interaction
12 True Fourth-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Transforming Processes
13 C Third-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Supporting Transactions

14 D First-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Establishing a Web Presence
15 A Third-Generation E-Commerce E
Technologies:
Supporting Transactions

17 The 4 tier e-commerce infrastructure has the Second-Generation E-Commerce M

following components: Technologies:
Web Client: Enter the URL and you send an Providing Interaction
HTTP request to a Web serve
Web Server: Receives request and decides on how

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to send response back to the client server. It request

is static then sends back response but it the request
is dynamic then the web server routes the request to
the client and application server.
Application Server: If needed the server performs
queries on the data server to get the requested data.
Data/File Server: Stores data that may be needed for
the E-commerce transaction.

18 XML (eXtensible Markup Language) uses tags to Fourth-Generation E-Commerce M

mark up content and/or data so that applications can Technologies:
recognize it. The goal of XML is to describe data. Transforming Processes
XML tags allow applications to understand the
underlying meaning of data and then react
appropriately. For example, an <invoice> tag may
signal to an on-line application that the incoming
data represents an invoice for an ordered product
and then the application can process the data
accordingly.

19 The features often looked for in an e-commerce Fourth-Generation E-Commerce M

website include: interactivity and security. These are Technologies:
critical for the effective usage of e-commerce. Transforming Processes
The fear of lost data and identity theft can make
many nervous about using e-commerce.
20 Students may mention technologies such as: Fourth-Generation E-Commerce D
 AJAX Technologies:
 Blogging Transforming Processes
 RSS
 VOIP

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Chapter 9
Question Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Difficulty
Number Answer
1 A Corporate and IT Governance E

2 Transfer (This choice does not exists) Enterprise Risk Management M

3 C Enterprise Risk Management D

4 D Enterprise Risk Management M

5 Near sourcing A Global Perspective E

6 Off shoring A Global Perspective M

7 Enterprise Risk Management Enterprise Risk Management M

8 Applicable risk Enterprise Risk Management M

9 False Global IS and Global IT M

10 False Global IS and Global IT E

11 True Global IS and Global IT E

12 True A Global Perspective M

13 B Enterprise Risk Management M

14 A Enterprise Risk Management M

15 C Enterprise Risk Management M

16 The congress passed the Sarbanes Oxley act in Enterprise Risk Management D
2002 to restore public and investor’s trust in public
accounting and reporting of publicly traded
companies.
After the Enron and World Com financial frauds the
SOX held the CEO and the CFO liable and
responsible for the financial statements produced by
the company. The SOX required more
documentation of process, decreased the time
between reporting financial statements, and
prohibited accounting firms from selling their non
audit business to the companies.
17 A global perspective is a world wide approach to A Global Perspective E
business that seeks to create business value in an
economic world that is largely flat, borderless and
cyber connected.
Example: GE off shoring its billing operations to
India, thus saving money for itself and creating jobs
and revenue in India.
18 Four challenges to IT Globalization are identified by Global IS and Global IT D

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Ives and Jarvenpaa on page 271 of text, they are: (1)

the linkage of global IT to global business strategy;
(2) Information Technology platforms; (3)
International data sharing; and (4) cultural
environment. Here is a possible answer if the student
chooses (4) “Cultural environment:”
The answer to this depends on your point of view.
For example, you might believe that cultural
environments are the most serious challenge to IT
globalization. If so, then successfully competing on a
global scale requires more than just native speaking
IT professionals or knowledge workers. A truly global
organization is aware of and embraces the diversity
inherent in different cultures. An organization would
be committed to education and training of its
knowledge workers in cultural differences,
languages, etc. Also, HR policies would rotate IT
managers and IT employees through various
locations to enable them to gain firsthand knowledge
and experience of various cultures. Also, IT
departments would be mindful of cultural
environments when developing websites, global IS,
etc.
19 Enterprise Information Security is defined on page Enterprise Information Security D
284 of the text as “an ongoing, strategic business
process of risk and threat assessment and
management, which helps to ensure safe and
continuous business operation and the availability,
confidentiality, and integrity of an enterprise’s
information resources wherever they might be
located. Availability means that the business has
access to whatever information resource it needs to
create business value. Confidentiality addresses the
need to keep safe certain types of sensitive
information and to restrict access to this information
to authorized users. Integrity as related to
information means ensuring that the facts, events,
knowledge, etc., captured and stored in information
systems is accurate and complete (see “CARROTS”
in Chapter 3). The threats and risks include
unauthorized access, compromise, theft, loss, etc
and a complete answer would address several of
these. “Recent” examples of public and private
organizational risk will include those from the text
such as the “Kaiser…” example on page 286, as well
as examples from current headlines such as
“Homeland Security Admits Privacy Errors in Anti-
Terror Effort.” The integration and exposure of
sensitive data is an increasing risk faced by modern
organizations. While Kaiser received fines, the
Department of Homeland Security faces the risks of
loss of credibility, possible reduced effectiveness,
and of litigation.
“(http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,2077595,00.
asp?kc=EWEWEMNL122506EP25A)
20 The PPT framework is: Enterprise Information Security M

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People – refers to the members of an organization

and the roles that they play.
Technology – includes tools, methods and
mechanisms to support organizational processes.
Policy – represents the documented rules for
governance.

20