Module 11 - Jose Rizal and Philippine Nationalism-National Symbol Learning Outcomes

Republic of the Philippin
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

Cauayan City, Isabela
Module 11 - Jose Rizal and Philippine Nationalism- National Symbol
Learning Outcomes:
At the end this module, the students should be able to:
 Identify the different contributions of Rizal in the development of Philippine
nationalism;
 .Examine the values highlighted by various representations of Rizal as a national
symbol;
 Advocate the value Rizal’s life encapsulates.
Learning Content:
Learners are now ready to study the various topics intended for this module.
They are expected to understand the lesson well, by means of reading the
suggested articles relevant to the different topics.
Topic 1. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 75 Series of 1993
MALACAÑANG
MANILA
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 75, Series of 1993
CREATING THE NATIONAL HEROES COMMITTEE UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE
PRESIDENT
WHEREAS, the State is mandated to foster patriotism and nationalism among the
citizens, especially the youth, pursuant to Article II, Sections 13 and 17, of the
Constitutions;
WHEREAS, the State, through its educational system, is also mandated to inculcate
patriotism and nationalism, and the appreciation of the role of national heroes in the
historical development of the country pursuant to Article XIV, Section 3 (2), of the
Constitution;
WHEREAS, Almighty God has gifted the sovereign Filipino people with National
Heroes, the men and women of sterling character and remarkable achievements that
directed, and continue to direct, the historic destiny of the country;
WHEREAS, it is timely and appropriate to proclaim these National Heroes, the
renowned achievers of their generations and the shinning exemplars of these times;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FIDEL V. RAMOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the
powers vested in me by law, do hereby order:
SEC. 1. A National Heroes Committee is hereby created, composed of the Secretary of
Education, Culture and Sports as Chairman, and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs and
the Secretary of National Defense as Members, to study and recommend the
proclamation of National Heroes.
SEC. 2. All departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and instrumentalities of the
Government, including government-owned or controlled corporations, are hereby

directed to extend the fullest support to the National Heroes Committee in the
performance of its functions.
SEC. 3. The private sector is hereby urged to assist the National Heroes Committee in
the performance of its functions.
SEC. 4. The National Historical Commission shall act as Secretariat of the National
Heroes Committee.
SEC. 5. This Executive Order shall take effect immediately.
Done in the City of Manila, this 29th day of March in the year of Our Lord, nineteen
hundred and ninety-three.
(Sgd.) FIDEL V. RAMOS
President of the Philippines
By the President:
(Sgd.) ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Chief Presidential Legal Counsel
THE GATES TO HEROISM: DEFINING A FILIPINO HERO
It is common for Filipinos to look for someone to idolize –saints, politicians, artists,
models, etc., somebody they will glorify and imitate. Since the time of the declaration of
Philippine independence, 109 years ago, many were acknowledged as Filipino heroes,
more so today, that every individual who become so popular or the main character in
any particular event is given the title “hero”. The essence of the word “hero” is past
declining, today one need not to die or do such gallant act to be given the noble title or
that some just won a boxing match. Time has really evolved and so does our standard
in defining a Filipino hero. Will our forefathers who gave their lives for freedom feel
insulted for this? Are these the Filipinos we’ll look up to for guidance through the times,
aren’t our children losing the true meaning of heroism by our doings? All these things
we should ask ourselves before giving the title “hero” to anyone.
But what does being a hero mean? Dr. Esteban de Ocampo, a known historian,
stated in his book about Rizal that a hero means a prominent or central personage
taking an admirable part in any remarkable action or event; a person of distinguished
valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; and a man honored after death by
public worship because of exceptional service to mankind. The true heroes of Philippine
history deserve to be called so for they didn’t have any idea that one day they will be
measured up, they just acted upon their principles. The concept of honoring heroes
came only to the Philippines in 1900, when the Philippine Commission (Pardo de
Tavera, Legarda, Luzurriaga (Filipino members) and headed by William Howard Taft)
approved Act No. 137 combining the districts of Morong and Manila to be named as
“Province of Rizal,” in honor of the most illustrious Filipino. Actually, this Act was
disputed by many but the basis of the Commission was so strong that it has surpassed
the public’s questions.
Since then, heroes were celebrated here and there, citing their names in every
politician’s speeches, declaring holidays, naming streets, constructing monuments, etc.

in their honor. Until one day, realizing that so many names were acknowledged as
heroes, need to evaluate the situation was proposed. During Marcos’ presidency, he
tasked the National Heroes Commission to come up with the criteria for national hero.
On March 28, 1993, thru the President’s Executive Order No. 75, the National Heroes
Committee was created, commissioned to study, evaluate and recommend historical
figures to be declared as national heroes. The Committee composed of worthy
members, with a series of discussions came up with the new criteria.
The criteria is composed of 10 standards:
First is the extent of a person’s sacrifices for the welfare of the country.
Second, the motive and methods employed in the attainment of the ideal (was his ideal
purely for the welfare of the country and without any taint of self-interested motives,
most of all the method of attainment should be morally valid).
The third is the moral character of the person concerned (the person should not have
any immorality issue that affected his ideal).
The fourth is the influence of the person concerned on his age and or the succeeding
age.
Fifth is that heroes are those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and
struggle for the nation’s freedom (they must have desired the country’s freedom in any
situation especially when there’s a threat of invasion in any form).
Sixth is that heroes are those who define and contribute to a system of life of freedom
and order for a nation (one who helps in the orderliness and betterment of the country).
Seventh is, heroes are those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation.
Eight, a hero is part of the people’s expression (the citizen must have recognized and
acknowledged the person as a hero).
Ninth, a hero thinks of the future, especially the future generations, his concern for the
future generations must be seen in his decisions and ideals).
Lastly, the choice of a hero involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in
history, but of the entire process that made this particular person a hero.
Filipino’s expectations of public figures are different now than it was more than a
hundred years ago, maybe because of the realization that no one is perfect. This is the
reason why today so many were acknowledged as heroes and many were voted in
important governing positions with flaws and questionable characters. Lucky are those
who aspire one day to be called a hero that the criteria was already set to pattern their
decisions with. I hope that the criteria for national heroes will not only be checked
against the historical figures but also with the politicians to whom we will entrust the
power to govern our country.
Topic 2. Monuments of Rizal in the different countries of the world
NEW SOUTH WALES, Australia – The Knights of
Rizal in Australia led the commemoration of the
122nd Anniversary of the Martyrdom of

Philippine National Hero Dr. Jose P. Rizal on 30 December 2018 in Campbelltown
City and Blacktown City in New South Wales.
Jose Rizal Plaza is surrounded by beautiful greenery and flowers at Jinjiang
China Square
Long-winding cobblestoned Jose Rizal, on a hilly slope in Litomerice
Old-timers and German Rizalistas of Heidelberg pay respect to our national
hero with appropriate ceremonies during his birthday every year. They still
share fond memories of our hero’s memorable six-month sojourn in
Heidelberg and Wilhelmsfeld, which they reminisce with particular devotion
and veneration.
Jose Rizal, is the national hero of the Philippines. He was born on June 19, 1861 at
Calamba, Laguna and died by firing squad on December 30, 1896 at Rizal Park at the
age of 35. He was charged and convicted of rebellion by the Spanish court and
sentenced to death.
An Intimate Ceremony of Remembrance of Rizal’s Birth at Hibiya Park in Tokyo

A picture of Philippine national hero Jose Rizal’s bronze statue in Rome, Italy recently
emerged on social media, prompting a look at how the patriot is revered in other
countries.
It has been over 130 years since Rizal set foot in Spain, yet he left tangible reminders of
his momentous stay in Madrid and in Spain in general.

The first ever Rizal Park in Switzerland was inaugurated in the city of Wassen in canton
Uri on 29th August 2014
Topic 3. The Life and Legacy of José Rizal: National Hero of The Philippines
Dr. José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, is not only admired for
possessing intellectual brilliance but also for taking a stand and resisting the Spanish
colonial government. While his death sparked a revolution to overthrow the tyranny,
Rizal will always be remembered for his compassion towards the Filipino people and the
country.
Humble beginnings
José Protasio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda was born on June 19, 1861 to
Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo in the town of Calamba in the province of
Laguna. He had nine

sisters and one brother. At the early age of three, the future political leader had already
learned the English alphabet. And, by the age
of five, José could already read and write.
Upon enrolling at the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila (now referred to as Ateneo De Manila
University), he dropped the last three names in
his full name, after his brother’s advice – hence,
being known as José Protasio Rizal. His
performance in school was outstanding –
winning various poetry contests, impressing his
professors with his familiarity of Castilian and
other foreign languages, and crafting literary
essays that were critical of the Spanish
historical accounts of pre-colonial Philippine
societies.
A man with multiple professions
While he originally obtained a land surveyor
and assessor’s degree in Ateneo, Rizal also took up a preparatory course on law at the
University of Santo Tomas (UST). But when he learned that his mother was going blind,
he decided to switch to medicine school in UST and later on specialized in
ophthalmology. In May 1882, he decided to travel to Madrid in Spain, and earned his
Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

Apart from being known as an expert in the field of medicine, a poet, and an
essayist, Rizal exhibited other amazing talents. He knew how to paint, sketch, and
make sculptures. Because he lived in Europe for about 10 years, he also became a
polyglot – conversant in 22 languages. Aside from poetry and creative writing, Rizal had
varying degrees of expertise in architecture, sociology, anthropology, fencing, martial
arts, and economics to name a few.
His novels awakened Philippine nationalism. Rizal had been very vocal against the
Spanish government, but in a peaceful and progressive manner. For him, “the pen was
mightier than the sword.” And through his writings, he exposed the corruption and
wrongdoings of government officials as well as the Spanish friars.
While in Barcelona, Rizal contributed essays, poems, allegories, and editorials to
the Spanish newspaper, La Solidaridad. Most of his writings, both in his essays and
editorials, centered on individual rights and freedom, specifically for the Filipino people.
As part of his reforms, he even called for the
inclusion of the Philippines to become a
province of Spain.
But, among his best works, two novels stood
out from the rest – Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me
Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Reign of the
Greed).
In both novels, Rizal harshly criticized the Spanish colonial rule in the country
and exposed the ills of Philippine society at the time. And because he wrote about the
injustices and brutalities of the Spaniards in the country, the authorities banned Filipinos
from reading the controversial books. Yet they were not able to ban it completely. As
more Filipinos read the books, their eyes opened to the truth that they were suffering
unspeakable abuses at the hands of the friars. These two novels by Rizal, now
considered his literary masterpieces, are said to have indirectly sparked the Philippine
Revolution.
Rizal’s unfateful days
Upon his return to the Philippines, Rizal formed a progressive organization called the La
Liga Filipina. This civic movement advocated social reforms through legal means. Now
Rizal was considered even more of a threat by the Spanish authorities (alongside his
novels and essays), which ultimately led to his exile in Dapitan in northern Mindanao.
This however did not stop him from continuing his plans for reform. While in
Dapitan, Rizal built a school, hospital, and water system. He also taught farming and
worked on agricultural projects such as using
abaca to make ropes.
In 1896, Rizal was granted leave by then
Governor-General Blanco, after volunteering to
travel to Cuba to serve as doctor to yellow fever
victims. But at that time, the Katipunan had a full-blown revolution and Rizal was
accused of being associated with the secret militant
society. On his way to Cuba, he was arrested in
Barcelona and sent back to Manila to stand for trial
before the court martial. Rizal was charged with
sedition, conspiracy, and rebellion – and therefore,
sentenced to death by firing squad.
Days before his execution, Rizal bid farewell to his motherland and countrymen
through one of his final letters, entitled Mi último adiós or My Last Farewell. Dr. José
Rizal was executed on the morning of December 30, 1896, in what was then called
Bagumbayan (now referred to as Luneta). Upon
hearing the command to shoot him, he faced
the squad and uttered in his final breath:
“Consummatum est” (It is finished). According
to historical accounts, only one bullet ended the
life of the Filipino martyr and hero.
His legacy lives on after his death, the Philippine Revolution continued until 1898.
And with the assistance of the United States, the Philippines declared its independence
from Spain on June 12, 1898. This was the time that the Philippine flag was waved at
General Emilio Aguinaldo’s residence in Kawit, Cavite.
Today, Dr. Rizal’s brilliance, compassion, courage, and patriotism are greatly
remembered and recognized by the Filipino people. His two novels are continuously
being analyzed by
students and professionals.
Colleges and universities in the Philippines even require their students to take a
subject which centers around the life and works of Rizal. Every year, the Filipinos
celebrate Rizal Day – December 30 each year – to commemorate his life and works.
Filipinos look back at how his founding of La Liga Filipina and his two novels had an
effect on the early beginnings of the Philippine Revolution. The people also recognize
his advocacy to achieve liberty through peaceful means rather than violent revolution.
In honor of Rizal, memorials and statues of the national hero can be found not
only within the Philippines, but in selected cities around the world. A road in the
Chanakyapuri area of New Delhi (India) and in Medan, Indonesia is named after him.
The José Rizal Bridge and Rizal Park in the city of Seattle are also dedicated to the late
hero.
Within the Philippines, there are streets, towns/cities, a university (Rizal
University), and a province named after him. Three species have also been named after
Rizal – the Draco rizali (a small lizard, known as a flying dragon), Apogania rizali (a very
rare kind of beetle with five horns) and the Rhacophorus rizali (a peculiar frog species).
To commemorate what he did for the country, the Philippines built a memorial
park for him – now referred to as Rizal Park, found in Manila. There lies a monument
which contains a standing bronze sculpture of Rizal, an obelisk, and a stone base said
to contain his remains. The monument stands near the place where he fell during his
execution in Luneta.
I. Recommended Learning Materials
Book
Zaide, G. (2012) Jose Rizal Life Works and Writings, Revised Millenium Edition
pages 58,78, 102-103, & 1089-190
Electronic Source
Alcantara, A. (2019) The Jose Rizal Square in Jinjiang, China. Retrieved April
21, 2019 from https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1802222
Cruz, A (2019) Tracking down Rizal in Czech Republic. Retrieved June 26, 2019
from https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/339084/tracking-down-rizal-in-
czech-republic/
Derheim, J. (2010) Dr. Jose Rizal Statue in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany Retrieved
Nov. 15, 2010 from
https://www.europeanfocus.com/dr-jose-rizal-statue-in-wilhelmsfeld-
germany/
Malasig, J (2019) The sun is always shining on a Jose Rizal monument in the
world. Retrieved January 16, 2019 from
https://www.interaksyon.com/trends-spotlights/2019/01/16/142298/the-sun-
is-always-shining-on-a-jose-rizal-monument-in-the-world/
Roldan, R. & Mabayo, R ( 2017) Jose Rizal in Present-Day Madrid. Retrieved

January 04, 2017 from https://www.philembassymadrid.com/rizal-madrid
Lee-Brago, P. (2014) Rizal Park opens in Switzerland. Retrieved September 5,
2014 from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/09/05/1365568/rizal-
park-opens-switzerland
GOVPH (2015) Selection and Proclamation of National Heroes and Laws

Honoring Filipino Historical Figures. Retrieved May 18, 2015 from
http/ncaa.gov.ph/about-culture-profile/selection-and-proclamation-of-
national-heroes-and-laws-honoring-filipino-historical-figures/
II. Flexible Teaching Learning Modality (FTLM) adopted
A. Online (Synchronous)- Zoom meetings or video call via messenger
Students shall be advised to have a face to face meeting with their mentors
and shall decide, if what mode of learning would be adopted as the case maybe,
and to clarify things which are relevant to the learning activities.
B. Remote (Synchronous) Module
Students should be provided with the following: syllabus, course
outline, and module. These documents should be distributed among the learners
during the first day of classes
III. Assessment Task
Answer the following questions.
1. Distinguish nationality from nationalism
2. Cite a situation where nationalism is being observed.
3. What are the pieces of evidence that Rizal contributed to the development of Philippine
nationalism?
4. Give some reasons, why Jose Rizal is being recognized in other countries as an
important Filipino figure.
5. Compose a spoken poetry which consists of not less than 500 words in honor of our
national hero. Recite your output and take a video of it, then send to your instructor/
professor via messenger for evaluation including e-copy of the poetry.

Criteria for the Spoken Poetry
Relevance to the topic-50%
Creativity/Style and Originality-30%
Coherence of form and structure (harmony of words, presentation)-10%
Clarity of imagery and language- 10
IV. References
Electronic Source
Executive Order #75 series of 1993 Retrieved from

https://www.officialgazatte.gov.ph/1993/03/29/executive-order-no-75-1993/
Galang, D. (2012) THE GATES TO HEROISM: DEFINING A FILIPINO HERO.

Retrieved September 5, 2012 from http://nhcp.gov.ph/the-gates-to-heroism-
defining-a-filipino-hero/
Valdeavilla, R. (20180) The Life and Legacy of José Rizal: National Hero of The
Philippines Retrieved June 8, 2018 from
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-life-and-legacy-of-jose-rizal-
the-philippines-national-hero

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Republic of the Philippin

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

Module 11 - Jose Rizal and Philippine Nationalism- National Symbol

At the end this module, the students should be able to:

 Identify the different contributions of Rizal in the development of Philippine

 .Examine the values highlighted by various representations of Rizal as a national

 Advocate the value Rizal’s life encapsulates.

suggested articles relevant to the different topics.

Topic 1. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 75 Series of 1993

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 75, Series of 1993

CREATING THE NATIONAL HEROES COMMITTEE UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE

directed, and continue to direct, the historic destiny of the country;

WHEREAS, it is timely and appropriate to proclaim these National Heroes, the

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FIDEL V. RAMOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the

powers vested in me by law, do hereby order:

SEC. 1. A National Heroes Committee is hereby created, composed of the Secretary of

the Secretary of National Defense as Members, to study and recommend the

proclamation of National Heroes.

SEC. 2. All departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and instrumentalities of the

Government, including government-owned or controlled corporations, are hereby

performance of its functions.

the performance of its functions.

SEC. 5. This Executive Order shall take effect immediately.

hundred and ninety-three.

(Sgd.) FIDEL V. RAMOS

President of the Philippines

(Sgd.) ANTONIO T. CARPIO

Chief Presidential Legal Counsel

THE GATES TO HEROISM: DEFINING A FILIPINO HERO

we should ask ourselves before giving the title “hero” to anyone.

taking an admirable part in any remarkable action or event; a person of distinguished

the public’s questions.

politician’s speeches, declaring holidays, naming streets, constructing monuments, etc.

Committee was created, commissioned to study, evaluate and recommend historical

figures to be declared as national heroes. The Committee composed of worthy

members, with a series of discussions came up with the new criteria.

The criteria is composed of 10 standards:

most of all the method of attainment should be morally valid).

any immorality issue that affected his ideal).

situation especially when there’s a threat of invasion in any form).

acknowledged the person as a hero).

future generations must be seen in his decisions and ideals).

power to govern our country.

Topic 2. Monuments of Rizal in the different countries of the world

NEW SOUTH WALES, Australia – The Knights of

Rizal in Australia led the commemoration of the

122nd Anniversary of the Martyrdom of

Philippine National Hero Dr. Jose P. Rizal on 30 December 2018 in Campbelltown

City and Blacktown City in New South Wales.

Jose Rizal Plaza is surrounded by beautiful greenery and flowers at Jinjiang

Long-winding cobblestoned Jose Rizal, on a hilly slope in Litomerice

Old-timers and German Rizalistas of Heidelberg pay respect to our national

share fond memories of our hero’s memorable six-month sojourn in

Heidelberg and Wilhelmsfeld, which they reminisce with particular devotion

An Intimate Ceremony of Remembrance of Rizal’s Birth at Hibiya Park in Tokyo

his momentous stay in Madrid and in Spain in general.

Uri on 29th August 2014

Laguna. He had nine

learned the English alphabet. And, by the age

of five, José could already read and write.

Upon enrolling at the Ateneo Municipal de