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Continuous Time Signals Part II Fourier Transform
Continuous Time Signals Part II Fourier Transform
2. A signal x(t) has a Fourier transform X(ω). If x(t) is a real and odd
function of t, them X(ω) is
(a) a real and even function of ω
(b) an imaginary and odd function of ω
(c) an imaginary and even function of ω
(d) a real and odd function of ω
[GATE 1999: 1 Mark]
Soln. If 𝑓(𝑡) is real and even then 𝐹(𝜔) is real
Even → 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑓(−𝑡)
𝐹(𝜔) = 𝐹(−𝜔)
Real → 𝑓(−𝜔) = 𝑓 ∗ (𝜔)
Or 𝐹(𝜔) = 𝐹 ∗ (𝜔)
If 𝑓(𝑡) is real and odd
𝐹(𝜔) is pure imaginary
odd → 𝑓(𝑡) = −𝑓(−𝑡)
𝐹(𝜔) = −𝐹(−𝜔)
Option (b)
∞
2 2
ℱ[𝑒 −𝜋𝑡 ] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝜋𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞
After evaluation of integral one gets
2 2
ℱ[𝑒 −𝜋𝑡 ] = 𝑒 −𝜋𝑓
When area under Gaussian pulse and central ordinate of the pulse is
unity, it is said to be normalized Gaussian pulse. Such pulse is its own
Fourier Transform
Option (c)
2
6. The Fourier Transform of the signal 𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡 is of the following
from where A and B are constants:
(a) 𝐴 𝑒 −𝐵|𝑓| (c) 𝐴 + 𝐵 |𝑓 |2
2
(b) 𝐴 𝑒 −𝐵𝑓 (d) 𝐴 𝑒 −𝐵𝑓
[GATE 2000: 1 Mark]
Soln. The Fourier Transform of a normalized Gaussian pulse is also normalized
Gaussian pulse
2
For 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝜋 2 ⁄4𝑎
𝐺 (𝜔) = √ 𝑒 −𝜔
𝑎
𝜋 2 ⁄4×3
So, 𝑋(𝜔) = √ . 𝑒 −𝜔
3
𝜋 2 ⁄12
𝑋(𝜔) = √ . 𝑒 −𝜔
3
Option (d)
7. The function f(t) has Fourier Transform g(ω). The Fourier Transform of
∞
1 (c) 2𝜋𝑓(−𝜔)
(a) 𝑓(𝜔)
2𝜋
1 (d) 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒
(b) 𝑓(−𝜔)
2𝜋
[GATE 1997: 1 Mark]
Soln. Given
Then F [g(t)] ?
Inverse transform
∞
1
𝑓(𝑡) = ∫ 𝐹(𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2
−∞
∞
∞
1
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑥(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑋(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋
−∞
Then
∞
𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 1 𝑑
= . [ ∫ 𝑋(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔]
𝑑𝑡 2𝜋 𝑑𝑡
−∞
∞
1 𝑑
= ∫ {𝑋(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 } 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 𝑑𝑡
−∞
∞
1
= ∫ 𝑗𝜔 𝑋(𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋
−∞
= ℱ −1 [𝑗𝜔 𝑋(𝜔)]
= ℱ −1 [𝑗2𝜋 𝑋(𝑓)]
This shows that differentiation in time domain is equivalent to
multiplication by 𝑗𝜔 = 𝑗2𝜋𝑓 in frequency domain
Option (b)
9. The Fourier transform of a voltage signal x(t) is X(f). The unit of |𝑋(𝑓)|is
(a) Volt (c) Volt / sec
(b) Volt – sec (d) Volt2
[GATE 1998: 1 Mark]
10. If a signal 𝑓(𝑡) has energy E, the energy of the signal 𝑓(2𝑡) is equal to
(a) E (c) 2E
(b) E/2 (d) 4E
[GATE 2001: 1 Mark]
Soln. Given,
Signal 𝑓(𝑡) has energy E.
Find energy of the signal 𝑓(2𝑡).
Energy of signal
∞
𝑓(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑓 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
−∞
= ∫ 𝑓 2 (2𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
−∞
∞
𝑑𝜏 𝐸
= ∫ 𝑓 2 (𝜏) =
2 2
−∞
Option (b)
Scaling property
1 3𝜔 𝑗𝜔
𝑥(5𝑡 − 3) = 𝑒 −𝑗 5 × ( )
5 5
Option (a)
13. If the Fourier Transform of a deterministic signal g(t) is G(f), then
Items – 1
(1) The Fourier Transform of 𝑔(𝑡 − 2) is
(2) The Fourier Transform of 𝑔(𝑡/2) is
Items – 2
(A) 𝐺(𝑓)𝑒 −𝑗 (4𝜋𝑓)
(B) G(2f)
(C) 2G(2f)
(D) G(f - 2)
Match each of the items 1, 2 on the left with the most appropriate item A,
B, C, or D on the right.
[GATE 1997: 2 Marks]
Soln. 𝑔(𝑡) ↔ 𝐺(𝑓)
Option 1 – A, 2 – C
14. Let x(t) and y(t) (with Fourier transform X(f) and Y(f) respectively) be
related as shown in Figure (1) & (2).
Then 𝑌(𝑓) is
1
(a) − 𝑋(𝑓 ⁄2)𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝑓 (c) −𝑋(𝑓 ⁄2)𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑓
2
1 (d) −𝑋(𝑓 ⁄2)𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝑓
(b) − 𝑋(𝑓 ⁄2)𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑓
2
y(t)
x(t)
t -2 -1 0 t
-2 0 2
-1
Option (b)
15.For a signal x(t) the Fourier transform is X(f). Then the inverse Fourier
transform of X(3f + 2) is given by
1 𝑡
(a) 𝑥 ( ) 𝑒 𝑗3𝜋𝑡 (c) 3𝑥 (3𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗 4𝜋𝑡
2 2
1 𝑡 (d) 𝑥 (3𝑡 + 2)
−𝑗4𝜋/3
(b) 𝑥 ( ) 𝑒
3 3
[GATE 2005: 2 Marks]
Soln. In this problem we use the following two properties of Fourier Transform
If 𝑥(𝑡) → 𝑋(𝑓)
16. Two of the angular frequencies at which its Fourier transform becomes
zero are
(a) 𝜋, 2𝜋 (c) 0, 𝜋
(b) 0.5 𝜋, 1.5 𝜋 (d) 2 𝜋, 2.5 𝜋
[GATE 2008: 2 Marks]
Soln. The given time function 𝑥(𝑡) is shown is figure
-1 0 1
Its Fourier Transform 𝑋(𝑓) is given by
𝑋(𝑓) = 2 sin 𝑐(2𝑓)
= 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓 = 0
= 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 2𝑓 = ±1, ±2, − − − −
Or 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = ±𝜋, ±2𝜋, ±3𝜋, − − − − −
Option (a)
2 sin 2𝜔 . cos 𝜔
=
𝜔
sin 3𝜔 + sin 𝜔
=
𝜔
sin 3𝜔 sin 𝜔
= +
𝜔 𝜔
3 0 3
-1 0 1
So, inverse Fourier Transform of 𝐻(𝑗𝜔)
ℎ(𝑡) = ℎ1 (𝑡) + ℎ2 (𝑡)
1 1
ℎ(0) = ℎ1 (0) + ℎ2 (0) = + =1
2 2
Option (c)
2
18. Let 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝜋𝑡 , and ℎ(𝑡) is filter marched to 𝑔(𝑡). If 𝑔(𝑡) is applied
as input to ℎ(𝑡), then the Fourier transform of the output is
2
(a) 𝑒 −𝜋𝑡 (c) 𝑒 −𝜋|𝑓|
2 2
(b) 𝑒 −𝜋𝑓 ⁄2 (d) 𝑒 −2𝜋𝑓
[GATE 2013: 1 Mark]
2
Soln. Given, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝜋𝑡
ℎ(𝑡) 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑔(𝑡)
2
𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝜋𝑡 (𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒)
2
𝐺(𝑓) = 𝑒 −𝜋𝑓 (𝐹𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒)
2
ℎ(𝑓) = 𝑒 −𝜋𝑓 (𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑑)
2 2
𝑦(𝑓) = 𝐺(𝑓) . ℎ(𝑓) = 𝑒 −𝜋𝑓 . 𝑒 −𝜋𝑓
2
𝑦(𝑓) = 𝑒 −2𝜋𝑓
Option (d)
19. The value of the integral
∞
Soln. The given integral gives the energy of the signal sin 𝑐 (5𝑡)
∞ ∞
1
𝐸𝑓 = ∫ |𝑓(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ |𝐹(𝜔)|2 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋
−∞ −∞
5𝜋
1
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = ∫ (1⁄5)2 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋
−5𝜋
1 1
= (10𝜋) = = 0.2
50𝜋 5
Answer 0.2