September 3, 2021

Evangelista, Allysa Joi M.

BSN III-B

Graded Discussion # 3 - Nursing Care Management of Clients with Upper Respiratory

Disorders

1. Enumerate different strategies (at least five) to prevent the occurrence of upper respiratory infections.

 Maintain proper personal hygiene:

 Perform proper hand-washing regularly; use alcohol-based sanitizers when soap and clean
water are not readily available.
 Cover nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing.
 Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
 Avoid sharing personal items such as eating or drinking utensils, toothbrushes, and towels
(especially with sick persons).
 Wear face mask, face shield, and PPE when necessary.

 Boost the body’s immune system:

 Maintain a healthy diet; increase intake of fruits and vegetables.

 Achieve at least 8 hours of sleep.
 Exercise regularly.
 Minimize stress.
 Hydrate; avoid caffeine and alcohol.
 Take vitamins regularly, unless contraindicated.

 Keep distance; practice social distancing:

 Avoid crowded places.

 Minimize close contact with persons who have symptoms of respiratory illness, such as
coughingor sneezing.
 Avoid contact with droplets or secretions of saliva, mucus and tears that may be in inanimate
objects — fomites.
 If feeling sick, isolate until well.

 Maintain a clean environment:

 Wipe up visible material with paper towels and dispose of used towels in a plastic garbage
bag
 Disinfect using any standard household disinfectant

 Get vaccinated: Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to present diseases, especially if
caused by viruses and bacteria. Examples of vaccines are for COVID-19, Influenza, Pneumonia,
TB, and Pertussis.

2. What are the possible complications of repeated bouts of Tonsillitis and Adenoiditis and why? Please discuss it
in relation to the causative organism.
The most common bacterium causing tonsillitis is Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus), the bacterium
that causes strep throat. Other strains of strep and other bacteria also may cause tonsillitis. Therefore, recurrent bouts of
tonsillitis and adenoiditis could lead to complications such as:

 Peritonsillar abscesses. It is a collection of pus between the pharyngeal constrictor muscle

and tonsillar capsule, and tonsillitis symptoms often precede their appearance.
  Rheumatic fever. It is an inflammatory, immunological disease that occurs following
infection with group A Streptococcus.
 Carditis. It occurs when germs, usually bacteria, enter your bloodstream, travel to your
heart, and attach to abnormal heart valves or damaged heart tissue.
 Sydenham chorea. It is a neurological disorder of childhood resulting from infection via
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS).
 Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. It is an immune-mediated disorder following
infection with Group A streptococcus.
 Lemierre disease. It is a severe illness caused by the anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium
necrophorum, the infection originates in the throat and spreads via a septic
thrombophlebitis of the tonsillar vein and internal jugular vein.

 Speech abnormalities
 Otitis media
 Acute sinusitis
 Pneumonia
 Adenoid hyperplasia
 Sleep apnea
 Glomerulonephritis
 Tonsilloliths
 Scarlet fever

3. What are the Nursing Care Managements in handling clients with Acute and Chronic Pharyngitis?

The following are the nursing management for clients with Acute Pharyngitis:

 Instruct patient to stay in bed and rest during the febrile period of illness.
 Used tissues are to be disposed properly to prevent spread of infection.
 Examine skin once or twice daily for possible rash.
 Use warm saline gargles or irrigations when performing oral hygiene.
 Instruct to resume activity gradually.
 Instruct client and significant others about the importance of taking the full course of
antibiotic therapy; educate about the signs and symptoms that may indicate
complications.

The following are the nursing management for clients with Chronic Pharyngitis:

 Instruct patient to avoid contact with others unless fever subsides to prevent the spread
of infection.
 Instruct patient to avoid alcohol, tobacco, second-hand smoke, and exposure to cold.
 Advise patient to wear face mask to minimize exposure to pollutants.
 Encourage to increase fluid intake.
 Use warm saline solutions to relieve throat discomfort; lozenges may keep throat
moistened.
References:
 Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/disease/respiratoryic.html
 Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544342/#article-30256.s11
 Smeltzer, S. & Bare, B. (2004). Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-surgical Nursing, 10th Edition. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins. Pages 498-499.