使用说明手册

OPERATION MANUAL
——宽通道式换热器
Welded Wide Gap Plate Heat Exchanger

筱恩能源科技（上海）有限公司
SHINEHEAT TECH (SHANGHAI) CO., LTD.
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

目 录 Catalogue
第一章 致用户 To Users ········································································································································· 1
第二章 总则 General Rules ································································································································· 3
2.1 产品简介 Product Introduction ············································································································· 3
2.1.1 产品概述 Product Overview ······································································································· 3
2.1.2 产品构成 Product Composition ································································································ 3
2.1.3 产品结构示意 Product Structure Diagram ············································································· 4
2.1.4 主要技术参数 Main Technical Parameters ············································································· 4
2.2 产品性能 Product Properties ················································································································· 5
2.2.1 压力和温度范围 Pressure and Temperature Range ···························································· 5
2.2.2 流量 Flow Rate ······························································································································· 5
2.3 使用前工况条件确认 Confirm Condition before Using·································································· 5
第三章 安装 Installation ········································································································································ 7
3.1 吊运 Hoisting ·············································································································································· 7
3.2 安装 Installation········································································································································· 8
3.2.1 管路 Pipeline ··································································································································· 8
3.2.2 关断阀 Shut-off Valves ················································································································· 8
3.2.3 过滤器 Filter ····································································································································· 9
3.2.4 控制和调整 Controls and Adjustments ·················································································· 9
3.2.5 排净 Evacuation ····························································································································· 9
3.3 安装空间 Installation Space ················································································································ 10
3.4 基础 Foundation ····································································································································· 11
3.4.1 基础 Foundation ························································································································· 11
3.4.2 就位安装 Erecting and Setting ······························································································· 11
3.5 水蒸汽凝结物及不凝物的排放 Discharge of Vapor Condensate and Noncondensate ····· 12
3.6 调试 Debugging ····································································································································· 13
第四章 安调试全注意事项 Safety Precaution ······························································································· 14
4.1 生产日期 Date of Manufacture ·········································································································· 14
4.2 安全操作要点 Safe Operation ············································································································· 14
4.3 异常情况上报 Report of Abnormal Situation ················································································ 14
第五章 运行操作 Operation ································································································································ 16
5.1 运行操作前准备及注意事项 Preparation and Precautions before operation ······················· 16
5.2 运行操作步骤 Operation Steps ··········································································································· 16
5.2.1 启动 Startup ································································································································· 16
5.2.2 关闭 Shutdown···························································································································· 16
5.2.3 不凝气排放 Non Condensable Gas Discharge ··································································· 17
5.3 启动和关闭注意事项 Startup and Shutdown Consideration····················································· 17
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

5.4 运行监控 Operation Monitoring ······································································································· 18

第六章 维护与保养 Maintenance ····················································································································· 21
6.1 拆解 Disassemble ··································································································································· 21
6.2 胶垫 Gaskets ············································································································································ 21
6.3 夹紧 Clamp ··············································································································································· 22
6.4 水压试验 Pressure Test ························································································································· 22
6.5 维护检修注意事项 Precautions for Maintenance ········································································· 23
6.6 停运保养 Outage Maintenance ········································································································· 24
6.6.1 短期停运保养 Short-term Outage Maintenance ······························································ 25
6.6.2 长期停用保养 Long-term Outage Maintenance ······························································· 25
第七章 清洗 Cleaning ·········································································································································· 27
7.1 清洗方法 Cleaning Method ················································································································· 27
7.1.1 物理方法 Physical Method······································································································· 27
7.1.2 化学清洗 Chemical Method ···································································································· 27
7.1.3 在线清洗过程 Cleaning Process on-site ··············································································· 28
第八章 故障分析与排除 Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting ······························································ 30
8.1 泄漏检查 Leak Detection······················································································································ 30
8.1.1 外部泄漏 External Leakage ······································································································ 30
8.1.2 内部泄漏 Internal Leakage······································································································· 30
8.2 压力降问题现象 Pressure Drop Problem ·························································································· 31
第九章 贮存 Storage ············································································································································ 33
9.1 环境影响 Environment Implication ·································································································· 33
9.2 推荐的贮存方法 Recommended Storage Method ······································································· 33
9.3 排空与干燥 Drain and Dry ··················································································································· 34
第十章 开箱及检查 Unpacking and Inspection ···························································································· 35
10.1 开箱注意事项 Notes for Unpacking ································································································· 35
10.2 检查内容 Examination ·························································································································· 35
10.2.1 软件 Software ···························································································································· 35
10.2.2 外观检查 Appearance Check ································································································ 35
10.3 发现问题 Find the Problem ················································································································· 35
第十一章 安全和环保 Safety and Environmental Protection ·································································· 37
11.1 包装物 Wrappage ································································································································ 37
11.2 设备维修维护 Equipment Maintenance ························································································ 37
11.3 设备吊装 Equipment Hoisting ········································································································· 38
11.4 应急措施 Emergency Measure ········································································································ 38
附表 1 客户意见反馈单 Customer Feedback Sheet ··················································································· 40
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第一章 致用户 Chapter 1 To Uers

尊敬的用户：

您好！感谢您选购筱恩能源换热器，为更好的了解和使用设备，

在安装和使用本设备之前，请您仔细阅读说明手册，尤其是直

接对此设备进行安装、操作以及维修的人员，请务必保存好此

说明手册，以备将来使用查阅！

请您严格按照本说明手册内容要求对换热器进行操作，对于因

用户不按手册的指导操作而造成的设备故障及损坏，不在我公

司的质保范围之内。

如您的换热器使用中出现本手册范围以外的特殊故障，请及时

与筱恩能源公司联系，本公司将会给您满意答复。

Dear users,

Thanks for purchasing Shineheat heat exchanger. In order to better understand and use the
equipment, please read the Operation Manual carefully before installing and using, especially the
person who will directly install, operate and maintain the equipment. Please be sure to keep this
operation manual for future use.

Please operate the heat exchanger in strict accordance with the requirements of this manual. The
failure and damage of equipment caused by the user who doesn’t follow the instruction of the
manual is not covered by our warranty.

If there is any special fault outside the scope of this manual when using your heat exchanger,
please contact Shineheat Tech in time, we will get back to you ASAP.

根据说明书规定，以下所述情况不在质保范围内：

（一）没有严格按本说明书进行维护保养；（二）不是由我公司人员实施的维修工作或事先未得到我公司

书面同意的维修；（三）未得到我公司书面同意而对设备作改变；（四）未正确使用设备、粗心地使用设

1
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

备或未按设备原设计的功能来使用设备等。

According to the Manual, the following situations are not covered by the warranty:
(1) maintenance is not carried out in strict accordance with this manual;(2) maintenance work not
carried out by our personnel or without prior written consent of our company;(3) change the
equipment without the written consent of our company;(4) incorrect use of equipment, careless use
of equipment or failure to use the equipment according to the original design functions.

本说明书包含的所有技术信息，包括图纸、技术规程等均属于本公司知识产权，未经我公司的书面授权不

得拷贝、复印、传递给第三方。

All the technical information contained in this manual, including drawings and technical
specifications, belongs to the intellectual property of Shineheat Tech, and shall not be copied or
transmitted to any third party without the written authorization of our company.
.
在应用本说明书之前，应适当考虑其他协同设备的要求和一些特殊情况。说明书中并未包括设备的所有细

节，也不可能涵盖和描述设备在运行和维修中可能产生的一切不可预见的意外情况。

Prior to using this manual, due consideration should be taken to the requirements of other
cooperative equipment and some special circumstances. The manual does not include all the
details of the equipment, and it is impossible to cover and describe all the unforeseen accidents
that may occur in the operation and maintenance.

为了保证设备长期安全可靠地运行，并达到设计的预期效果，望用户保证日常的正确操作及适当的保养。

此外，正确的安装和调试亦很重要，望操作人员能切实贯彻说明书中相关条例。

In order to ensure the long-term safe and reliable operation of the equipment and to achieve the
desired effect of the design, users are expected to ensure the correct daily operation and proper
maintenance. In addition, the correct installation and commissioning are also very important. It is
hoped that the operators can effectively implement the relevant regulations in the manual.

本使用说明手册如有变更，不另行通知。

This manual is subject to change without prior notice.

2
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第二章 总则 Chapter 2 General Rules

2.1 产品简介 Product Introduction

2.1.1 产品概述 Product Overview

宽通道换热器是筱恩能源公司一种全部采用焊接方式制造的板式换热器。

Wide channel heat exchanger is a kind of Plate Heat Exchanger made entirely by welding in
Shineheat.

宽通道板式换热器由板片芯体、压紧板、夹紧螺栓、管箱及支座等组成。换热器的结构形式采用了宽窄通

道的组合模式，宽流道走有颗粒介质，窄流道走冷介质或热介质。根据冷热介质参数的不同，可以设计制

作不同的宽、窄流道间距。由于换热器板片的特殊设计，确保了宽流道的间隙，使流体流动畅通无阻、无

死区，不容易产生沉积、堵塞等现象。特别适用于冶金、化工、制糖、酒精、造纸等行业生产工艺流程中

含有大量固体颗粒与纤维悬浮物，以及粘稠状液体的加热及冷却。

Wide channel plate heat exchanger is composed of plate core, pressing plate, clamping bolt, pipe
box and support. This heat exchanger structure adopts the combination mode of wide channels (for
granular medium) and narrow channels (for cold or hot medium). The wide and narrow channel
spacing can be designed according to the different parameters of the hot and cold medium. The
special design of plate makes sure the fluid flow is unimpeded, no dead zone, not easy to produce
deposition, blockage and other phenomena. It is especially suitable for the heating and cooling of
viscous liquid and a large number of solid particles and fiber suspended matter in the production
process of metallurgy, chemical industry, sugar, alcohol, papermaking and other industries.

2.1.2 产品构成 Product Composition

主要由板片芯体、方法兰、方管箱、

（上、下）压紧板、密封垫、夹紧

螺栓、地脚支座等组成。

具体见右图 2-1

Wide channel plate heat exchanger is composed

of plate core, pressing plate (up and down), clamping bolt, pipe box and support. See Figure 2-1

3
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

图 2-1 全焊式宽通道板式换热器标准模板分解图

Figure 2-1 Standard decomposition of Welded Wide Gap Plate Heat Exchanger

2.1.3 产品结构示意 Product Structure Diagram

根据不同行业需求，宽通道换热器设计为不同结构，参见下图。

Wide channel heat exchangers are designed with different structures according to the requirements
of different industries, see the following figure.

2.1.4 主要技术参数 Main Technical Parameters

设计压力 Design Pressure：P≤1.6MPa，最高承压能力 Max. Pressure≤2.0MPa

4
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

设计温度 Design Temperature：-70~200℃

板片厚度 Plate thickness：1.0~2.0mm

板片材质：奥氏体不锈钢，如 304、316L、304L、321、双相钢等。

Plate material: Austenitic Stainless Steel, such as 304, 316L, 304L, 321, duplex steel, etc.

产品的设计、制造、检验和试验执行标准 ASME、NB/T47004.1、GB150.1-150.4。

Standards of design, manufacture, inspection and test: ASME, NB/T47004.1, gb150.1-150.4

2.2 产品性能 Product Properties

2.2.1 压力和温度范围 Pressure and Temperature Range

换热器在运行时，坚决不能超过铭牌上标识的设计压力和设计温度。

It must not exceed the design pressure and design temperature marked on the nameplate when the
heat exchanger is in operation,

2.2.2 流量 Flow Rate

换热器运行的最大允许流量不超过热工计算书中额定流量的 10%，另最低流量不能低于额定流量的

50%(根据介质情况，适当调整），否则低流量流速过低，导致介质沉淀结垢，造成设备堵塞。

The maximum allowable flow rate of heat exchanger operation shall not exceed 10% of the rated
flow rate in the thermal calculation sheet, and the minimum flow rate shall not be lower than 50% of
the rated flow rate (adjusted appropriately according to the condition of the medium). If the low flow
rate is too low, it will cause medium precipitation and scale, resulting in the blockage of the
equipment.

2.3 使用前工况条件确认 Confirm Condition before Using

在用户收到设备及竣工资料后，应根据现场实际使用工况进行以下条件确认，以免造成不必要的经济损失，

如有疑问请与相关设计院或筱恩能源公司进行咨询。

After receiving the equipment and the completion documents, the conditions below shall be
confirmed according to the actual operating conditions on the site, so as to avoid unnecessary
economic losses. If you have any questions, please consult with the relevant design institute or
Shineheat.

2.3.1 两侧流量、操作温度和操作压力参数是否与设计参数相符；

Whether the flow rate, operating temperature and operating pressure parameters on both sides are

5
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

consistent with the design parameters;

2.3.2 设备投运前，用户应确认介质情况，包括含盐量及有害成份，同时，循环水还要考虑到它的浓缩导

致含盐量及有害成份浓度增加的情况，避免出现腐蚀破坏事故（如含盐量高的水可导致的电偶腐蚀，氯离

子对奥氏体不锈钢的应力腐蚀或点蚀，以及氨对碳钢及低合金的应力腐蚀等）。

Before the equipment was put into operation, the user shall confirm the media, including salt and
harmful ingredients. At the same time, the enrichment of circulating water, which could lead to an
increase in salinity and concentration of harmful ingredients, must be considered to avoid corrosion
damage accident (such as the high salinity water can cause galvanic corrosion, chlorine ion causes
stress corrosion or pitting of austenitic stainless steel, and ammonia causes the stress corrosion of
carbon steel and low alloy, etc.).

2.3.3 确认管路连接是否符合设备介质标识。

Confirm the pipeline connection conforms to the equipment medium identification.

2.3.4 确认临时性内部系统调试时，介质是否放空、排净，防止设备冻裂。

Confirm whether the medium is emptied and drained during the temporary internal system
debugging to prevent the equipment from freezing and cracking.

2.3.5 确认介质是否有害和易燃，防止不当操作引起财产损失。

Confirm whether the medium is harmful and flammable to prevent property loss caused by
improper operation.

2.3.6 对易燃、有一定危害介质，确认介质发生泄漏，系统中是否设有报警装置和有效应急措施，降低对

周围环境、系统影响。

For inflammable and harmful medium, confirm whether the system is equipped with alarm device
and effective emergency measures when leakage occurs to reduce the impact on the surrounding
environment and system.

提示 Tips：

> 对于每台设备、铭牌上的设计压力和设计温度是不允许超过的

The design pressure and design temperature on the nameplate is not allowed to exceed

> 管路连接介质流向与竣工文件相符

The flow direction of pipeline connection is consistent with the completion documents.

> 设备温度端差不得超过设计工况下最大极限组合

The temperature difference of the equipment shall not exceed the maximum limit of the design
condition.

6
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第三章 安装 Installation

3.1 吊运 Hoisting

3.1.1 水平安装 Horizontal Installation

3.1.1.1 设备接管、管箱决不能用于吊运整机设备

Equipment nozzles and pipe boxes should never be used for hoisting the whole equipment

3.1.1.2 不允许使用管箱吊耳去吊起整套设备

Pipe box lifting lugs are not allowed to lift the whole equipment

3.1.1.3 当吊起的设备重达 6 吨或更多，则建议起吊的吊缆之间的夹角不超过 90°

It is recommended that the included Angle between the hoisting cables should not exceed 90°when
the hoisting equipment weighs 6 tons or more.

3.1.1.4 禁止利用接管附加额外负载

Do not use a connecting pipe to add extra load.

3.1.2 垂直安装 Vertical Installation

换热器垂直安装时，先置于水平位置，并且最好使用 2 个吊钩，如图 1 所示。

缓慢降低底端，直到仅用上面的吊耳起吊，见图 2。

取下低端的吊绳并转换 180°。在自由端的吊耳上挂一个吊绳，并将整机起吊到垂直位置（图 3）。

如果有要求，将整机放在木块上，以免螺栓受载，然后用一个吊钩将换热器放到最终的安装位置上。

7
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

When the heat exchanger is installed vertically, it should be placed in the horizontal position first,
and it is better to use 2 hooks, as shown in FIG. 1.
Slowly lower the bottom end until only the upper lifting lug is used, as shown in figure 2.
Remove the lower end of the sling and switch to 180°. Hang a lifting rope on the lifting lug of the
free end and lift the whole machine to a vertical position (figure 3).
If required, place the equipment on a wooden block to prevent bolts from being loaded, and then
use a hook to place the heat exchanger on the final mounting position.

图1 图2 图3 图4

3.2 安装 Installation

3.2.1 管路 Pipeline

以下是一些很好的管道和设备的控制措施，遵守这些建议将确保换热器的使用寿命和无故障维修；

Followings are some good control measures for pipes and whole equipment. Compliance with
these recommendations will ensure the service life of the heat exchanger and trouble-free
maintenance;

3.2.1.1 确保换热器不受到管道或其他设备所带来杂质的堵塞。

Ensure that the heat exchanger is not blocked by impurities from pipes or other equipment.

3.2.1.2 确保在管道系统的灵活性，以便于换热器接口能够承受管道热膨胀引起的加载。

Ensure the flexibility in the pipeline system so that the heat exchanger interface can withstand the
load caused by the thermal expansion of the pipeline.

3.2.1.3 建议在换热器的进出口连接管道上设置关断阀和过滤器，使换热器可以关闭和重新启动，而不会干

扰相邻系统和保持换热器内部清洁。

It is recommended to install a shutoff valve and a filter on the inlet and outlet connection pipe of the
heat exchanger so that the heat exchanger can be closed and restarted without interfering with
adjacent systems and keeping the heat exchanger clean.

3.2.2 关断阀 Shut-off Valves

8
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

宽通道换热器板端、管端的接管上宜设置关断阀，以便系统关闭、重新启动及拆卸、维护之用。阀门必须

保持良好的运行状态。

A shutoff valve should be installed on the pipe end and plate end of the wide channel heat
exchanger for the purpose of system closing, restarting, disassembly and maintenance. Valve must
be kept in good working condition.

3.2.3 过滤器 Filter

如果操作工况需要，或者液体中含有颗粒物，应在宽通道换热器的进口端安装过滤器，过滤器精度宜小于

2.5mm。

If the operating condition requires, or the liquid contains particulate matter, the filter should be
installed at the inlet end of the wide channel heat exchanger, and the filter precision should be less
than 2.5mm.

3.2.4 控制和调整 Control and Adjustment

当换热器使用时，换热器阀门应缓慢打开，在设备进行控制和调整时，应平稳进行调控，避免热冲击和机

械冲击，对系统产生振动。

When the heat exchanger is in use, the heat exchanger valve should be opened slowly. When the
equipment is controlled and adjusted, the valve should be adjusted smoothly to avoid thermal
shock and mechanical shock, resulting in vibration to the system.

3.2.5 排净 Evacuation

设备管路系统最高、最低点应设置排气、排液口，以便设备放气和排液。

The highest and lowest points of the equipment piping system shall be equipped with exhaust and
discharge ports to allow the equipment to vent and drain

管路安装示意图：

9
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

3.3 安装空间 Installation Space

按下面的步骤正确安装换热器。

Follow the steps below to install the heat exchanger correctly.

3.3.1 沿换热器的周边留有足够的自由空间。以便于维护人员和操作人员可以在周围自由安全的行动。

Sufficient space need to be left along the periphery of the heat exchanger so that maintenance
personnel and operators can move around freely and safely.

3.3.2 机械清洗或维修过程中，为便于打开换热器盲板，允许间隙值如图 1、图 2 所示。

The allowable clearance value shown in figure 1 and figure 2, facilitates the opening of the blind
plate of heat exchanger during cleaning or maintenance.

图 1 （立式） 图 2（卧式）

3.3.3 安装换热器并用地脚螺栓与地基固定时，需保证水平。

It shall be horizontal when installing and fixing it with anchor bolt and foundation.

注：地基的制作应考虑宽通道焊接式板式换热器充满液体时的重量导致的变形和由外围设施所引起的应

力。在吊挂设备时，确保地基的牢固。

Note: the fabrication of foundation shall take the deformation caused by the weight of the wide
channel plate heat exchanger when it is filled with liquid and the stress caused by the peripheral
facilities into account. Ensure the foundation is firm when hanging equipment.

3.3.4 换热器应在不移动管线的情况下可以方便的打开盲板。

The blind plate of the heat exchanger should be able to easily open without moving the pipeline.

3.3.5 与管线连接前，检查设备运输过程中的保护装置是否已完全去除，流道内是否有外来物。
10
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

Before connecting with the pipeline, check whether the protection device for transportation has
been completely removed and whether there are foreign objects in the flow passage.

3.4 基础 Foundation

3.4.1 基础 Foundation

基础必须足以防止设备下沉和产生过大的变形；基础尺寸应与支座相适应，基础可采用混凝土浇注，也可

采用钢结构。对于一端固定，一端滑动支座的宽通道换热器，当采用混凝土基础时，滑动支座的基础上面

应预埋基础板，基础板必须保持平整光光滑，以允许壳体自由膨胀，支座上的长圆孔即为此用；对于一端

固定，一端滚轮式支座的设备，当采用混凝土基础时，滚轮底座基础必须保持平整，以允许滑轮能够滑动

自如。

The foundation must be firm enough to prevent the equipment from sinking and causing excessive
deformation. The size of the foundation shall be suitable for the bearing and it may be cast in
concrete or constructed in steel. For a wide channel heat exchanger with one end fixed and the
other end sliding support, the foundation plate should be embedded on the foundation of the sliding
support when the concrete foundation is used. For equipment with one end fixed and the other end
roller bearing, the roller base foundation must be kept flat to allow the pulley to slide freely when a
concrete foundation is used.

3.4.2 就位安装 Erecting and Setting

卧式设备放置在基础上，水平校正; 立式设备放置在基础上，垂直校正，然后紧固螺母。

滑动支座上有地脚螺栓，应装有两个锁紧螺母，螺母与底板间应留有 1~3mm 的间隔。设备安装后，应在

设备不受外界应力的状态下连接管路及配件，避免强力装配。

Horizontal equipment shall be placed on the foundation, horizontal correction; Vertical equipment
shall be placed on the foundation, vertical correction, and then tighten the nut.
There are anchor bolts on the sliding support, with two locking nuts installed, and 1~3mm interval
shall be left between the nuts and the base plate. After the equipment is installed, connect the
pipeline and accessories in the condition that the equipment is not subjected to external stress.
Avoid strong assembly.

提示 Tips：

> 设备安装前，应将进出口管道清洗干净，防止砂石、油污等杂物进入设备，特别是禁止焊粒、焊接残留

物及含铁杂质进入设备，以免造成堵塞、损伤板片及板片腐蚀。
11
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

Before the equipment is installed, the import and export pipelines should be cleaned to prevent
sand, oil and other sundries from entering the equipment, especially the welding particles, welding
residues and iron impurities, so as to avoid blockage, damage to the plate and plate corrosion.

> 冷、热介质管路应设流量调节装置，进出口管路安装压力及温度检测仪表并设置关断阀。连接管路中应

设置带有阀门的旁通管路。在管路系统清洗时，防止管路中铁锈、泥沙等杂质进入循环系统，对设备造

成损害。

The cold and hot pipelines shall be equipped with flow regulating devices, and the inlet and outlet
pipelines shall be equipped with pressure and temperature measuring instruments and shut off
valves. A bypass line with a valve shall be provided in the connection line. To prevent the rust,
sediment and other impurities in the pipeline from entering the circulation system and causing
damage to the equipment when cleaning the pipeline system

> 用户必须按介质牌连接管路

The user must connect the pipeline according to the media plate

3.5 水蒸汽凝结物及不凝物的排放 Discharge of Vapor Condensate and Noncondensate

当两侧的循环蒸汽凝结或换热器的凝结气中含有不凝物时，必须安装能够长期使用的排气阀，排放这

些气体以防止其聚积。见下图

An exhaust valve must be installed when the two sides of the circulating steam condensates, or
there is non-condensable in condensation gas of the heat exchanger. It must be used for a long
time to discharge of these gases to prevent its accumulation. See picture below.

12
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

3.6 调试 Debugging

3.6.1 设备调试时，应严格按本手册要求操作。

It should be operated in strict accordance with the requirements of this manual when debugging the
equipment,

3.6.2 设备调试时，应清洗整个系统，并在入口接管上设置过滤网，开启放气口，关闭介质出口阀，缓慢

打开介质进口阀，使介质缓慢流入。首先通冷介质，然后通热介质。介质缓慢进入直至从放气口溢出，空

气排尽，关闭放气口，缓慢打开出口阀，注意温度变化，调整介质流量，使之保持在最佳工况温度。

The whole system should be cleaned，and a filter screen should be set on the inlet pipe before
debugging. Open the air outlet, close the medium outlet valve, and then slowly open the inlet valve
of the medium to allow the medium to flow in slowly. First pass the cold medium, then pass the hot
medium. The medium enters slowly until it overflows from the outlet and the air is exhausted. Close
the outlet and slowly open the outlet valve. Pay attention to the temperature change and adjust the
flow rate of the medium to keep it at the optimal working temperature.

3.6.3 开车或停车过程中，应逐渐升温或降温，缓慢升压或降压，避免造成压差过大和热冲击。

In the process of startup or shutoff, gradually increase or decrease the temperature, and slowly
increase or decrease the pressure to avoid too large pressure difference and thermal shock.

3.6.4 操作人员必须持证上岗，且需熟悉和了解产品相关安全法规和安全操作。

The operator must have certificate and be familiar with the safety regulations and safe operation
related to the product.

3.6.5 严禁带压拆卸或夹紧设备螺栓等紧固件。

Do not remove or clamp fasteners such as equipment bolts with pressure.

13
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第四章 安全注意事项 Safety Precaution

4.1 生产日期 Date of Manufacture

生产日期见设备铭牌 The production date is shown on the equipment nameplate

4.2 安全操作要点 Safe Operation

①设备在额定工况下运行；The equipment runs under rated working conditions;

②设备已定期检验；The equipment has been inspected regularly;

③操作人员培训上岗；Training of operators;

⑤严格遵守安全操作规程；Strictly abide by the safe operation procedures;

⑥加强安全检查；Strengthening safety inspections;

⑦禁止空载运行。No no-load operation is allowed.

4.3 异常情况上报 Report of Abnormal Situation

出现以下异常情况时应按规定程序上报：

The following abnormal situations shall be reported according to the prescribed procedures:

① 设备工作压力、介质温度或壁温超过规定值，采取措施仍不能得到有效控制；

If the working pressure, medium temperature or wall temperature of the equipment exceeds the
specified value, measures taken still cannot be effectively controlled;

② 主要受压元件发生裂缝、鼓包、变形、泄漏等危及安全的缺陷；

The main compression components crack, bulge, deformation, leakage and other dangerous safety
defects;

③ 安全附件失效；

Safety accessories are invalid;

④ 接管、紧固件失效，难以保证安全运行；

Connection Pipes and fastener failure, which is difficult to ensure safe operation;

⑤ 发生火灾直接威胁设备安全运行；

Fire directly threatens the safe operation of the equipment;

⑥ 设备液位超过规定采取措施仍不能得到有效控制；

14
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

The liquid level exceeds the specified value, measures taken still cannot be effectively controlled;

⑦ 设备与管道发生严重振动，危及安全运行；

The equipment and pipeline have serious vibration, which endangers the safe operation;

⑧ 其它异常情况。

Other abnormal conditions.

15
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第五章 运行操作 Operation

5.1 运行操作前准备及注意事项 Preparation and Precautions before operation

5.1.1 核对工艺连接管道符合竣工文件要求。

Verify that the process connection pipe conforms to the requirements of the completion document.

5.1.2 确认各管口法兰连接螺栓及设备夹紧螺栓紧固到位，无松动现象。

Confirm that the connecting bolts of the each nozzle flange and the clamping bolts of the equipment
are fastened in place without looseness.

5.1.3 在启动前，特别是经过长时间的存放后，应确保与产品连接的回路上的管道能够自由缩放或其他异

物不能堵塞流体通道。

Before starting, especially after a long period of storage, it shall be ensured that the pipeline on the
circuit connected to the product can be freely scaled and foreign matters do not block the fluid
passage.

5.1.4 对设备整体进行外观检查，各连接口阀门处于关闭状态。

Inspect the appearance of the whole equipment. Ensure the valves of each connection are closed.

5.2 运行操作步骤 Operation Steps

5.2.1 启动 Startup

5.2.1.1 冷启动 Cold Start

启动设备时，首先关闭泵和设备之间的进口阀，然后设备的出口阀门处于全开状态，打开排气阀，启动泵，

缓慢将进口阀门打开，当所有的空气已被清除，关闭排气阀。

When Startup, close the inlet valve between the pump and the equipment, then the outlet valve of
the equipment is in full open state. Then open the exhaust valve, start the pump, slowly open the
inlet valve. Close the exhaust valve when all the air has been cleared.

5.2.1.2 热启动

重复 5.2.1.1 过程启动热侧

Repeat 5.2.1.1 process to start the hot side.

5.2.2 关闭 Shut Down

5.2.2.1 临时关闭 Shut Down Temporary

16
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

当设备需要短暂的关闭，如检查、维护或泵停止工作时，操作步骤先关闭热侧，然后重复步骤关闭冷侧。

即：先缓慢关闭进口阀门，然后关闭泵，关闭出口阀门，最后排净和排气。

When equipment needs to be shut down for a short period, such as inspection, maintenance, or
when the pump stops working, close the hot side first and then repeats the procedure to close the
cold side. Namely: first slowly close the inlet valve, then close the pump, close the outlet valve,
finally purge and exhaust.

5.2.2.2 长期停运 long-term suspension of operation

如果设备长期停运，应先按照 5.2.1 条款的要求先停运热侧后冷侧。必要时，应对设备进行适当的清洗。

If the equipment is out of service for a long time, the hot side shall be shut down first and then the
cold side according to the requirements of item 5.2.1.The equipment should be properly cleaned
when necessary.

5.2.3 不凝气排放 Non Condensable Gas Discharge

定期对两侧不凝气进行排放，设备长时间运行，介质中含有少量的空气和不凝气体会在设备顶部处逐渐增

多，防止对传热效率和设备造成影响，要定期排放不凝气。

A small amount of air and non-condensable gas in the medium will gradually increase at the top of
the equipment when the equipment runs for a long time. Non-condensable gas should be
discharged regularly to prevent the impact on the heat transfer efficiency and the equipment.

5.3 启动和关闭注意事项 startup and shutdown considerations

对于启动和关闭两项操作，应以适当的方式尽量减少换热板束和外部管道之间的膨胀差。我们的建议步骤

是：启动时，首先启动冷侧的流体，然后开始并逐渐增加热侧的流量。最高温度上升应限制在 50℃/每小

时；关闭时，逐渐减少热侧的流量，直到停止。然后关闭的冷侧流量。不论是启动还是关闭，阀门必须逐

渐打开。避免瞬间开启和关闭阀门时流体对换热器产生冲击，并可能导致设备损害。对于蒸汽工况的操作：

当液体侧关闭时，绝不能让蒸汽释放。应先关闭蒸汽进口阀门，然后再关闭其它的阀门。

The expansion difference between plates and external pipes shall be minimized in an appropriate
manner for both startup and shutoff operations. Our recommended procedure is to start the flow on
the cold side first and then start and gradually increase the flow on the hot side. Maximum
temperature rise should be limited to 50℃/ h. When closing, gradually reduce the flow on the hot
side until it stops. Then close the cold side flow. The valve must be opened gradually whatever it is
started or closed. To avoid fluid impact on the heat exchanger, which may cause equipment
damage, when valve is opened and closed instantaneously. For steam operation: never allow
steam to be released when the liquid side is closed. Close steam inlet valve first and then close

17
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

other valves.

5.4 运行监控 Operation Monitoring

5.4.1 对于易燃介质工况，设备工作作业区应有严禁烟火明显标识，要有防静电措施，作业区要有明显警

示标识，操作者应严格按照安全操作指导文件进行操作。

For the working conditions of inflammable medium, the working area should be clearly marked with
no fireworks, anti-static measures and obvious warning signs. The operator should operate in strict
accordance with the safe operation instructions.

5.4.2 系统装置中应为设备提供过压（大于 105%的设计压力）保护装置。

Over Pressure (greater than 105% design pressure) Protection device shall be provided in the
system device.

5.4.3 装有安全防爆装置要定期进行校验，保证附件齐全、灵敏、可靠，防止安全阀粘接、堵塞等。

Check the safety and explosion-proof device regularly to ensure that the accessories are complete,
sensitive and reliable, and to prevent the safety valve from bonding, plugging and so on.

5.4.4 换热器要在规定的工艺参数下平稳操作，防止压力突然上升，加热或冷却应缓慢进行，尽量避免操

作中压力频繁和大幅度波动，避免运行中设备温度突然变化。

The heat exchanger should be operated smoothly under the specified process parameters,
preventing sudden rise of pressure. The heating or cooling should be conducted slowly to avoid
frequent and large fluctuations of pressure and sudden change of equipment temperature in
operation.

5.4.5 换热器经常检查设备的外观、无鼓包、不变形、不泄漏、无裂纹迹象，发现异常及时处理，检查接

管、紧固件、密封件部位无损坏、泄漏现象。

The heat exchanger shall be often checked the appearance, no bulge, no deformation, no leakage,
and no signs of cracks. If any abnormality is found, it shall be handled in time. Check the
connection, fastener and seal parts without damage or leakage.

5.4.6 对于不锈钢材质制造的换热器，要定期监测设备内氯离子含量，以免引起应力腐蚀。在一个运行期

内至少进行一次氯离子含量监测。

For heat exchangers made of stainless steel, the content of chloride ions in the equipment should
be regularly monitored to avoid causing stress corrosion. Monitoring of chloride ion content at least
once during an operation period.

5.4.7 设备运行过程中，要避免介质单侧运行。当一侧运行，另一侧介质间断运行时，容易发生干烧现象，

造成设备损坏。

18
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

Avoid unilateral operation of the medium during operation. It is easy to occur dry burning, which will
result in equipment damage when one side keep operation and the other side operation
intermittently.

5.4.8 在高温、高压、泄漏、易燃等岗位，作业时必须遵守相关的规章制度和操作规程，熟记作业要点及

其特性，掌握好相应的安全防范技能，掌握一般事故方法，进入作业场后，要进行重新安全检查，认真填

写操作使用记录。如温度、压力、流量等。

In the positions of high temperature, high pressure, with leakage or inflammability, the operation
must comply with the relevant regulations and operating procedures. Remember the main points
and characteristics of the operation and master the corresponding safety skills. After entering the
operation site, carry out safety inspection again and fill in the operation records carefully, such as
temperature, pressure, flow, etc.

5.4.9 压力表、测温仪表、水位计、报警装置等应保持齐全、灵敏、可靠，定期检查。

The pressure gauge, temperature gauge, water level gauge and alarm device should be kept
complete, sensitive and reliable and checked regularly.

5.4.10 要定期对不凝气进行排放，防止对传热效率和设备造成影响。

The non-condensable gas should be regularly discharged to prevent impact on heat transfer
efficiency and equipment.

5.4.11 要禁止设备长期偏离工况条件下运行，对有蒸汽工况介质，要防低压高温蒸汽对板束冲击振动，导

致板束开裂损坏。

It is forbidden to run the equipment for a long time term deviates from the working condition. For the
working condition with steam, it is necessary to prevent the impact and vibration of low-pressure
and high-temperature steam on the plates, which results in cracking and damage of the plate.

5.4.12 使用过程中，做好日常操作记录如压力、温度、流量等参数。设备使用一段时间后，运行压力、温

度与初期不一致时，应进行清洗。

Record the daily operation such as pressure, temperature, flow and other parameters during use.
After the equipment is used for a period of time, it should be cleaned if the operating pressure and
temperature are not consistent with the initial stage.

提示 Tips：

> 设备运行时，必须先通板端介质，后再通板侧介质，保持两侧压差一般不超过 0.2MPa；

When the equipment is running, the media at the end of the plate must be put in first, and then the
media at the side of the plate. The pressure difference between the two sides should not exceed
0.2mpa.

19
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

> 设备停运时，必须先关断板侧介质，后再关断板端介质，出现故障时，必须对板侧及时泄压；

When the equipment is stopped, the media on the side of the plate must be shut off first, and then
the media on the end of the plate.

> 设备停运时，及时清洗和维护，排净积液，保持设备干燥；

When the equipment is out of service, timely cleaning and maintenance, drainage of liquid, keep
the equipment dry;

> 设备开启时，应预先将管道清理干净；

Before the equipment is opened, clean the pipeline in advance;

> 设备运行过程中，板端介质流量等于或接近设计流量。

During the operation, the media flow rate at the plate end must be equal to or close to the design
flow rate.

20
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第六章 维护与保养 Maintenance

6.1 拆解 Disassemble

首先，把冷热侧回路进行排净，拆除的反法兰应做好标记，检查确认两侧管路没有压力，应检查确认方法

兰能够稳定的拆除。拆卸螺栓时应对角逐一拆除。

First of all, the cold and hot side circuits should be cleaned and the removed anti-flange should be
marked. Confirm that there is no pressure on both sides of the pipeline and check that the
anti-flange can be removed steadily. Remove the bolts one by one diagonally in sequence.

6.2 垫片 Gasket

6.2.1 垫片安装 Gasket Installation

我们建议每次拆卸侧板时应该更换垫片，通常有三种密封垫片

We recommend that the gasket should be replaced every

time the side plate is removed. There are usually three types
of sealing gaskets：

a）石墨复合垫片 Graphite composite gasket

它们是由不锈钢板夹在两层石墨中间。

They are made of stainless steel plates sandwiched between two layers of graphite.

b）聚四氟乙烯垫片 PTFE gasket

21
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

将新更换的密封垫片安装到板束的密封面上，并用纸质胶带粘

接固定。

Install the new gasket on the sealing surface of the plate

and fix it with paper tape.

c）普通橡胶 Ordinary EPDM or NBR Gasket

6.3 夹紧 Clamp

按右图所示的对角线模式拧紧螺柱，在中间开始，逐步

向两侧最后到角落螺柱。螺柱的预紧力矩按 30%、60%、100%

递增。

Tighten the stud in the diagonal pattern shown in the right picture, starting in the middle and working
your way up to the corners. The pre-tightening torque of stud increases by 30%, 60% and 100%.

推荐螺柱预紧力矩值如下表 6-1。

The recommended pre-tightening torque of stud is shown in table 6-1.

表 6-1

螺柱直径 stud diameter 力矩（N.m)

M16 100

M20 200

M24 450

M27 650

M30 900

M36 1400

M42 2000

M48 3400

6.4 水压试验 Pressure Test

组装完成后，我们将按铭牌的标注压力进行水压试验。水压试验顺序先板端后板侧，板端合格后再板侧试

验。板侧试验时，要求板端腔体要维持设计压力。

After assembly, we will make hydrostatic test according to the pressure marked on the nameplate.
Hydraulic test should be taken on plate sides after plate ends test is qualified. The end plate cavity
is required to maintain the design pressure when taking plate side test.

22
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

水压试验过程中，会使板束回路中的空气被压缩，板片产生轻微收缩，压力会发生波动或另一侧有水流出，

在这种情况下并不意味着板片泄漏，调整试验压力，在半小时左右将会稳定。如果另一侧持续有流体流出

或压力持续下降，这种情况表明产品出现内部泄漏情况。

During the hydrostatic test, the air in the circuit of the plates will be compressed. The plates will
contract slightly, and the pressure will fluctuate or there will be water flowing out on the other side.
In this case, it does not mean that the plate leaks. Adjust the test pressure, and it will be stable in
half an hour or so. If there is a continuous flow of fluid out of the other side or a continuous drop in
pressure, it indicates an internal leakage.

提示 Tips：

> 水压试验顺序先板端，合格后再板侧，在板侧升压过程中，板端应维持在设计压力。

The hydraulic test starts at the end of the plates and then at the side of the plates if qualified. The
end of the plate should be maintained at the design pressure during the pressure boosting at the
side of the plate.

6.5 维护检修注意事项 Precaution for Maintenance

6.5.1 停机检修时，注意设备的介质情况，对爆炸危险介质，应防止其与空气混合后发生闪爆现象，维修

前必须将爆炸危险介质进行物理处理，禁止使用明火。

During maintenance, pay attention to the medium of the equipment. For explosive dangerous
medium, it should be prevented from flashing after mixing with air. Explosive dangerous medium
must be physically processed, and naked fire is prohibited before maintenance.

6.5.2 设备内部有压力时，不得对安全装置和主要受压元件进行任何修理或紧固调整工作。需补焊修理时，

应由持特种安全作业操作证人员参加。

When there is pressure inside the equipment, no repair or fastening adjustment shall be made to
the safety device and the main pressurized components. When repair welding is required,
personnel with special safety operation certificate shall participate.

6.5.3 安全阀使用中每年至少一次定期校验，调整后的安全阀应加铅封，并填写记录。

The safety valve shall be checked regularly at least once a year in use. After adjustment, the safety
valve shall be sealed with lead and recorded

6.5.4 未经检验合格和无铅封的压力表不得使用，使用过程中如发现压力表失灵，刻度不清、表盘玻璃破

裂，卸压后指针不回零、铅封损坏等情况，应立即更换。

Pressure gauges that are not qualified or without lead seal shall not be used. If the pressure gauge
is found to be out of order, the scale is not clear, the dial glass is broken in the process of use, the

23
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

pointer does not return to zero after pressure relief, the lead seal is damaged and so on in the
process of use, it shall be replaced immediately.

6.5.5 设备检修期，应对主要受压元件进行有效厚度测量，确保设备安全使用。

Effective thickness measurement shall be conducted on the main pressurized components during
the equipment maintenance period, to ensure the safe use of the equipment.

6.5.6 设备停用期间要根据地域情况做好设备存储及防护。对于沿海城市，大气中夹杂大量的盐类和氯化

物，在空气湿度较大情况下，极易在材料表面形成含有溶解性的电解液膜，氯离子渗透性极强，造成设备

内部严重的局部腐蚀。长期存储可采用充满液体或氮气保护方式防止设备暴漏在空气中发生氧化腐蚀，影

响产品寿命。

Storage and protection of equipment should be made according to the regional conditions during
outage. For coastal cities, there are a large number of salts and chlorides in the atmosphere. In the
case of high air humidity, it is easy to form an electrolyte film containing solubility on the material
surface. The chloride ion has a strong permeability, causing serious local corrosion in the
equipment. Long-term storage can be filled with liquid or nitrogen to prevent the equipment leakage
in the air oxidation corrosion, which can affect the life of the product.

6.5.7 对不锈钢材质的设备，严禁使用氯离子过高的盐类或盐酸进行化学清洗，对于不能确认腐蚀侵害的

清洗剂，应向筱恩能源公司咨询。

It is strictly prohibited to use salts with high chloride ions or hydrochloric acid for chemical cleaning
for stainless steel equipment. For cleaning agents that cannot confirm corrosion damage, you
should consult Shineheat.

6.5.8 设备水或低温系统停运后，严禁水蒸气或高温介质进入设备内部。

Vapor or high-temperature medium is strictly prohibited to enter the equipment after the shutdown
of water or low-temperature system.

提示 Tips：

> 对于装有化工介质设备维修焊接前，应将工艺介质置换处理干净，排空、放净，避免焊接时，介质受热，

体积膨胀或发生化学反应产生爆炸或危害介质。

For equipment with chemical media, the medium should be cleaned and emptied before
maintenance and welding, which can avoid explosion or damage when volume expansion or
chemical reaction by heating.

6.6 停运保养 Outage Maintenance

设备停运期间的维护不当常会引起其泄漏和换热能力的降低，很大程度上缩短了设备的使用寿命，严重时

24
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

会使设备报废。

Improper maintenance during the shutdown often leads to leakage and the reduction of heat
transfer capacity, to a great extent to shorten the service life of equipment. It will make the
equipment scrapped if seriously.

6.6.1 短期停运保养 Short-term Outage Maintenance

措施建议将设备宽流道侧、窄流道侧内部水放净吹干，并及时关闭所有阀门，杜绝空气进入系统，保存设

备内的湿度不大于 20%。

It is suggested that the water in wide channel and narrow channel be drained and blow-dried, and
all valves be closed in time to prevent air from entering the system, and the humidity in the
equipment should not be greater than 20%.

6.6.2 长期停用保养 Long-term Outage Maintenance

常采取以下三种防腐措施：

The following three anti-corrosion measures are often adopted:

6.6.2.1 充氮法：将水全部放净，用热压缩空气将设备内水吹干，关闭所有阀门，充入并保持纯度不小于

99%、压力为 0.05MPa 的氮气。注意充氮时绝不允许使用液态氮，氮气温度不低于 5℃，并定期监测氮

气压力，如有泄漏，应及时补充氮气。设备停运保养宜优先采用此法；

Nitrogen filling method: drain all the water, dry the water in the equipment with hot compressed air,
close all valves, fill nitrogen and maintain the purity of not less than 99%, the pressure of 0.05MPa.
Note that liquid nitrogen is never allowed to be used. The temperature of nitrogen should not be
lower than 5℃and the pressure should be monitored regularly. Nitrogen should be replenished in
time in case of leakage. This method should be preferred for equipment maintenance;

6.6.2.2 干燥法：将设备宽流道侧、窄流道侧水放净吹干，放入干燥剂，关闭所有阀门，经 7~10 天后检查

干燥剂的情况，如已失效另换新干燥剂。此后每月检查，更换失效剂；

Drying method: dry the water in wide channel and narrow channel, then put in desiccant and close
all valves. Check the desiccant after 7-10 days, replace it with a new one if it loses efficacy. After
that, monthly check and replace the failure agent.

6.6.2.3 注满水法：将设备宽流道侧、窄流道侧内注满水，并注意水质及温度要求。

Water filling method: fill he wide channel and narrow channel with water, and pay attention to the
water quality and temperature requirements.

提示 Tips：

25
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

> 拆卸管箱或其他管口时，若垫片变形或损坏，重装时必须更换新的；

The gasket must be replaced if it is deformed or damaged when removing pipe box or other pipe
orifice.

> 设备停运期间应及时清洗和维护，排净积液，保持干燥；

The equipment should be cleaned and maintained in time after shutdown, and the accumulated
liquid should be drained and kept dry.

> 冬季停止运行且环境温度低于 0℃时，应排尽设备内介质或采取其它防冻措施，避免损坏设备。

When the operation is stopped in winter and the ambient temperature is lower than 0℃, the media
in the equipment should be drained or other anti-freezing measures should be taken to avoid
damage to the equipment.

26
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第七章 清洗 Cleaning

由于宽通道板式换热器工作介质原因，设备经长期使用，板片表面将产生污垢或沉积物，增加流阻，降低

传热性能。因此应定期进行清洗，清洗间隔根据介质情况而定，建议 3 个月清洗一次（立式设备除外)。

Due to the working medium of the wide channel plate heat exchanger, the surface of the plate will
produce dirt or sediment after the long-term use, which increases the flow resistance and reduce
the heat transfer performance. Therefore, regular cleaning should be carried out. The cleaning
interval depends on the media conditions. It is recommended to clean once every 3 months
(except vertical equipment).

7.1 清洗方法 Cleaning Method

7.1.1 物理方法 Physical Method

适用于软垢及附着物的清洗，分开式清洗和在线循环清洗。分开式清洗时应将换热器从生产线上拆卸下来，

打开法兰盖板后可以采用高压水进行冲洗或用 0.4MPa 的蒸汽进行吹扫，如条件允许也可在生产线上直接

打开法兰盖板进行清洗。在线循环清洗是指换热器直接连接清洗系统，清洗液为 40℃-60℃的热水（温度

值应视污垢情况而定）。清洗时，清洗水流速应控制在 0.8-1.2m/s 之间。

具体详见 7.1.3 条款化线清洗过程。

There are 2 types of physical method: separate cleaning and cycle cleaning on-site. They are
suitable for cleaning of soft scale and attachment.
The heat exchanger should be removed from the production line when adopting separate cleaning.
High-pressure water can be used for washing or 0.4mpa steam can be used for purge after opening
the flange cover plate. If conditions permit, the flange cover plate can also be opened directly on
the production line for cleaning.
Cycle cleaning on-site refers to the heat exchanger is directly connected to the cleaning system.
The cleaning fluid is 40℃-60℃ hot water (temperature depends on the fouling) and the flow rate of
cleaning water should be controlled between 0.8-1.2m/s when cleaning.
Please refer to 7.1.3 for details on the process of Cycle Cleaning On-site.

7.1.2 化学清洗 Chemical Method

对采用物理清洗法不能取出的污垢，可以采用化学清洗法。对不同的污垢应采用不同的化学清洗液，同时

也应根据产品及管路的材质确定采用何种清洗液。清洗液的选用应考虑到其他相关主件的耐蚀性能（不得

使用对板片产生腐蚀的化学清洗剂），并应在清洗液中加入适当的缓蚀剂。清洗可采用酸洗、碱洗或酸洗

27
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

后用碱中和的方法。清洗时采用浸泡或循环清洗的方式进行，当采用循环清洗法时，清洗溶液流速应控制

在 0.2-0.4m/s 之间。清洗后要用清水将换热器冲洗干净。此方法推荐应用于结垢严重需经常清洗的工况，

特别适用于腐蚀性液体的处理。

Chemical cleaning method can be used if the dirt cannot be removed by physical cleaning
method. Different chemical cleaning solution should be used for different dirt, and also
considering the material of the product and pipeline. Cleaning solution selection should take
the corrosion resistance of related main parts into account (do not use the chemical cleaning
agent which will corrode the plate), and appropriate corrosion inhibitor should be added. Acid
wash, alkaline wash, or alkali wash after acid wash for neutralization can be adopted.The
cleaning should be carried out by immersion or cycle cleaning. When the cycle cleaning
method is adopted, the flow rate of cleaning solution should be controlled between 0.2-0.4m/s.
Rinse the heat exchanger with clean water after cleaning. This method is recommended to be
used in the case of severe scaling and frequent cleaning, especially for the treatment of
corrosive liquids.

7.1.3 在线清洗过程 Cleaning Process on-site

7.1.3.1 将换热器两侧介质排净（化工介质不适用），并用冷却水冲洗换热器的两侧。如果冷却介质中含盐

分，应确保在清洗操作前各回路被冲洗干净。

Drain the medium on both sides of the heat exchanger (chemical medium is not applicable)
and rinse two sides of the heat exchanger with cooling water. Ensure that the loops are flushed
before cleaning if there is salt in the cooling medium.

7.1.3.2 冲洗换热器的水最好是温水，温度范围：35-45℃。

The water to flush the heat exchanger is best to be warm water with temperature of 35-45℃.

7.1.3.3 选择适合的清洗方案，清洗温度和清洗程度都取决于垢的类型和必须兼容板片和垫片材料的特性。

Select an appropriate cleaning method. The cleaning temperature and degree depend on the
type of scale and must be compatible with the characteristics of plate and gasket materials.

7.1.3.4 建议所采用的清洗泵的流量为 1.5 倍正常工作流量。如果可能，清洗解决方案最好是反相冲洗。

The recommended flow rate of the cleaning pump is 1.5 times the normal working flow rate.
The best cleaning method is reverse flush if possible,.

7.1.3.5 对于流量大的设备很难实现高流量的在线清洗。这种情况下，唯一能解决方案是使用循环流量清洗

或 CIP 清洗过程持续时间加长(8-12h)。

It is difficult for equipment with large flow rate to be cleaned with high flow rate. In this case,
the only solution is to use either cyclic flow cleaning or an extended duration of the CIP
cleaning process (8-12h).

28
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

7.1.3.6 应时刻检测流出设备清洗液的 PH 值，当其呈偏中性状态时，停止清洗，采用干净的水循环冲洗设

备，直至流出水和流进水的电导率一致或者目视检查流出的水很清澈，此时设备已经完成清洗。

The PH value of the cleaning fluid flowing out of the equipment shall be detected at all times.
When it is in a neutral state, the cleaning shall be stopped and the equipment shall be washed
with clean water circulation until the conductivity of the outgoing water and the incoming water
are consistent or the outgoing water is clear through visual inspection. At this time, the
equipment has been cleaned.

7.1.3.7 清洗液的要求 Requirement of cleaning solution

除采用稀释纯碱溶液外，对于水垢清洗液可用浓度在 5%以内的硝酸(也可以采用氨基酸、磷酸、柠檬酸），

温度不超过 60℃的水溶液作为清洗液，任何情况下，不得使用盐酸清洗金属板片。制备清洗液时，水中氯

含量超过 300PPm 时不能使用。

In addition to the use of dilute soda solution, nitric acid in concentrations up to 5% can be used
for scale (amino acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid are also applicable). The aqueous solution
temperature shall not exceed 60℃ as a cleaning fluid. Hydrochloric acid is forbidden to use to
clean metal plate under any circumstances. Do not use the cleaning fluid with the chlorine
content in the water exceeding 300PPm.

提示 Tips：

> 严格遵循清洗剂生产商的安全建议；

Strictly follow the cleaning agent manufacturer's safety recommendations;

> 当酸和水混合时，总是酸加入水中；

It is always acid to be added to the water, when acid is mixed with water,;

> 不要使用盐酸用于清洁不锈钢板；

Do not use hydrochloric acid to clean stainless steel plates;

> 烧碱和浓硝酸会导致皮肤和粘膜严重受伤，在处理这些物质时，请始终使用护目镜和橡胶手套；

Caustic soda and concentrated nitric acid can cause serious injury to skin and mucous
membranes. Always use goggles and rubber gloves when handling these substances.

> 清洗板束时，不得将蒸汽直接吹入单片板对，避免引起板片对变形或板片对与堵板连接松弛；

When cleaning the plates, do not blow the steam directly into the single plate pair, to avoid the
deformation of plate pair or connection relaxation of the plate pair and the block plate.

> 选用清洗剂时应与设备材料相适应。

Cleaning agent should be used in accordance with the equipment materials.

29
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第八章 故障分析与排除 Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting

8.1 泄漏检查 Leak Detection

8.1.1 外部泄漏 External Leakage

8.1.1.1 管路法兰与宽通道换热器管口之间有介质泄漏现象

Medium leakage exists between the pipeline flange and the pipe nozzle of the wide channel
heat exchanger

检查垫片是否正确定位，螺栓是否失效，管路法兰是否变形等，如有损坏，及时更换。

Check whether the gasket is positioned correctly, whether the bolt is invalid, whether the
pipeline flange is deformed, etc., if there is, replace it in time.

8.1.1.2 板束泄漏 Plate Leakage

板束泄漏一般会发生在板对与堵条及板对之间。通常有以下情况发生：

Plate leakage usually occurs between plate pairs or plate pairs and blocks. Usually the
following happens:

1） 运行工况不稳，波动大，产生疲劳；

The operation is unstable and fluctuates greatly, resulting in fatigue;

2） 介质流速大，固体颗粒多，产生磨蚀；

The medium flow rate is large and the solid particles are many, resulting in abrasion;

3）超工况运行；Over Condition Operation;

4）板对焊接缺陷 Welding Defects of plate pairs

对于 1）～3）条情况引起泄漏，在额定工况下应调整设备运行参数，必要时增加过滤装置，使之运行平稳；

对于 4）条情况泄漏，先打开法兰盖板，冲洗设备，查找漏点，采取补焊或者封堵通道方式，如果有必要

的话，及时联系筱恩能源公司来帮助解决。工作介质为化工介质时，应进行气体置换，排空、放净，不能

有残液存在。

For leakage caused by 1) ~ 3), the operating parameters should be adjusted under rated
working conditions, and filtration devices can be added when necessary to ensure smooth
operation;
For 4) case of leakage, first open the flange cover plate, flush the equipment, look for the
leakage point, and then repair welding or blocking the channel. Contact Shineheat in time for
help if necessary. When the working medium is chemical medium, the gas should be replaced,

30
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

emptied and drained, and no residual liquid should exist.

8.1.1.3 材料表面腐蚀，一般是由不当清洗剂或者是设备介质腐蚀。清洗参见本手册或咨询筱恩能源公司，

对运行工况介质要定期监测和分析。

Material surface corrosion is generally caused by improper cleaning agent or equipment

medium corrosion. Please refer to this manual or consult Shineheat for cleaning. The
operating medium should be monitored and analyzed regularly.

8.1.2 内部泄漏 Internal Leakage

内部泄漏是指两个回路之间介质出现从高压侧向低压侧泄漏，即介质发生混淆现象，这种情况发生时请联

系筱恩能源公司。这时设备应该停止工作，排净工作介质，采用液体渗透的方式和提高另一侧压力的方式

查找设备的泄漏位置，对于维修，请咨询筱恩能源公司。

Internal leakage refers to the media leakage from the high pressure side to the low pressure
side between the two circuits, that is, the media confusion phenomenon. Please contact
Shineheat when that happens. The equipment should stop working at once, and the working
medium should be drained. Adopt the method of liquid penetration and increasing the pressure
on the other side to find the leaking location of the equipment. For maintenance, please
consult Shineheat.

8.2 压力降问题现象 Pressure Drop Problem

8.2.1 压降增大 pressure drop increases

检查是否所有的阀门包括止回阀都已打开，测定换热器前后的压力和流量。

Check that all valves including check valves are open and measure pressure and flow on front
and back of the heat exchanger.

将实际测定的压力降值与规定的压降值进行比较。

Compare the actual measured pressure drop with the specified pressure drop.

如果实际压降值高于规定的压降值，还需检查运行温度。

Operating temperature should also be checked if the actual pressure drop is higher than the
specified pressure drop.

如果运行温度表读数与规定值一致，换热面可能是相当洁净，但换热器进口可能是被异物堵塞。

If the operating temperature is consistent with the specified value, the heat transfer surface
may be fairly clean, but the inlet of the heat exchanger may be blocked by a foreign body.

如果温度表读数与规定值不一致，很明显，热传递降低，且低于规定值，这是因为在换热面上有沉淀物产

31
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

生，同时由于沉淀物使流道变窄，压降增大。

If the temperature is inconsistent with the specified value, it is obvious that the heat transfer is
reduced and below the specified value because of the deposition on the heat transfer surface.
At the same time, the pressure drop increases because of the narrowing of the flow path due
to the deposition.

这种情况下应打开换热器，排出堵塞物，或者采用反冲洗将堵塞物反冲并排出系统。按本手册进行冲洗和

清洗。

In this case, the heat exchanger should be opened to discharge obstruction, or back flush
obstrction out of the system. Rinse and clean according to this manual.

8.2.2 如果压降与规定值一致，就不需要进行任何操作。

No operation is required if the pressure drop is consistent with the specified value,

8.2.3 如果压降低于规定值，则泵的能力太低，或是测定有误。

If the pressure drop is less than the specified value, the pump capacity is too low or the
measurement is wrong.

32
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第九章 贮存 Storage

如设备安装前短期或长期不用时，要根据地域情况对设备做好适当的存储。

The equipment should be properly stored according to the geographical situation, if the
equipment is not used for a short or long period of time before installation.

9.1 环境影响 Environment Implication

如果存储不当，异物会进入设备内部，开车造成板束内部磨损；或雨水进入设备内部，造成设备局部腐蚀；

对于沿海城市，大气中夹杂着大量的盐类和氯化物，在空气湿度较大的情况下，极易在材料表面形成含有

溶解性的电解液膜，氯离子的渗透性极强，造成设备内部严重的局部腐蚀。

If the equipment is improperly stored, foreign matter will enter it and cause internal wear and
tear, or rainwater will enter into it, causing local corrosion. For coastal cities, there are a lot of
salts and chlorides in the atmosphere. In the case of high air humidity, it is easy to form an
electrolyte film containing solubility on the material surface. The chloride ion has a strong
permeability, causing serious local corrosion in the equipment.

9.2 推荐的贮存方法 Recommended Storage Method

9.2.1 对于短期存放的设备，要保证各管口法兰盖的密封要求。要用防雨布对设备进行遮盖。

For short-term storage, ensure the sealing requirements of each flange cover of pipe nozzle.
Cover the equipment with a rainproof cloth.

9.2.2 对于长期存放的设备 for long-term storage equipment

①首先保证各管口法兰盖的密封要求；

Firstly, ensure the sealing requirements of the flange cover of each pipe nozzle;

②若设备未充氮气，则需要对设备进行充氮气，压力为 0.05MPa。注意充氮时绝不允许使用液态氮，氮气

温度不低于 5℃，并且定期监测氮气压力，如有泄漏，应及时补充氮气。

The equipment needs to be filled with nitrogen of 0.05mpa pressure if the it is not filled with
nitrogen. Note that liquid nitrogen is never allowed to be used. The temperature of nitrogen
should not be lower than 5℃, and nitrogen pressure should be monitored regularly. If there is
leakage, nitrogen should be replenishment in time.

③设备存放在水平地面，干燥通风的仓库，室温 5-38℃，相对湿度 70%以下；

The equipment should be stored on the horizontal floor in a dry and ventilated warehouse, with
room temperature of 5-38℃ and relative humidity below 70%.

④夹紧螺栓表面、法兰密封面应涂防锈漆，防止腐蚀；

33
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

The surface of clamping bolt and flange sealing should be coated with anti-rust paint to prevent
corrosion;

⑤如设备存放在室外，应采取防护措施应对气候对设备造成不良影响。

If the equipment is stored outdoors, protective measures should be taken to deal with the
adverse effects of climate on the equipment.

9.3 排空与干燥 Drain and Dry

设备贮存前应排空，必要时对其进行干燥处理。

The equipment should be emptied before storage and dried when necessary.

34
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第十章 开箱及检查 Unpacking and Inspection

10.1 开箱注意事项 Notes for Unpacking

开箱前，需要确认箱件是否完好，是否与发运回执中的箱件数量相符；如有差异，请立即与发运人员沟通，

尽可能提供现场照片。

Before unpacking, it is necessary to confirm whether the package is in good condition and
whether the quantity is consistent with delivery receipt. In case of any discrepancy, please
communicate with the shipping personnel immediately and provide on-site photos as far as
possible.

10.2 检查内容 Examination

开箱检验，应依据箱内清单一一确认。

Unpacking inspection shall be confirmed according to the list in the box.

10.2.1 软件 Software

设备随机（或后期发送）应携带产品使用说明手册、质量证明书、合格证、竣工图、装箱单等软件。

The equipment shall be delivered with operation manual, qualification certificate, as-built
drawing, packing list and other software.

10.2.2 外观检查 Appearance Check

10.2.2.1 设备各管口密封面应平整、光滑，并设有防尘波音片（或防尘盖)

The sealing surface of each pipe nozzle shall be flat and smooth, and equipped with dustproof
Boeing sheet (or dustproof cover).

10.2.2.2 焊缝外观过渡圆滑、平整，无裂纹、气孔、夹渣、弧坑等缺陷

The appearance of the weld is smooth, without cracks, pores, slag, arc pits and other defects

10.2.2.3 油漆表面颜色及漆种与项目要求一致，无流挂、褶皱

Paint surface color and paint species are consistent with the requirements of the project,
without hanging or folding.

10.2.2.4 设备铭牌与竣工图技术特性一致

The nameplate of the device is consistent with the as-built drawing's technical characteristics

10.2.2.5 几何尺寸与批准的设计图样一致

The geometric dimensions shall be consistent with the approved design drawing

10.3 发现问题 Find Problem

35
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

开箱及使用过程中有不明情况，不能解决，需要我公司提供帮助时，请按附表 1“客户意见反馈表”填写，

并将此表传真或邮件给我公司，以便我公司能及时准确的给予技术支持服务，对您的支持我们在此表示感

谢!

If you need our company's help, please fill in the attached form "customer feedback form" and
fax or email it to our company so that we can provide timely and accurate technical support
services. We would like to express our thanks for your support!

提示 Tips：

> 吊运物件时，请注意重心，应按物件的标重选择合适的吊索，禁止使用夹紧螺柱吊运设备，设备上设有

吊装孔用于起吊。

When lifting the object, please pay attention to the center of gravity, and choose the
appropriate sling according to the weight of the object. It is forbidden to use the clamping stud
to hoist equipment, which is provided with a lifting hole for lifting.

> 物件在吊装过程中，应防止倾斜，同时落地时避免发生碰撞和剧烈震动，以免损坏物件。

Objects should not be tilted when lifting. Avoid collision and violent vibration while landing, so
as not to damage the objects.

36
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

第十一章 安全和环保 Safety and Environmental Protection

HSE 要求应被各方认可并可操作，我司交付后的产品需注意以下环节对环保和安全影响。

HSE requirements shall be approbatory by all parties and operable. We shall pay attention to
the following impacts on environmental protection and safety.

11.1 包装物 Wrappage

筱恩公司产品包装物以木箱、塑料、纸箱、钢制框架为主，均可回收再利用。

Shineheat products are packaged mainly in wooden cases, plastic, cardboard boxes and steel
frame - based, which can be recycled.

11.2 设备维修维护 Equipment Maintenance

11.2.1 设备维修维护需要按产品使用说明手册或在筱恩能源公司专业服务人员指导下进行；

Equipment maintenance shall be carried out according to the operation manual or under the
guidance of the professional service personnel of Shineheat.

11.2.2 对于主要部件板片清洁，所使用的酸液、碱液均对土地有污染，请集中收集做无害处理或移交有资

质单位处理。

For the cleaning of plates, the main parts, the acid and lye used will pollute the land. Please
collect them for harmless treatment or transfer them to qualified units for treatment.

11.2.3 对于运行介质属易燃易爆、有毒有害的，请查阅有关 MSDS 要求，进行应急处理后，再对设备进

行维修。

If the operating medium is inflammable, explosive, toxic and harmful, please refer to the
relevant MSDS requirements, and then repair the equipment after emergency treatment.

11.2.4 整个过程中产生的废液、废油、保温材料、含碱、酸废水、垫片、保护套、操作工具、包装物、生

活垃圾等废弃物应由业主全部收集回收或做无害化处理。

The wastes generated in the whole process, such as waste liquid, waste oil, insulation
materials, alkali and acid containing wastewater, gaskets, protective sleeves, operating tools,
packages, household garbage, shall be collected and recycled by the owner or made harmless
treatment.

11.2.5 橡胶材料，塑料制品，木质材料等可燃物，应远离火源，高温区域。

Combustible materials such as rubber, plastic and wood should be kept away from fire
sources or high temperature areas.

11.2.6 油漆应储存在干燥、遮阳处，远离热源火源。储存库房应配备干式化学泡沫、CO₂灭火机等适合的

37
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

灭火机。所有剩余的油漆和空包装桶罐要根据当地的有关规定和法律进行及时处理。工业油漆产品由专业

涂装操作人员根据说明书、材料安全数据表和包装容器上的说明中的建议在生产场地上使用。如果没有仔

细阅读材料安全数据 MSDS 则不能使用产品。

Paint shall be stored in a dry and sunshade place away from heat source. The storage
warehouse should be equipped with suitable extinguishers such as dry chemical foam
extinguisher and CO₂ extinguisher. All remaining paint and empty cans should be disposed of
in time according to local regulations and laws. Industrial paint products shall be used on the
production site by professional coating operators according to the operation manual, material
safety data sheet and instructions on packaging containers. Products cannot be used without
carefully reading the material safety data MSDS.

11.2.7 作业应尽可能是独立作业，在通风良好的环境中进行，必要时应配置通风设备，以减少废气对人身

体的危害；严格控制生产过程中各类液体物质的跑、冒、滴、漏，禁止将生产中产生的各类污染物随意排

放。

The operation shall be conducted as independently as possible, in a well-ventilated

environment. Ventilation equipment shall be equipped to reduce the harm of exhaust gas to
human body if necessary. All kinds of liquids in the production process shall be strictly
controlled to escape, emit, drip and leak, and all kinds of pollutants generated in the production
shall be prohibited to be discharged at will.

11.3 设备吊装 Equipment Hoisting

11.3.1 注意起吊重心，防止设备倾倒伤人。

Pay attention to lifting the center of gravity to prevent the equipment from tipping and injuring
people.

11.3.2 不允许超载起吊。

Overload lifting is not allowed.

11.4 应急措施 Emergency Measure

11.4.1 发生突发性事故必须立即采取措施消除或者减轻对环境的污染危害，及时通报给附近的单位和居民，

并向事故发生地县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门和有关部门报告，接受调查处理。

When a sudden accident occurs, measures must be taken immediately to eliminate or reduce
the pollution hazard to the environment, and nearby businesses and residents shall be notified
in a time. The competent administrative department of environmental protection and other
relevant departments shall be reported for investigation and handling.

38
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

11.4.2 筱恩能源公司对出厂设备及附件处理和使用中可能产生的环保问题，提供信息服务和技术支持，对

于无视环境保护法规，违规建设，错误操作设备造成环境污染的情况，不在我公司责任范围内。

shineheat shall provide information services and technical support for environmental protection
problems that may arise in the processing and use of our products. It shall not be within the
scope of our liability for environmental pollution caused by disregard of environmental
protection laws and regulations, illegal construction and wrong operation of equipment.

39
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

附表 1 客户意见反馈单 Customer Feedback Sheet

基本情况 Situation description

客户类别 ○代理商 Agent ○工程公司 Engineering Co.

Customer Type ○最终用户 End User ○其他用户 Other Users

顾客单位名称

Customer Co.

Name

顾客所在城市 省 市 镇（区） 街 门牌号

Customer

Address

联系人 Attn

您的联系方式 手机 Mobile： 电话 Tel：

Contact Info 邮箱 Email：

为方便我们对您的意见进行跟踪、反馈、服务，请务必核实好您的联系方式

In order to facilitate our tracking, feedback and service of your comments, please be sure to verify your contact information

问题 Problem

发生问题产品 订单编号 Order No.： 产品制造编号 Product No.： 数量 Qty：

Product with

Problem

问题类别 类别 Type： ○开箱问题 Unpacking Problem 型号 Model：

Problem Type ○使用过程中问题 Problem in Use

分类：开箱 开箱问题 ○性能问题 ○外观问题 ○配件问题 ○软件问题

Type: Unpacking Unpacking Performance Appearance Accessories Software

情况描述 订单编号 PO 数量 Qty：

Description No.：

检查数量 不良品数：

Checked Qty： Unqualified Qty

型号 Model： 序列号 Series

No.：

40
 使用说明手册
Operation Manual

问题描述 ① 附件：相关邮件、问题照片等相关信息可上传附件

Problem Attachments: you can upload attachments to relevant emails, photos of

Description problems and other relevant information

处理要求 处理意见 ②

Processing Processing

Requirements Opinion

分类：使用中 使用问题 Problem In Use： ○性能问题 Performance ○服务问题 Service

Type：In Use

情况描述 型号 Model： 产品序列号 Series No.：：

Description 启始使用时间 Start using time： 问题产生日期 Date of Issue：

使用环境 Environment of working：

问题描述 ① 附件：相关邮件、问题照片等相关信息可上传附件

Problem Attachments: you can upload attachments to relevant emails, photos of

Description problems and other relevant information

处理要求 处理意见 ②

Processing Opinion

Requirements

制造单位 筱恩能源科技（上海）有限公司

Manufacture Shineheat Tech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

地址 Address 上海市普陀区中山北路 1958 号华源世界广场 9 楼 907

ROOM 907, 9FL, NO.1958 ZHONGSHAN NORTH ROAD, PUTUO DISTRICT, SHANGHAI 20061, CHINA

联系方式 电话 Tel：+86-21-33828230

Contact E-mail: info@shineheat.com

注：①请尽可能详细描述产品运行参数、性能及与之相关等内容，以便我司判断和处理。

②要求回复日期、意见等。

Note: 1. please describe the operation parameters, performance and related contents of the product in detail,
so that we can judge and deal with them.
2. Request of reply date, comments, etc.

41