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Geographic Information System Based Security Management of Pampanga State Agricultural University
Geographic Information System Based Security Management of Pampanga State Agricultural University
A Special Study
Presented to the Faculty of the
Department of Geodetic Engineering
College of Resource Engineering Automation and Mechanization
Pampanga State Agricultural University
PAC, Magalang, Pampanga
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Geodetic Engineering
June 2020
ii
APPROVAL SHEET
_____________________
MELANIE S. SUYU, MSME, GE
Adviser
_____________
Date Signed
DEFENSE PANEL
_______________________ __________________________
GENESIS A. CASIÑO, GE MA. CAROLINA V. TARUN, ICE
Member Member
___________________ ___________________
Date Signed Date Signed
______________________ ____________________________
LYNDON G. SOLIS, D.T. MADELIENE R. SOLIS, D.T.
Member Member
___________________ ___________________
Date Signed Date Signed
______________________ _______________________________________
RUSSEL A. RIVERA, GE ROSEMARIE S. MACMAC, MBM, GE, REA, REB
Member Member
___________________ ___________________
Date Signed Date Signed
iii
_________________________________________
________________
Date Signed
_______________________________
________________
Date Signed
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support
are extended to the following persons who contributed to the success and
completion of this study.
To her beloved family, Mr. Larry M. Peña, Mrs. Myra G. Peña, Lolo
Emiliano Peña, Lola Julie Peña, Micah Peña and Mark Daniel Peña for their
unconditional love, trust, timely encouragement, endless patience and for
providing everything she needed.
To her adviser, Engr. Melanie Suyu, for the continuous support, patience,
motivation, words of encouragement, guidance, enthusiasm and immense
knowledge. Her guidance, insightful discussions and suggestions helped the
researcher in the completion of this study.
To Mr. Faustine Robert Suba and Kim Zacarias Soriano who have been
her constant source of inspiration.
Above all, to our Almighty God, for His unconditional love, gratitude,
guidance, wisdom and constant flow of ideas which help a great deal to the
success of this study.
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DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
In general, it was observed that the Pampanga State Agricultural University has
the following security measures in its exterior premises: fences, gates, streetlights
and security cameras. However, it was also observed that insufficient fencing
existed in the campus perimeter. The existing fences did not also meet the required
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height and no longer in good condition. It was also observed that some areas in
the university didn’t have security cameras for better surveillance. In terms of
university buildings, it was observed that mostly have fully functional lights,
effective window locks, effective door locks, and bulgar bars in their windows.
However, there are only few buildings have emergency warnings/alarms,
emergency lights and security cameras.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
CERTIFICATIONS iv
ACKNOWLEDEMENT vi
DEDICATION vii
ABSTRACT viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS x
LIST OF TABLES xiii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv
Research Design 16
Technical Background 17
University Buildings 36
Summary 52
Conclusions 52
Recommendations 53
BIBLIOGRAPHY 54
xii
APPENDICES 56
D Survey Questionnaires 62
F Documentation 70
CURRICULUM VITAE 72
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
1 Likert Scale 22
4 Access Control 29
6 University Buildings 37
LIST OF FIGURES
3 Research Design 16
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
against external threats that are likely to cause harm. Security is generally focused
vulnerabilities
changes in our society including terrorist attacks, gun crime, vandalism, arson,
theft, bullying, fighting, sexual harassment, and other issues prevalent in our
society that put the safety of children, teachers, staff and parents at risk.
of students, faculty, and staff. Certain practices such as locking or monitoring doors
and gates are intended to limit or control access to school campuses, others uses
metal detectors and security cameras are intended to monitor or restrict students'
students, closed campus for students during lunch, random dog sniffs to check for
2
drugs, random sweeps for contraband, enforced strict dress code, use of cameras
guard.
In Ilo-ilo City, Philippines, most of the schools have not met the standards
considered less safe and secured in terms of land contour, site elevation, distance
from ill-repute establishment, distance from street, road safety, with traffic aides,
emergency access, playground, school canteen, school with fire alarm, doors that
swing outward.
Pampanga. At present state, PSAU has a huge number of students and employees
that are living, studying and working inside the university. Students and employees
have the right to feel safe and secure that when a situation arise, they have the
right security measures and procedures in place to keep themselves and those
around them safe. Parents too should feel reassured with the knowledge that when
their child attends school, they will be safe in the care of the teachers and the
It was the purpose of the study to assess and determine the security
of security post and offices, security measures in terms of school campus and
3
security personnel and to determine if there are any security maps available in the
university.
system that creates, manages, analyzes, and maps all types of data.
developed campus emergency system and explored the key technologies and
Duan (2014), compared with the traditional management system, the developed
campus emergency system has geography meaning like spatial analysis. It reflects
Security Maps that are more relevant and consistent with the existing security
Maps that could be used as a guide for future planning and development.
A. School Campus
B. Security Personnel
Agricultural University.
5
A. School Campus
B. Security Personnel
Conceptual Framework
The researcher believes that the output of this study will benefit the following:
Students. This study may help the students to find and locate the security offices
and posts in case of emergencies arise.
Employees. This study may help the employees to avoid the places or areas that
are not safe and have low security services.
Security Task Force. This study may be extremely valuable, insightful, and
significant for the security task force as they plan and assess security measures
inside the university.
Definition of terms
someone or something.
Digitizing. Is the process of converting geographic data either from a hard copy
Exterior Premises. Means those portions of land which are exposed to public view
or any property outside and around any building or structure erected thereon.
Security Map. Is a map used to plan for and respond to security threats, and are
Security Office. An office responsible for the security of the institution's property
Security Post. A small building for the soldiers who are protecting a place.
or sabotage etc.
or university.
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CHAPTER II
studies. It also enables a better understanding about relevant foreign and local
Related Literature
Foreign
major sport events requires a reliance on spatial data and geographical reference
be able to articulate goals and drive ownership of them, evaluate the security of
information over time, and determine the need for additional measures.
examine premises and an inspection of all security systems and processes in order
many security applications for campuses. These systems alert security when
someone is not where they should be. The technology can also be used to locate
Local
geographic information systems tools (GIS). GIS systems are commonly used
worldwide as an effective tool for analysis and visualization of data, and are widely
Related Studies
familiarizing the researcher with information that are relevant and similar to the
Foreign
Normal University, Changchun China, only in this way can we achieve the sharing
GIS shows that GIS technology has strong vitality. In this paper, we developed
campus emergency system and explored the key technologies and methods in
combining GIS with security management. When compared with the traditional
management system, it has geography meaning like spatial analysis. It reflects the
system provides a new way for campus security research and accumulates
valuable experience.
Nick Malloy (2017) stated that student security at Humboldt State University
(GIS) can be used to track and analyze spatial trends in a multitude of fields. For
this research, the frequency of light posts will determine how well lit the campus is
and if this could be a measurement of student safety. Using QGIS, each light post
point was assigned an attribute with the average radius in feet. Multiple maps were
created that depict what areas of Humboldt State are most adequately lit.
location of security systems on the floor plans of the school or each floor to visually
Local
of campus security services of the Caraga State University can be a useful tool for
the administration to develop or fill the inadequacy of the existing security system.
Aside from ensuring a high quality of education, the campus security is as crucial
as the latter. Student’s from all walks of life deserves to have a secured
environment and not having to worry about any harm as they grapple their way
through success.
15
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discussed the research methods that were used in the study
assessing the problems, the spatial and attribute data and methods applied with
the integration of Geographic Information System, how the data was analyze and
PSAU lies at the foothills of Mount Arayat and is about 3.5 km east of the
Pampanga.
Research Design
This section discussed the research methods used in this study as well as
the applicable processes in solving problems. The study used a descriptive method
which describes the data gathered to derive results and it will be used to interpret
and analyze the gathered information.
Figure 3 displays the research design used by the researcher in acquiring and
processing data and interpreting result to answer the study’s statement of the problem.
The researcher used spatial data such as the map of PSAU and non-spatial
data with the use of questionnaires that will be use to describe the spatial data.
Field survey was conducted to assess the different security measures around the
university. Digitizing is the process of tracing the features of the map in either point,
line, or polygon. Once the data have been analyzed, the creation of maps through
QGIS and with the help of other related GIS application will be conducted, then
Technical Background
The researcher explains all the concepts in developing a GIS- based Map
Security Management of Pampanga State Agricultural University. It also includes
the different software used in generating, designing and developing the
Geographical Information System based Security Maps.
1. Google Earth
2. QGIS
3. Qgis2web Plugin
Qgis2web is a QGIS plugin that enables the user to export his or her
map to a Leaflet or Open Layers web map. This plugin is a useful way to
get started with web mapping and create an interactive web map from static
GIS data layers. This enables the researcher to run the map using the local
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A. Internet Research
B. Library Research
Library research was used to improve this study. The use of this
method is to look for and gather appropriate information that would be
helpful on the study.
C. Field Survey
E. Questionnaire
F. Sources of Data
A. Slovin’s Formula
Where:
N
n 2
n= sample size
1 Ne N= population
e= margin of error
Solution:
5252
n 2
1 (5252)(.10)
N
n 2
1 Ne
n 98.13
n 98
Based on the solution, the respondents for the second questionnaire
were 98.
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B. Sampling technique
C. Percentage
Formula:
𝐹
% = 𝑁 × 100
Where:
% is the percentage
F is the Frequency
x̄ = ∑ x /N
Where:
x̄ = mean
∑ = summation of values
N = number of respondents
23
CHAPTER IV
This chapter answers the objectives of the study and presents the data
analysis and interpretation of data collected.
The researcher also created a 500 m-neighborhood map that covers the
different assets located starting from the boundary of PSAU up to 500 m away from
it. The identified assets are houses, schools, churches, farm lands, trees, retail
stores, boarding houses, sidecar business, poultry and live stocks, aviary,
computer shops, food stalls, gasoline stations and resorts.
24
Figure 4 shows the locations of the security posts and offices of Pampanga
State Agricultural University. At present, PSAU has a total of 33 security personnel
which composed of thirty-one (31) security guards and two (2) security officers.
There is also two (2) security office and three (3) security post within the university.
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Main Entrance 2
Gate 2 2
FTC Exit 1
Administration Building 1
Façade 1
Patrol 2
According to the Philippine Society for Industrial Security, these are the
different areas that are need to be controlled by the security guards; entrances and
exit points, restricted areas, buildings, and parking lots.
The total number of security personnel is thirty-three (33). There are thirty-
one (31) security guards and two (2) security officers in the university. There are
three (3) shifts per day and every shift there are ten (10) security guards on duty
around the university. At present, the total number of population of PSAU is 5252.
Therefore, the security guard- population ratio in the university is 1:526.
26
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 0 0.00
No 33 100.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 0 0.00
No 33 100.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 0 0.00
No 33 100.00
Total 33 100.00
28
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
The height of the fence didn’t meet the minimum required height.
There is no alarm support to the fence (an early warning intrusion detection
alarm).
29
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 0 0.00
No 33 100.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
30
Total 33 100.00
Do you have armed response units, policemen
and/or security guards that will respond if an f %
alarm is triggered or if an incident occurs?
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Is your school is surrounded by houses and /
f %
or busy roads?
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
There are methods taken to control the movement of people, vehicles and
goods into and out of the school premises.
There are security guards placed at the entrance(s), exit(s) and around the
university.
There are signs indicating that the premises are school property.
There are armed response units, policemen and/or security guards that will
respond if an alarm is triggered or if an incident occurs.
According to the results, the following are need to improve in the access
control of the university:
Figure 6 shows the portion of PSAU campus wherein the streetlights were
located. Lighting is an important consideration in school security because it
provides a level of illumination to clearly identify persons or objects, deter and
detect intrusions or other criminal activity.
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
33
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Yes 33 100.00
No 0 0.00
Total 33 100.00
Figure 7 shows the portion of the PSAU campus wherein the exterior
security cameras were located. According to the Industrial Security Management
under Law Enforcement Administration- Philippine Criminology, security cameras
are advancements in security technology that helps make schools safer and
secure today.
At present, there were ten (10) exterior security cameras around the
university; two (2) at main gate, two (2) at gate 2, two (2) at Alias, two (2) at main
road (near VoAg and Neutraceutical), one (1) in FTC Exit, and one (1) in security
office.
35
Academic Buildings 13
Residential Buildings 58
Total: 97
Table 6 shows the number of buildings surveyed per group. There are
thirteen (13) academic buildings, thirteen (13) university services buildings,
thirteen (13) science and technology buildings and fifty-eight (58) residential
buildings including the cottages and villas. The buildings under renovation are not
included to the study.
38
Alarms
Lighting
Security Cameras
*Note: Those academic buildings under renovation are not included to the study.
Alarms
Lighting
Security Cameras
*Note: Those university services buildings under renovation are not included to the
study.
Alarms
Lighting
Security Cameras
*Note: Those science and technology buildings under renovation are not included to
the study.
Table 9 shows the different security measures available to the science &
technology buildings. As shown on the table, no buildings have emergency
warnings/alarms, 8% have emergency lights, 77% have lighting at entrances,
corridors and facade, and 69% have fully functional lights. In terms of doors and
windows, 69% have effective door locks, 77% have effective window locks and 54%
have bulgar bars in their windows. Lastly, 15% have security cameras.
41
Alarms
Lighting
Security Cameras
Alarms
Lighting
Security Cameras
door locks. 87.63% or 85 out of 97 buildings of the university have effective window
locks. 62.89% or 61 out of 97 buildings of the university have bulgar bars in their
windows. Lastly, 16.49% or 16 out of 97 buildings of the university have security
cameras.
The following security measures are not available at most of the University
Buildings (49% or less):
Emergency warnings/alarms
Security cameras
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Table 12: Perceptions of the Students and Employees towards the Duties
and Responsibilities of Security Personnel
Table 12 shows the perceptions of the students and employees towards the
duties and responsibilities of the security personnel of Pampanga State
Agricultural University. The average mean is 3.31 with a verbal interpretation of
“Strongly Agree”. The researcher concluded that the students and employees are
strongly agree that the security personnel were doing their duties and
responsibilities in the university.
46
The researcher observed and marked the different assets located from the
boundary of PSAU up to 500 meters away from it. The identified assets are houses,
schools, churches, farm lands, trees, retail stores, boarding houses, sidecar
business, poultry and live stocks, aviary, computer shops, food stalls, gasoline
stations and resorts.
48
Figure 11 shows the portion of Brgy. San Agustin that was included to the
500 meter- neighborhood map of PSAU. Houses and different establishments like
boarding houses, food stalls, retail stores, and computer shops were commonly
found in this area. There are also farm lands, poultry, and churches.
49
Figure 12 shows the portion of Brgy. San Vicente that was included to the
500 meter- neighborhood map of PSAU. Houses, farm lands, trees and resorts
were commonly found in this area.
50
Figure 13 shows the lower portion of Mt. Arayat that was included to the
500 meter- neighborhood map of PSAU. Trees are commonly found in this area
because it was the lower part of Mt. Arayat. There are also few houses, farm lands
and resorts. Gintung Pakpak Eco Park was also located in this area.
51
Figure 1 shows the portion of Brgy. Ayala that was included to the 500
meter- neighborhood map of PSAU. Houses, trees and resorts are commonly
found in this area. There are also farm lands and poultries.
52
Chapter V
Summary
Conclusions
Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:
2. Fences, streetlights and security cameras are available within the exterior and
interior premises of the university. However, the fence is not covering the whole
boundary of the university and there are areas in the university that have no
streetlights and security cameras.
3. Students and employees are “strongly agree” that the security personnel were
doing their duties and responsibilities in the university.
53
Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Michael Hudson. “Managing Security Risks in Schools: A Practitioner's View”
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/palgrave.rm.8240002, July 1999
APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A
REQUEST LETTER TO PSAU PRESIDENT
58
59
60
APPENDIX B
LETTER OF CONTINUATION TO PSAU VPAA
61
APPENDIX C
LETTER OF CONTINUATION TO CREAM DEAN
62
APPENDIX D
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Name(optional): ______________________________________________________
YES NO COMMENTS
1. FENCING
1.1 Is there a fence/wall surrounding the
entire premises?
2. LIGHTING
2.1 Is there lighting on the premises?
2.2 Are patrol routes lit up?
2.3 Are all vulnerable areas well lit?
2.4 Is the access point(s) well lit? (gate
and/or guard post) ?
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Strongly Strongly
Statement/ Question Agree Disagree
Agree Disagree
1. Records visitors in the log-
sheet and issuance of Visitor’s ID
2. Inspects and imposes proper
wearing of IDs(for both students,
faculty, on-teaching staff,
construction workers and PSAU
TODA
3. Inspects and implements
proper wearing of uniform(except
those with approved letter)
4. Prevents wearing of sando
and slippers among
drivers(motorcycles and
tricycles)
5. Checks registry vehicle
stickers
6. Prevents noisy vehicles
entering inside the campus
7. Observes proper loading and
unloading of vehicles
8. Checks, records, and controls
illegal vendors in entering the
campus
9. Prevents illegal entry, illegal
parking, over speeding and
overloading
10. Prevents illegal parking along
the road in front of Graduate
School Building going to Ayala
11. Maintains cleanliness at the
guardhouse
66
APPENDIX E
SAMPLE RAW DATA OF QUESTIONNAIRES
68
69
70
APPENDIX F
DOCUMENTATION
71
72
CURRICULUM VITAE
73
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : July 8, 1999
Gender : Female
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Born Again Christian
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ORGANIZATIONS/AFFILIATIONS
SAGES SECRETARY
PSAU - SUPREME ALLIANCE OF GEODETIC ENGINEERING STUDENTS
2019-2020
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