Overview of human herpes viruses

Human Subtypes Seroprevalenc Mode of Characteristics Disease Management

herpes e transmission
virus

 ≥  Saliv  After primary  Herpes labialis  Antivirals may be indicated Acy

HHV-1 Herpes
simplex 50% in a infection, the virus remai  (cold sores 
virus 1
 (HSV-1) adults   Respi ns dormant in  Herpetic
[2]
ratory nerve ganglia (typically t gingivostomatitis 

secretions rigeminal ganglia).  Eczema herpeticum 

 Herpetic whitlow 

 Herpes simplex

encephalitis
 HSV keratitis 

 HSV conjunctivitis

 HSV esophagitis

 Erythema multiforme

 10–  Sexu  After primary  Genital herpes  Antivirals may be indicated Acy
HHV-2 Herpes
simplex 20% in al infection, the virus remai  Eczema herpeticum 
virus
2 (HSV- adults  intercourse ns dormant in  Congenital 
2) [2]
 Perin nerve ganglia herpes simplex

atal  (typically sacral ganglia) , neonatal 

. herpes simplex

 Viral meningitis

 (more commonly caused by 

Overview of human herpes viruses

Human Subtypes Seroprevalenc Mode of Characteristics Disease Management

herpes e transmission
virus

HSV-2 than by

HSV-1
 Herpetic whitlow

Varicella
zoster  Up to  Respi  After primary  Primary infection:  
HHV-3
virus (VZ
90%  ratory infection,  chickenpox Vaccinations
V)
[3]
secretions VZV can become latent  (varicella)   are widely used to prevent 

 Vesic in dorsal root ganglia an  Reactivation:  VZV

ular fluid d  shingles  infections in children.

trigeminal ganglia  (zoster) 

.  Congenital varicella

syndrome
Overview of human herpes viruses

Human Subtypes Seroprevalenc Mode of Characteristics Disease Management

herpes e transmission
virus

Epstein-
Barr  65%  Saliv  Oncogenic  Infectious  Symptomatic therapy
HHV-4
virus (EB
in children, a potential: can mononucleosis
V)  Avoid physical activity that may
teens, and  Respi immortalize and  (positive 
splenic rupture
young ratory transform host  monospot test) 
 (e.g., contact sports) for at least 3 wee
adults secretions ( B cells  Oral hairy leukoplakia 

between 6 EBV is also  Uses CD21  Burkitt lymphoma 

and 19 called receptor to cause  Nasopharyngeal

years old  “kissing infection in  carcinoma

[4]
disease.”) B cells  (especially in adults of

Southeast Asian descent)

 Post-transplant

lymphoproliferative disorder
Overview of human herpes viruses

Human Subtypes Seroprevalenc Mode of Characteristics Disease Management

herpes e transmission
virus

Cytomeg
alovirus (  ∼  Cong  Large atypical  Cytomegalovirus  Antivirals may be indicated. 
HHV-5
CMV)
50% in the enital lymphocytes infection  (See “

US   Sexu  with  CMV mononucleosis Ganciclovir

al intranuclear inclusion  (occurs in immunocompetent ,” “

intercourse bodies that have an  individuals)  Foscarnet

 Trans owl-eye appearance   Congenital CMV ,” and “Fomivirsen.”) 

fusions  Uses integrins infection [6]

, transplants  to cause infection

 Saliv

a
 Urine

HHV-6
 ∼  Saliv  Virus spreads  Roseola infantum  Self-limiting condition
HHV-7 90% in the a early.   (more commonly caused  Symptomatic treatment to reduc

US   Reactivation of by HHV-6 than HHV-7) 

latent virus or reinfection

may occur later in life

(especially if individuals

become 

immunocompromised).
Overview of human herpes viruses

Human Subtypes Seroprevalenc Mode of Characteristics Disease Management

herpes e transmission
virus

Kaposi's
sarcoma-  <  Sexu  Has oncogenic  Kaposi sarcoma  Treatment of the underlying dise
HHV-8
associate
10% in the al potential   with HIV)
d virus (
KSHV) US  intercourse  Infects 

 High endothelial

er in   cells causing malignant,

multifocal, highly
men who
vascularized tumor
have sex

with men

 (MSM)

and 

HIV

positive pati

ents