PAPER: SOCIOLOGY (100

MARKS)

I. General Sociology

1. Individual: Sociability or the sociality of man.

2. Culture: (2016[4])

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a) Meaning and Characteristics (Culture is variable, learnt, social,
shared, transmissive, dynamic and adaptive),

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b) types (Material, Non –material), (2019[2])

c) functions (transfer of knowledge, define situation, provide behaviour

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pattern, moulds personality) and (2017[7])

d) elements of culture (norms, values, beliefs, sanctions, customs).

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e) Culture and Socialization;

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formal and non-formal socialization,

transmission of culture,
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• cultural relativism.
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f) Sub-cultures.
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g) Ethnocentrism and xenocentrism, (2019[4], 2018[2])

h) Cultural lag, (2019[2])

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i) High culture and popular culture.

j) Multiculturalism, assimilation, and acculturation.

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3. Society:
a) Meaning and characteristics.
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b) Community; meaning and characteristics. (2015[5])

c) Individual and society.
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• Relationship between individual and society.

• Two main theories regarding the relationship of man and
society (i) the social contact theory and (ii) the organismic
theory. (2018[3])
d) Social and cultural evolution of society (Hunting and Gathering
Society, Herding and Advance Herding Society, Horticultural
Society, Agrarian Society, Industrial Society, Post modern Society).
 4. Social Interaction:
a) Caste and classes, (2013[5], 2010[4])
b) Forms of social classes, (2016[3])
c) Feudal system in Pakistan, (2013[5])
d) Social Mobility-nature of social mobility and its determinants in
Pakistani society, (2017[8b], 2015[3], 2013[8ii])

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e) Culture of poverty.
5. Social Control:

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a) Mechanisms of social control-formal and informal means of social
control,

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b) Anomie, (2017[5], 2012[6])
c) Alienation and (2017[5])

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d) social Integration-Means of social integration in Pakistani Society.

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(2019[8b], 2012[8ii])
6. Social and Cultural Change and Social Policy: (2019[6], 2017[4], *2013[2])
a) Processes of Social and Cultural Change-discovery, (2015[6],
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2012[2], (2011[2]))
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b) Inhibitions to social and cultural change in Pakistan,
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c) Social planning and directed social and cultural change, (2013[8iv],

*2010[5])
d) Effect of Industrialization, Urbanization, Modernization and Modern
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Means of Communication on Social Change. (2018[4])

7. Public Opinion:
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a) Formation of public opinion, (2014[7])

b) concept of opinion leader,
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c) characteristics of opinion leadership.

8. Community:
a) The rural community,
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b) Traditional Characteristics of rural life,

c) The urban community, Rural – Urban convergence,
d) Urbanism, Future of cities in Pakistan. (2018[5], 2011[4], 2010[6])
9. Social Institutions:
a) The nature and genesis of institutions,
 b) The process of institutionalization,
c) Functions of Social Institutions: Family, Religion, Education,
Economy and Politics. (2018[6], 2014[4], 2013[7], 2012[8iii])
10. Social Problems in Pakistan: (2015[7], 2011[3])
a) High population growth rate,
b) Rural –urban migration. (2012[7])

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c) Issues of technical/vocational training,
d) Deviance and street crime, (2018[8ii], 2012[7])

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e) Unemployment, (2014[6])
f) illiteracy and School drop out,

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g) Smuggling,
h) Prostitution,

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i) Poverty (2012[8iv], 2010[8a])

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j) Drug Addiction, (2011[3], 2010[8b])
k) Child Labour and Abuse,
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l) Bonded Labour,
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m) Social customs and Traditions affecting Women in Pakistan,
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n) Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence,

o) Issues concerning the Elderly in Pakistan. (2011[8])
II. Sociological Theory:
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a) Three sociological perspectives:

 Structural Functionalism,
 Symbolic interactions and
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 Conflict.
b) Theorists: (2017[2], 2016[5])
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 Ibn-i-Khaldun, (2018[7], 2015[8], 2011[5])

 Spencer,
 August Comte, (2019[5], 2018[7], 2016[8a])
 Emile Dukheim, (2019[3], 2017[5], 2016[8b], 2013[3], 2012[6])
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 Max Weber, (2017[5], 2015[2], 2013[3], 2010[2])

 Karl Marx, (2019[7], 2017[5,6], 2015[4], 2013[8i], 2012[3], 2011[6])
 Parson.
III. Methods of Sociological Research: (2017[3], 2016[7], 2011[7])

a) Scientific Method, (2013[4], 2010[3])

b) Steps in research, (2018[8i])
 c) Types of Questionnaire Research Design,
d) Surveys,
e) Observation and Case Studies.
IV. Current and Other
1. Afghan War Syndrome (2019[8a])
2. Role of Religious Leaders in Integration of Pak Society(2019[8b])
3. Water and Food Security, Terrorism, Extremism (2018[5])

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4. Future of Pakistani Family system (2018[6], 2010[7])
5. Capitalism Vs Socialism (2017[6])

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6. Cultural Patterns (2017[7])
7. Political Economy of globalization (2017[8a])

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8. Regional Migration (2017[8b], 2015[3])
9. Application of Sociology (2016[2])

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10. Youth of Pakistan (2016[5])

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11. Robert King Merton (2016[6])
12. Crime as Social Problem (2015[7])
13. Attribution Theory, (2014[2])
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14. Mind construction (2014[3])
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15. Trained Incapacity (2015[6])
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16. Culture Invasion (2012[2])

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