Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Deepak Rawal Assistant Professor Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur India
Deepak Rawal Assistant Professor Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur India
Deepak Rawal Assistant Professor Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur India
Deepak Rawal
Assistant Professor
Mohanlal Sukhadia University
Udaipur India
REPTILIA CLASSIFICATION
General characters
• Reptiles means creeping
• Limbs are clawed when present
• Study of reptiles is called herpetology
• Cold- blooded(poikilothermic)
• Exoskeleton of horny scales,scutes or bony plates
• Skin dry,cornified and non glandular
• Skull is monocondylic
• T-shaped interclavicle present
• Heart with 2 auricle and incompletely divide ventricle(3.5 chambers) except crocodiles
whose have 4 chambers
• R.B.C. oval and nucleated
• 3-chambered Cloaca present
• Uricotelic excretion
• Metanephric kidney
• Cranial nerves 12 pairs (except snakes which have 10 pairs)
• Sexual dimorphism present
• Fertilisation internal
• Eggs are cleidoic(large yolky eggs with calcareous shell)
• No larval stage
• Amniotes(all 4extra-embryonic membranes present)
Classification of only living reptiles
Class-Reptilia
subclass- Subclass-
Anapsida Diapsida
Order-
Order-Chelonia
Rhynchocephalia
Order-Squamata
Order-Crocodilia
Amniotic cleidoic egg
Types of teeth in reptiles
• Chelone means turtles
ORDER-CHELONIA
• Anapsid skull
• Body enclosed in a dorsal carapace and ventral plastron made of dermal bony plates
• Teeth absent jaws with horny beaks
• Single nasal opening
• Limbs of aquatic forms modified into paddles
• Short tail
• Single intromittent organ in male
• Sternum is absent
• Cloacal respiration found
• Longest lifespan
• marine turtles;freshwater terrapins and terrestrial tortoises
• Example- Chelone
ORDER-RHYNCHOCEPHALIA
• Single species sphenodon punctatum(tuatara) of new
zealand
• Skull diapsid
• Skin with scales and mid dorsal row of spine
• Vestigial pineal eye present in parietal foramen
• No copulatory organ in male
• Teeth acrodont
• Eggs hatches in 13 months
• Living fossils
ORDER-CROCODILIA
• aquatic reptiles
• Sternum present
• Skin thick with bony plates and scutes
• Limbs are clawed and webbed
• Males have one intromittent organ
• Teeth thecodont
• Heart completely 4 chambered
• Examples-gharial, alligator and crocodile
• Example- Crocodylus
ORDER-SQUAMATA
• Lizards and snakes
• Suborder lacertilia/sauria- lizards
• Suborder ophidia/serpentina- snakes
• Bifid tongue in most
• Jacobson organ (gustatory and and olfatory organ) present in
the roof of mouth
• horny epidermal scales
• Teeth acrodont or pleurodont
• Male with double copulatory organ(hemipenes)
• Example- Calotes (garden lizard)
JACOBSON ORGAN
Difference between lizards and snakes
LIZARDS SNAKES
E.g- Kraits
E.g- Cobras
Scales in head region of snakes
POISONOUS AND NON-POISONOUS
SNAKES OF INDIA
POISONOUS NON-POISONOUS
HAEMOTOXIC • Python- Python regis
• Pit vipers; examples- Lechesis,
Ancistrodon • boas
• Pitless vipers;Daboia russeli (russell • Blind snake-Typhlops
viper)
Echis carinatus (saw scale viper) • Rat snake(dhaman)- Ptyas
NEUROTOXIC mucosa
• Indian cobra-Naja naja(spectacle
cobra)
• King cobra – Ophiophagus hanna
• Comman krait- Bungarus caeruleus
• Sea snake- Hydrophis obscurus
• Coral snake- Callophis
POISONOUS SNAKES OF INDIA