Design Projects

Chapter 9

This chapter is designed to provide the student with case study

exercises.

OBJECTIVES:
Upon completion of this chapter, the student will be able to:

• Do system balance calculations and explain the necessity of

performing it
• Calculate traffic and channel needs for a given area
• Make propagation calculations
• Construct a theoretical cell plan
Cell Planning Principles

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 9 Design Projects

9 Design Projects
Table of Contents

Topic Page

GSM 1900 STUDY CASE ....................................................................77

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA.................................................................................... 77
SYSTEM OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 77
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION............................................................................................. 77
PROPAGATION MODELS........................................................................................... 77
TRAFFIC ESTIMATION ............................................................................................... 78
TASK............................................................................................................................ 79

GSM 1800 STUDY CASE ....................................................................80

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA.................................................................................... 80
SYSTEM OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 80
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION............................................................................................. 80
PROPAGATION MODELS........................................................................................... 80
TRAFFIC ESTIMATION ............................................................................................... 81
TASK............................................................................................................................ 82

GSM 900 STUDY CASE ......................................................................83

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA.................................................................................... 83
SYSTEM OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 83
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION............................................................................................. 83
PROPAGATION MODELS........................................................................................... 83
TRAFFIC ESTIMATION ............................................................................................... 84
TASK............................................................................................................................ 85

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 9 Design Projects

GSM 1900 STUDY CASE

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The area is situated north of Dallas, Texas and covered by the
maps Garland and Plano (both suburbs of Dallas).

The built–up areas on the map incorporate several large

suburban residential areas. However, the maps are not up-to-
date. Making a visit to the area, one finds that a large number of
industrial companies have been built in north Richardson. Collin
Creek Mall is situated in South Plano.

A classification of the areas to be covered is described in

Figure 9-1 through Figure 9-3.

SYSTEM OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS

The operator requires support of 1-watt cellular phones in the
entire system. The antenna gain in the mobile stations is
assumed to be 0 dBi, while the feeder loss of the mobile is 0 dB.

Antenna effective heights of 30 meters are used everywhere in

this system for simplicity.

The operator requires a grade of service of 2%.

The signal strength requirement is –90 dBm or higher.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The system can be planned according to a 4/12 re-use pattern.
The system operator has access to 24 frequencies. Combiner loss
is assumed to be 3 dB regardless of the number of channels
used. Feeder loss is assumed to be 3.5 dB at 30 meters antenna
height. Output and received power is presented in dBm.

PROPAGATION MODELS
Ericsson uses a modified Cost-231-Hata model for the
propagation predictions. In this case though, we have no access
to computers. Therefore, the empirical formulas of Hata will be
used to manually calculate/predict radio wave propagation.

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Cell Planning Principles

TRAFFIC ESTIMATION
Statistical studies of the area have shown that the traffic per
subscriber is as follows:

• Average call duration: 120 seconds

• Average number of calls per subscriber during a busy hour:
1.0
• Subscriber distribution is represented by Figure 9-1 through
Figure 9-3

Figure 9-1 Offered traffic for Open/Rural areas

Figure 9-2 Offered traffic for Suburban areas

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&ROOLQ&UHHN0DOO

Figure 9-3 Offered traffic for a specific location

TASK
Present a theoretical cell plan that fulfills the system operator
requirements.

The result will be presented as a map with site locations and

coverage for each cell (represented by hexagons of suitable
2
size). The area covered by a hexagon is approximately 2.6 x 5
where 5 is the cell radius.

A list of the following parameters should be presented for at

least one cell per area:

• Site location
• Antenna directions
• Antenna gain
• Power level of the TRU
• ERP
• Estimated Traffic
• Frequency allocations

EN/LZT 123 3314 R3A – 79 –

Cell Planning Principles

GSM 1800 STUDY CASE

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The area to be planned is Stockholm, Sweden with surrounding
suburbs covered by the map “Stockholm 10I NO”.

The terrain is somewhat smooth with two major highways: E3

and E4. Stockholm and the suburban centers have buildings of
stone and concrete. The buildings are four to seven stories high.

The built-up areas on the map incorporates a large number of

industrial companies. Globen Sports Arena is situated south of
Stockholm.

A classification of the areas to be covered is described in

Figure 9-4 through Figure 9-6.

SYSTEM OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS

The operator requires support of 1 W cellular phones in the
entire system. The antenna gain in the mobile stations is
assumed to be 0 dBi while the feeder loss of the mobile is 0 dB.

Antenna effective heights of 30 meters are used everywhere in

this system for simplicity.

The operator requires a grade of service of 2%.

The signal strength requirement is –90 dBm or higher.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The system operator has access to 48 frequencies. The system
can be planned according to a 3/9 re-use pattern. Combiner loss
is assumed to be 3 dB regardless of the number of channels
used. Feeder loss is assumed to be 3.5 dB at 30 meters antenna
height. Output and received power is presented in dBm.

PROPAGATION MODELS
Ericsson uses a modified Okumura/Hata model for the
propagation predictions. In this case though, we have no access
to computers. Therefore, the empirical formulas of Hata will be
used to manually calculate/predict radio wave propagation.
Remember to use antenna gain values specified in dBi.

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TRAFFIC ESTIMATION
Statistical studies of the area have shown that the traffic per
subscriber is as follows:

• Average call duration: 120 seconds

• Average number of calls per subscriber during a busy hour:
1.0
• Subscriber distribution is represented by Figure 9-4through
Figure 9-6

20

10

Figure 9-4 Offered traffic for Open/Rural areas

500

Figure 9-5 Offered traffic for Suburban areas

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Cell Planning Principles

Globen

1000

500

Figure 9-6 Offered traffic for a specific location

TASK
Present a theoretical cell plan that fulfills the system operator
requirements.

The result will be presented as a map with site locations and

coverage for each cell (represented by hexagons of suitable
2
size). The area covered by a hexagon is approximately 2.6 x 5
where 5 is the cell radius.

A list of the following parameters should be presented for at

least one cell per area:

• Site location
• Antenna directions
• Antenna gain
• Output power of the TRX/TRU
• ERP
• Estimated Traffic
• Frequency allocations

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GSM 900 STUDY CASE

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The area is situated north of Stockholm and covered by the map
“Uppsala 11I SV”.

The terrain is somewhat smooth with two major highways, E4

and E18. There are a few suburbs in Stockholm with concrete
houses in the central parts within the area. In the lower left part
there is a military exercise area.

The built-up areas on the map incorporate a large number of

industrial companies and several large suburban residential
areas. Arlanda International Airport is also situated in this area.

A classification of the areas to be covered is described in

Figure 9-7 through Figure 9-9.

SYSTEM OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS

The operator requires support of Class 4 cellular phones in the
entire system. The antenna gain in the mobile stations is
assumed to be 0 dBi while the feeder loss of the mobile is 0 dB.

Antenna effective heights of 30 meters are used everywhere in

this system for simplicity.

The operator requires a grade of service of 2%.

The signal strength requirement is –85 dBm or higher.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The system operator has access to 27 frequencies. The system
can be planned according to a 3/9 re-use pattern. Combiner loss
is assumed to be 3 dB regardless of the number of channels
used. Feeder loss is assumed to be 3.5 dB at 30 meters antenna
height. Output and received power is presented in dBm.

PROPAGATION MODELS
Ericsson uses a modified Okumura/Hata model for the
propagation predictions. In this case though, we have no access
to computers. Therefore, the empirical formulas of Hata will be
used to manually calculate/predict radio wave propagation.

EN/LZT 123 3314 R3A – 83 –

Cell Planning Principles

TRAFFIC ESTIMATION
Statistical studies of the area have shown that the traffic per
subscriber is as follows:

• Average call duration: 120 seconds.

• Average number of calls per subscriber during a busy hour:
1.0.
• Subscriber distribution is represented by Figure 9-7 through
Figure 9-9

Figure 9-7 Offered traffic for Open/Rural areas

60

50

40

Figure 9-8 Offered traffic for Suburban areas

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Arlanda International airport

200

100

Figure 9-9 Offered traffic for a specific location

TASK
Present a theoretical cell plan that fulfills the system operator
requirements.

The result will be presented as a map with site locations and

coverage for each cell (represented by hexagons of suitable
2
size). The area covered by a hexagon is approximately 2.6 x 5
where 5 is the cell radius.

A list of the following parameters should be presented for at

least one cell per area:

• Site location
• Antenna directions
• Antenna gain
• Output power of the TRX/TRU
• ERP
• Estimated Traffic
• Frequency allocations

EN/LZT 123 3314 R3A – 85 –

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