National Textile University

BS Textile Engineering

Experiment No. 08
Title of the Experiment
Use Switches and Relays in Proteus Professional to Model and Control Different
Electrical and Electronic circuits

Course Code: EE-3001

Course Title: Electrical and Electronic System
Section GM 6
Semester: 6th

Mohammad Hamza 18+NTU-0106

Abstract:
In this experiment, switches and relays was used to made and control electrical circuits in
Proteus software. Two circuits was made. First circuit was made by using battery, switches,
ammeters, lamps and DC motor. Switches, ammeters and DC motor was connected in parallel
w.r.t battery. Voltage given to the battery was 9V. Some switches was turned ON and some was
turned OFF separately to measure the readings of current in ammeter of lamps and DC motor.
Second circuit was made by using battery, switch, ammeter, voltmeter and lamp. Voltage given

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to the battery was 9V. The readings of ammeter and voltmeter was measured in pushed state and
released state of switch.

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Introduction:
Objectives:

Objectives of the experiment were as follow:

● Use Proteus Model to make electrical switches

● Use Switches and Relay to control electrical switches

Theory:

Switch:

In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the
conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one
conductor to another. The most common type of switch is an electromechanical device consisting
of one or more sets of movable electrical contacts connected to external circuits. When a pair of
contacts is touching current can pass between them, while when the contacts are separated no
current can flow.

Relay:

A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or
multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any
number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or
combinations thereof.

Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an independent low-power signal, or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. Relays were first used in long-distance
telegraph circuits as signal repeaters: they refresh the signal coming in from one circuit by
transmitting it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early
computers to perform logical operations.

Experimental Procedure:

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In this experiment, switches and relays was used to made and control electrical circuits in
Proteus software. For first circuit, battery (of 9V), switches (1 SW-DPST switch and 4 SW-
SPST), ammeter, lamps (of 9V) and DC motor were used to make the circuit. Then started the
simulation and kept the switch 1 turned ON throughout the simulation. For recording the
readings, switch 2, 3, 4 and 5 was turned ON separately. Firstly, SW1 and SW2 was turned ON
and all others were turned OFF and recorded the readings of lamp 1. SW1, SW2 and SW3 was
turned ON and all others were turned OFF and recorded the readings of lamp 1 and lamp 2. By
this same procedure, readings of lamp 3 and lamp 4 was also measured.

For second circuit, battery (of 9V), switch (SW-SPST-MOM), ammeter, voltmeter and lamp
were used to make the circuit. Simulation was started, readings of ammeter and voltmeter was
noted at the pushed and released state of switch.

Results and discussion:

Circuit 1:

Table 1:

Lamp 1 Lamp 2 Lamp 3 DC Motor

SPST Switches States
Current/A Current/A Current/A Current/A

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 SW2 is ON, All other
0.37 0 0 0
OFF

SW2, SW3 are ON, All

0.37 0.37 0 0
other OFF

SW2, SW3, SW4 are ON,

0.38 0.38 0.38 0
SW5 is OFF

SW5 is ON, All other

0 0 0 0.73
OFF

Circuit 2:

Table 2:

Battery Voltage/V Switch State Lamp Current/A Lamp Voltage/V

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 9 Pushed 0.37 8.96

9 Released 0 0

The Above mentioned readings showed that the current and voltage were in the circuit only
when switch is in push state. When it is released, ammeter and voltmeter show no reading.

Switches used in this experiment was SPST and DPST. SPST is a simple on-off switch: The two
terminals are either connected together or disconnected from each other. An example is a light
switch. DPST is equivalent to two SPST switches controlled by a single mechanism.

Conclusion:
A ubiquitous technology, switches can be found as part of the user interface for nearly every
electrical and mechanical product. Relays are used wherever it is necessary to control a high
power or high voltage circuit with a low power circuit, especially when galvanic isolation is
desirable. From the above observations, it is concluded that electrical switches and relays can
control the various operations like domestic/industrial loads, pump motor starters, etc.

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