PRINCIPLES OF LEVELLING

I. HEIGHT OF INSTRUMENTS AND FALL & RISE METHOD

HEIGHT OF INSTRUMENTS
HI = RL + BS
RL = HI - FS

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. The following shows a tabulated data of differential leveling notes.

STA B.S F.S. H.I. R.L.

1 5.87 125.25
2 7.03 6.29
3 3.48 6.25
4 7.25 7.08
5 10.19 5.57
6 9.29 4.45
7 4.94

a. What is the elevation betweent of Sta. 4?

b. What is the difference in elevation between STA5 and STA.2?
c. What is the elevation of STA 7?

2. The following readings were taken with a level and 4 m staff.

Draw up a level book page and reduce the levels by the height of instrument method.
0.578 B.M.(= 58.250 m), 0.933, 1.768, 2.450, (2.005 and 0.567) C.P., 1.888, 1.181,
(3.679 and 0.612) C.P., 0.705, 1.810.
STA B.S I.S. F.S. H.I. R.L. REMARKS
1 0.578 58.25 BM
2 0.933
3 1.768
4 2.45
5 0.567 2.005 CP
6 1.888
7 1.181
8 0.612 3.679 CP
9 0.705
10 1.81
Σ
 3. The following readings were taken with a level and 4 m staff.
Draw up a level book page and reduce the levels by F&R method.
0.578 B.M.(= 58.250 m), 0.933, 1.768, 2.450, (2.005 and 0.567) C.P., 1.888, 1.181,
(3.679 and 0.612) C.P., 0.705, 1.810.

II. TWO PEG TEST

A very simple but relatively easy way to determine the error in the line of sight of a level.
It can also determine the correction needed to make the line of sight horizontal.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. In the two-peg test of a dumpy level the following observations are taken,
Instrument Near A Instrument Near B
Rod Reading on A 1.501 0.903
Rod Reading on B 2.022 1.452

a. Compute the true difference in elevation the two points.

b. Compute the error.
c. Compute the correct reading at B when the instrument is near A that will give a level
line of sight.

2. The line of sight of a wye level was tested by setting up exactly midway between two points
A and B then it was consequently set-up near B.
Instrument Midway Instrument Near B
Rod Reading on A 1.520m 1.683m
Rod Reading on B 1.395m 1.490m

a. What is the true difference in elevation between A and B.

b. Determine the reading at A that will make the line of sight horizontal
with the instrument set-up near B?