Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.

Termodinámica.

Homework #10. Gas Power Systems.

Example 9.5. Determine the pressure ratio across the compressor of an ideal Brayton cycle for the
maximum net work output per unit of mass flow if the state at the compressor inlet and the
temperature at the turbine inlet are fixed. Use a cold air-standard analysis and ignore kinetic and
potential energy effects. Discuss.

9.44. Consider an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle with minimum and maximum temperatures of
300 K and 1500 K, respectively. The pressure ratios is that which maximizes the net work
developed by the cycle per unit mass of air flow. On a cold air-standard basis, calculate
(a) the compressor and turbine work per unit mass of air flow, each in kJ/kg.
(b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
(c) Plot the thermal efficiency versus the maximum cycle temperature ranging from 1200 to
1800 K.

9.50. Air enters the compressor of a simple gas turbine at p1 = 14 lbf/in2, T1 = 520°R. The isentropic
efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 83 and 87%, respectively. The compressor pressure
ratio is 14 and the temperature at the turbine inlet is 2500°R. The net power developed is 5 × 10 6
Btu/h. On the basis of an air-standard analysis, calculate
(a) the volumetric flow rate of the air entering the compressor, in ft3/min.
(b) the temperatures at the compressor and turbine exits, each in °R.
(c) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

9.61. Air enters the turbine of a gas turbine at 1200 kPa, 1200 K, and expands to 100 kPa in two
stages. Between the stages, the air is reheated at a constant pressure of 350 kPa to 1200 K. The
expansion through each turbine stage is isentropic. Determine, in kJ, per kg of air flowing
(a) the work developed by each stage.
(b) the heat transfer for the reheat process.
(c) the increase in net work as compared to a single stage if expansion with no reheat.

9.66. A two-stage air compressor operates at steady state, compressing 10 m3/min of air from 100
kPa, 300 K, to 1200 kPa. An intercooler between the two stages cools the air to 300 K at a constant
pressure of 350 kPa. The compression processes are isentropic. Calculate the power required to run
the compressor, in kW, and compare the result to the power required for isentropic compression
from the same inlet state to the same final pressure.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas

Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.
Termodinámica.

9.79. Consider the addition of an afterburner to the turbojet in Problem 9.76 that raises the
temperature at the inlet of the nozzle to 1300 K. Determine the velocity at the nozzle exit, in m/s.
9.76. Air at 22 kPa, 220 K, and 250 m/s enters a turbojet engine in flight at an altitude of
10,000 m. The pressure ratio across the compressor is 12. The turbine inlet
temperature is 1400 K, and the pressure at the nozzle exit is 22 kPa. The diffuser and
nozzle processes are isentropic, the compressor and turbine have isentropic
efficiencies of 85 and 88%, respectively, and there is no pressure drop for flow through
the combustor. On the basis of an air-standard analysis, determine
(a) the pressures and temperatures at each principal state, in kPa and K, respectively.
(b) the velocity at the nozzle exit, in m/s.
Neglect kinetic energy except at the diffuser inlet and the nozzle exit.

9.85. Helium is used in a combined cycle power plant as the working fluid in a simple closed gas
turbine serving as the topping cycle for a vapor power cycle. A nuclear reactor is the source energy
input to the helium. Figure P9.85 provides steady-state operating data. Helium enters the
compressor of the gas turbine at 200 lbf/in2, 180°F with a mass flow rate of 8×105 lb/h and is
compressed to 800 lbf/in2. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 80%. The helium then
passes through the reactor with a negligible decrease in pressure, exiting at 1400°F. Next, the
helium expands through the turbine, which has an isentropic efficiency of 80%, to a pressure of 200
lbf/in2. The helium then passes through the interconnecting heat exchanger and exits as saturated
vapor at 1200 lbf/in2. The vapor is superheated before entering the turbine at 800°F, 1200 lbf/in2.
The steam expands through the turbine to 1 lbf/in2 and a quality of 0.9. Saturated liquid exits the
condenser at 1 lbf/in2. Cooling water passing through the condenser experiences a temperature rise
from 60 to 90°F. The isentropic pump efficiency is 100%. Stray heat transfer and kinetic and
potential energy effects can be ignored. Determine
(a) the mass flow rates of the steam and the cooling water each in lb/h.
(b) the net power developed by the gas turbine an vapor cycles, each in Btu/h.
(c) the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas

Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.
Termodinámica.

9.89. Air enters the compressor of an Ericsson cycle at 300K, 1 bar, with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s.
the pressure and temperature at the inlet to the turbine are 10 bar and 1400 K, respectively.
Determine
(a) the net power developed, in kW.
(b) the thermal efficiency.
(c) the back work ratio.

9.93. Helium is the working fluid in a Stirling cycle. In the isothermal compression, the helium is
compressed from 15 lbf/in2, 100°F, to 150 lbf/in2. The isothermal expansion occurs at 1500°F.
Determine
(a) the work and heat transfer, in Btu per lb of helium, for each process in the cycle.
(b) the thermal efficiency.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas