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Physics Part 1 Important Short Questions & Long Questions

Chapter 1:

Exercise Short Questions::

Q # 1 Does the dimensional analysis gives any information on constant of proportionality that may appear in an
algebraic expression. Explain?
Q # 2 Write the dimensions of (i) Pressure (ii) Density?
Q # 3 The wavelength of a wave depends on the speed of the wave and its frequency. Decide which of the
following is correct,
V = f𝜆 or V/𝜆 = f

Additional Short Questions:

Q 1: Differentiate between precise measurement (Precision) and accurate measurement (Accuracy)?
Q 2: Define absolute uncertainty?
Q 3: What is dimension? Write down two uses of dimensional analysis?
Q 4: Write dimension of Mass, Length, Time/Time period, Velocity, Acceleration, Force, Work, Power, Torque,
Frequency, Momentum, Impulse, Viscosity, Angular velocity, Angular acceleration?
Q 5: Example: 2,3,4,6
Q 6: Numerical: 4,5,6,7,9

Chapter 2:

Exercise Short Questions::

1) Define the terms (i) Unit Vector (ii) Position Vector (iii) Component of a Vector.
2) The vector sum of three vectors gives a zero resultant. What can be the orientation of the vectors?
3) Is it possible to add a vector quantity to a scalar quantity? Explain.
4) Can you add zero to a null vector?
5) Show that the sum and difference of two perpendicular vectors of equal lengths are also perpendicular and of the
same length?
6) Suppose the sides of a closed polygon represent vector-arranged head to tail. What is the sum of these vectors?
7) If all the components of the vectors A1 and A2 were reversed, how would this alter A1 × 𝐴2?

Additional Short Questions:

Q 1: Define null and equal vectors.
Q 2: Define Resultant vector and rectangular component of a vector?
Q 3: Define scalar product with two examples?
Q 4: Define torque (moment of force)? Write its unit and dimension?
Q 5: Define moment arm?
Q 6: Define Coordinate axes and rectangular coordinate system?
Q 7: Define vector product with two examples?
Q 8: State right hand rule?
Q 9: Write down two properties of scalar product? OR
Under what condition scalar product will be maximum and zero?
Q 10: Write down two properties of vector product? OR
Under what condition vector product will be maximum and zero?
Q 11: Scalar product is a commutative property. Justify?
Q 12: Vector product is a non-commutative property. Justify?
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Long Questions:
Example: 2,3,5,6
Numerical: 3,5,6,9,10,11,14
Long question:
(1).vector addition by rectangular components
(2). Scalar product with its characteristics
(3).vector product with its characteristics
(4). Torque

Chapter 3:

Exercise Short Questions::

1. Define impulse and show that how it is related to linear momentum.
2. State the law of conservation of linear momentum?
3. Explain the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions.
4. At what point or points in its path does a projectile have its minimum speed, its maximum speed?

Additional Short Questions:

Q # 1 Define the term impulse? Also write its unit and dimension? Does a moving body have impulses?
Q # 2 Find out the expression of force on a wall due to water flow
Q # 3 What do you know about projectile motion? Write down the expression of horizontal and vertical distance at
any instant of time?
Q # 4 Derive the expressions for Height of projectile?
Q # 5 Derive the expressions for Time of Flight.
Q # 6 Derive the expressions for Range and maximum range of Projectile
Q # 7 Define ballistics flight and ballistic trajectory.

Long Questions:
Example: 2,3,5,6,7
Numerical: 3,8,9,10,11,13
Long questions:
(1). Law of conservation of momentum
(2). Elastic collision in one dimension with its cases
(4). Rocket propulsion
(5). Projectile motion complete

Chapter 4:

Exercise Short Questions:

1. A person hold a bag of groceries while standing still, talking to a friend. A car is stationary with its engine running.
From the standpoint of work, how are these two situations similar?
2. Calculate the work done in kilo joules in lifting a mass of 10 kg (at a steady velocity) through a vertical height of 10
m.
3. In which case is more work done? When a 50 kg bag of books is lifted through 50 cm, or when a 50 kg crate is
pushed through 2 m across the floor with a force of 50 N?
4. An object has 1 J of potential energy. Explain what it means?
5. When a rocket re-enters the atmosphere, its nose cone becomes very hot. Where does this heat energy come
from?
6. A girl drops a cup from a certain height, which breaks into pieces. What energy changes are involved?

Additional Short Questions:

Q # 1 Define the term work. Give its SI unit and dimension?
Q # 2 What four conclusion can you draw from the definition of work?
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Q # 3 Differentiate between conservative and non-conservative field? Give examples?
Q # 4 Define the term power? Give its SI unit and dimension?
Q # 5 Differentiate between Average Power and Instantaneous Power?
Q # 6 Prove that power ⃗P = ⃗F . ⃗V ?
Q # 7 Define: 1) joule 2) watt
Q # 8 Define kilowatt-hour? Show that 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ ?
Q # 9 Define the term energy? Differentiate among kinetic energy and potential energy?
Q # 10 Differentiate between gravitational P.E and elastic P.E?
Q # 11 State work energy relation and write down its equation?
Q # 12 Define escape velocity and also give its equation and value?
Q # 13 Define absolute potential energy and also give its equation?
Q # 14 State law of conservation of energy.

Long Questions:
Example: 1,2,3
Numerical: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Long questions:
(1). Work done by variable force
(2). Work done by gravitational field
(3). Absolute potential energy
(4). Interconversion of P.E and k.E
(5). Work energy principle

Chapter 5:

Exercise Short Questions:

1. Explain the difference between tangential velocity and the angular velocity. If one of these is given for a wheel of
known radius, how will you find the other?
2. Explain what is meant by centripetal force and why it must be furnished to an object if the object is to follow a
circular path.
3. What is meant by moment of inertia? Explain the significance.
4. What is meant by angular momentum? Explain the law of conservation of angular momentum.
5. Show that orbital angular momentum Lo = mvr.
6. State the direction of the following vectors in simple situations; angular momentum and angular velocity.
7. When mud flies off the tyre of a moving bicycle, in what direction does it fly? Explain.
8. A disc and a hoop start moving down from the top of an inclined plane at the same time. Which one will be
moving faster on reaching the bottom? Disc will be moving faster on reaching the ground?
9. Why does a diver change his body positions before diving in the pool?

Additional Short Questions:

Q # 1 Define the term angular displacement? Also write its SI unit and dimension?
Q # 2 Derive the relationship between and radian and degrees?
Q # 3 Define: Angular Velocity, Average Angular Velocity, Instantaneous Angular Velocity? Also write its SI unit and
dimension?
Q # 4 Define the following terms corresponding to the circular motion: Angular Acceleration? Also write its SI unit
and dimension?
Q#5
Derive the relationship between the angular displacement and linear displacement?
Derive the relationship between the angular velocity and linear velocity?
Derive the relationship between the angular acceleration and linear acceleration?
Q # 6 What is centripetal acceleration?
Q # 7 Write equation of Moment of inertia for thin rod , thin ring , solid disc and sphere ?
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Q # 8 What do you know about the angular momentum? Also give its unit and importance?
Q # 9 Differentiate between spin and orbital angular momentum?
Q # 10 What do you know about the rotational kinetic energy?
Q # 11 What is meant by orbital velocity?
Q # 12 Distinguish among the real weight and apparent weight.

Long Questions:
Example: 1,2,5,6
Numerical: 1,2,3,5,6,7
Long questions:
(1). Centripetal force
(2). Moment of inertia
(3). Rotational K.E (disc and hoop)
(4). Cases of Apparent weight in lift
(5). Law of conservation of angular momentum

Chapter 6:

Exercise Short Questions:

Q.1 Explain what do you understand by the term viscosity?
Q.2 What is meant by drag force? What are the factors upon which drag force acting upon a small sphere of radius r,
moving down through liquid, depend?
Q.3 Why fog droplets appear to be suspended in air?
Q.4 Explain the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow.
Q.5 Two row boats moving parallel in the same direction are pulled towards each other. Explain.
Q.6 Explain how the swing is produced in a fast moving cricket ball.
Q.7 Explain the working of a carburetor of a motor car using Bernoulli’s principle.

Additional Short Questions:

Q # 1 Define the term terminal velocity?
Q # 2 White down the properties of an ideal fluid?
Q # 3 What is meant by Torricelli theorem?
Q # 4 Define Venturi relation?

Long Questions:
Example: 1,2,3
Numerical: 1,2,4,5,9
Long question:
(1). Terminal velocity
(2). Equation of continuity
(3). Bernoullis equation
(4). Applications of Bernoullis equation

Chapter 7:

Exercise Short Questions:

Q.1 What is the total distance traveled by an object moving with SHM in a time equal to its period, if its amplitude is
A?
Q.2 What happens to the period of a simple pendulum if its length is doubled? What happens if the suspended mass
is doubled?
Q.3 Does the acceleration of a simple harmonic oscillator remain constant during its motion? Is the acceleration ever
zero? Explain.
Q.4 What is meant by phase angle? Does it define angle between maximum displacement and the driving force?
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Q.5 Under what conditions does the addition of two simple harmonic motions produce a resultant, which is also
simple harmonic?
Q.6 Explain the relation between total energy, kinetic energy and potential energy for a body oscillating the SHM?
Q.7 Describe some common phenomena in which resonance plays an important role.
Q.8 If a mass spring system is hung vertically and set into oscillations, why does the motion eventually stop?

Additional Short Questions:

Q1: Define SHM. (simple harmonic motion)?
Q2: Write down the expressions for angular frequency, time period, displacement and velocity for the case of
horizontal mass spring system.
Q3: What is simple pendulum? Which restoring force acts in simple pendulum?
Q4: Explain free and forced oscillations.
Q5: Define resonance. Write its examples.
Q6: Differentiate between mechanical resonance and electrical resonance?
Q7: Give advantages and disadvantages of resonance?
Q8: Briefly give two phenomena in which resonance plays an important role.
Q9. What do you understand by sharpness in resonance?

Long Questions:
Example: 1,2,3
Numerical: 1,2,4,5
Long questions:
(1). Horizontal mass spring system
(2). Simple pendulum
(3). Energy conservation in SHM
(4). Resonance and its advantages and disadvantages

Chapter 8:

Exercise Short Questions:

1. Is it possible for two identical waves travelling in the same direction along a string to give rise to a stationary
wave? No. It is not possible.
2. Why does sound travel faster in solids than in gases?
3. How are beats useful in tuning musical instruments?
4. Explain why travels sound faster in warm air than in cold air.

Additional Short Questions:

Q1. Define the term wave.
Q2: Define mechanical and electromagnetic waves. Give examples of each wave?
Q3: Differentiate between longitudinal and transverse waves.
Q4: What is progressive or travelling wave. Give the names of two progressive waves.
Q5: What is effect of pressure on speed of sound in gases
Q6: Describe the effect of density on the speed of sound in gases.
Q7: What is effect of temperature on the speed of sound in gases.
Q8: State the principle of superposition. Also write the applications of Superposition Principle
Q9: Explain the term Beats, Interference.
Q10: Differentiate between constructive and destructive interference.
Q11. Describe the two conditions of reflection of waves.
Q12: How stationary waves are produced in a medium.
Q13: Define node and antinode?

Long Questions:
Example: 1,2,3,4
Numerical: 1,3,5,6,7
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Long questions:
(1). Speed of sound in air
(2). Effect of temperature on speed of sound
(3). Beats
(4). Stationary waves in a stretched string
(5). Stationary wave in air columns

Chapter 9:

Exercise Short Questions:

1. Under what conditions two or more sources of light behave as coherent sources?
2. How is the distance between interference fringes affected by the separation between the slits of Young’s
experiment? Can fringes disappear?
3 Can visible light produce interference fringes? Explain.
4. In the Young’s experiment, one of the slits is covered with blue filter and other with red filter. What would be the
pattern of light intensity on the screen?
5 Explain whether the Young’s experiment is an experiment for studying interference or diffraction effects of light.
6. Could you obtain Newton’s rings with transmitted light? If yeas, would the pattern be different from that obtained
with reflected light?
7. How would you manage to get more orders of spectra using a diffraction grating?

Additional Short Questions:

Q1: Define wave fronts. Also give its types.
Q2: Define a ray of light.
Q3: State two postulates of Huygen’s principle
Q4: What is difference between interference and diffraction fringes?
Q5: What are conditions for detectable interference of light?
Q6: What are Newton’s Rings.
Q7: The center of Newton’s ring is dark. Why?
Q8: What do you know about Michelson’s Interferometer?
Q9: What is diffraction grating, write equation.
Q10: What is meant by diffraction of light.
Q11: Define the term Grating Element.
Q12: Why the diffraction effects of X-rays are not observed by ordinary diffraction gratings.

Long Questions:
Example: 1,2
Numerical: 3,4,5,6,7
Long questions:
(1). Young’s double slit experiment
(2). Newton rings
(3). Diffraction grating
(4). Diffraction of r rays by crystal
(5). Michelson interferometer

Chapter 10:

Exercise Short Questions:

1. What do you understand by linear magnification and angular magnification? Explain how a convex lens is used as a
magnifier?
2. Explain the difference between angular magnification and resolving power of an optical instrument. What limits
the magnification of an optical instrument?
3. Why would it be advantageous to use blue light with a compound microscope?
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4. One can buy a cheap microscope for use by the children. The image seen in such a microscope have colored
edges. Why is this so?
5. If a person were looking through a telescope at the full moon, how would the appearance of the moon be
changed by covering half of the objective lens?

Additional Short Questions:

1. Define least distance of distinct vision?
2. Define resolution power?
3. What is spectrometer? Write down the name of components of spectrometer?
4. Differentiate between total internal reflection and continuous refraction?
5. What is optical fibre? Give its uses?
6. What is meant by critical angle?

Long Questions:
Example: 1,2
Numerical: 1,2,3,4,6,8,9
Long question:
(1). Simple microscope
(2). Compound microscope
(3). Optical fibre and its principle
(4). Astronomical telescope
(5). Spectrometer
(6) Measurement of speed of light

Chapter 11:

Exercise Short Questions:

1. Why is the average velocity of the molecules in a gas zero but the average of the square of velocities is not zero?
2 Why does the pressure of a gas in a car tyre increase when it is driven through some distance?
3. Specific heat of a gas at constant pressure is greater than specific heat at constant volume. Why?
4 Give an example of a process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system but the temperature of the
system changes.
5. Is it possible to convert internal energy into mechanical energy? Explain with example.
6 Is it possible to construct a heat engine that will not expel heat into the atmosphere?
7. Can the mechanical energy be converted completely into heat energy? If so give an example.

Additional Short Questions:

Q 1. Write the four postulates of kinetic theory of gases.
Q 2. What is meant by pressure of gases? Give its mathematical form?
Q 3. Derive Boyle’s law from kinetic theory of gases.
Q 4. Derive Charles’ law from kinetic theory of gases.
Q 5. What is average translational kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas at 28 0C.
Q 6. Define the term internal energy. Discuss in what form it is in an ideal gas.
Q 7. State First law of thermodynamics? How it is applicable on human body.
Q 8. What is the difference between isothermal and adiabatic process.
Q 9. What is meant by heat and work and when it said to be positive and negative?
Q 10. Define molar specific heat of gases and 𝜸 ?
Q 11. Define : molar specific heat of gases CP and molar specific heat of gases Cv.
Q 12. Define the term cycle? Define reversible and irreversible processes. Give example.
Q 13. Draw the diagram of heat engine and refrigerator?
Q 14. Define heat engine. What is its components and working?
Q 15. State second law of thermodynamics? OR State second law of thermodynamics in term of entropy?
Q 16. State Carnot’s theorem.
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Long Questions:
Example: 1,2,3,4
Numerical: 1,2,3 4,5,7,8,11
Long questions:
(1). Pressure of a gas
(2). Postulates of KMT
(3). Interpretation of temperature & derivation of gas law
(4). First law of thermodynamics
(5). Isothermal and adiabatic process
(6). Cp-Cv=R prove it
(7). Carnot engine and theorem