IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Before the 18th century, there were inventions like the printing press and gunpowder which are also
under the industrial revolution, but in 1765 the invention of the steam engine took place which leads
to the automation of making things which leads to the main industrial revolution and created an
increase in production of goods which impact on human lives and as well as human settlements.
Before the invention of the steam engine, the production place or the shops were very small. But
after the invention, the factories got to build, and it attracted more workers. and also there were
railroads introduced for public transportation in 1825. And then the population got increased. After
that lot of developments have happened including water and sewage systems. So then there was the
development of people settlements around the factories. And the roads from factories to the
distribution places became the main roads.

Now more factories got build near some rivers and the people were settled there around the
factories and the result is the formation of slums. in the 19 th century, there was a huge development
in urban planning. There were long streets formed with two-storied row houses. And also there was
good planning of interiors of houses included. After this in the 19 th century, an industrialist planned a
city that consists of rows of dwelling which were at the center and then surrounded by some
gardens. So this is created for 1200 people and which also consists of some workshops and with an
outer wall surrounded acres of farming land. In later stages, some leaders come up with some ideas
called “model” dwellings that didn`t solve the problem. Later that the industrial owners themselves
built some dwellings for their workers. Even then the dwellings were not enough for the workers.

Now comes the main idea, which is the gridiron pattern. This was made by making a map and then
drawing straight patterns on the map in which rivers and valleys were ignored. And also made some
subdivisions in those patterns. At the end of the 19 th century, the government of Europe took this
problem as their responsibility and decided to improve the city. And also there was fundraised by
the government for the development. And during this, the population also getting increased which
resulted in settlements around the cities. In the late 19 th century some competitions were held on
the good design of urban and house planning in which a design was got selected. Using that design
they changed the rooms of the houses. And also designing apartments were held. During this stage
in the early 20th century, the population started migrating from rural areas to urban areas. As the
population increased the land price increased as well. And also real estate business started growing
in the cities.