04 By-products related to Iuels
95103514 H S removal from coal gas et elevated temperature
and pressure k fluidized bed with zinc titanate sorbents. 1, Cyc-
lic tests
Mojtahedi, W. and Abbasian, J. Energy & Fiels, May-Jun. 1995, 9, (3),
429434.
Simplified integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) processes are
considered lo be among the most efficient and environmentally acceptable
technologies for power generation from coal. In such processes the coal is
gasified at pressure and the coal gas is cleaned and combusted in a gas
turbine. Coal gas cleanup at elevated pressure and temperature in the IGCC
processes offers advantages in higher power generation efficiency and sim-
pler plant configuration. Regenerable mixed metal oxide sorbents are the
prime candidates for removal of hydrogen sulphide (the main pollutant)
from the hot coal gas in the simplified IGCC processes. In the paper, the
results of cyclic suiphidation/regeneration tests conducted with two zinc
titanate sorbents are presented and discussed.
95103515 Influence of coal oxidation upon char gasification
reactivity
Alvarez, T. et al., Fuel, May 1995,74, (5), 729-735.
The objective of this work was to study the effect of coal air oxidation on
char gasification reactivity.Three bituminous coals with different rank,
from a low volatile bituminous coal lo a high volatile C bituminous coal,
were used. Isothermal runs were carried out in air, using particle sizes
ranging between 48 and 855 urn. The experimental results showed that
char reactivity increases with degree of the coal oxidation. The dependence
of the rate constant on temperature exhibits an activation energy in the
range 105-130 kJ moi-‘. A slight increase in activation energy with coal
oxidation extent was also detected. The changes in char textural develop-
ment as a consequence of coal preoxidation explain the modification of
char reactivity. Good correlations were found between char reactivity, total
surface area (TS) and active surface area (ASA).
95103516 inhibiting effect of coexisting gas on CO, gasifica-
tion of Ca-loaded coal char I
Kyotani, T. er al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1994, 73, (ll), 1005-112.
(In Japanese)
Describes the CO, gasification of Ca-loaded brown coal char in the pres-
ence of H, or CO with a thermal balance. The chemical form of Ca catalyst
was in situ analyzed with a high-temperature X-ray diffraction.
95103517 The international directory of hydrogen energy
Peter Hoffman, The Hydrogen Letterpress, 4104 Jefferson St., Hyattsville,
MD.20781, USA, $45.00 (USA) $52.00 (Overseas), 80 pp.
The directory contains 650 entries, from the Argonne National Laboratory
in Illinois lo ZSW (Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research) in
Germany.
95103516 Iron-catalyzed gasification of coal char under com-
position modulation
Zhang, Z. G. et al., Energy & Fuels, May&m. 1995, 9, (3), 479-483.
Experiments are d’escried which attempt lo exploit the redox or oxygen
transfer mechanism of iron-catalyzed coal gasification by periodically
alternating between an oxidizing and a reducing gas environment A low-
rank, Canadian coal was used and carbon dioxide was the oxidizing gas. A
15% increase in yield of CO based on CO, supplied compared to the
steady-state operation of the gasifier was observed at 800°C for a coal
loaded with 3 wt% Fe using a cycle period of 60 s. The advantage for the
modulation operation decreased with increasing temperature and became
negligible at 900°C.
95103519 Kinetic studies on high temperature desulfurization
of synthesis gas with zinc ferrite
Karlegaerd, A. and Bjerle, 1. Chem. Eng. Technol., 1994, 17, (l), 21-29.
Describes the study of desulphuriztion of synthesis gas with zinc ferrite in
a laboratory-scale fiked-bed reactor. Desulphurization efficiency of 97-
99% was obtained. The inlet hydrogen sulphide concentration was about
2600 ppm.
95103520 Method of quenching synthesis gas
Clomburg, L. A. er al., (Assigned to) Shell Oil Co., PCT. Int.
W0.94,26,850, Nov. 1994.
The process is used for quenching a first synthesis gas mixture containing
synthesis gas, molten fly ash, water, and carbon dioxide and producing
additional synthesis gas.
95103521 Modeling the underground storage facility at
Germigny-sous-Coulombs
Khodri, D. and De Moegen, H. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, Apr. 1995, 119, (4),
195-198. (In French)
Germigny-sous-Coulombs is an aquifer storage facility that is in the pro-
cess of development. Its current volume is 2.2 billion cubic meters and it is
planned lo increase its working gas capacity. For this purpose simulation
work was necessary. The article reprints the main points of the related
thesis written by D. Khodri in 1994 who was awarded the gas engineering
‘Mastere’ degree with distinction for his work.
95103522 Optlmiration of regimes of intrac cle fuel gasifice-
tion as applied to steam-gas energy units oY thermal electric
power plants
Soiyakov, V. K. et a/., Tebloenergetika (Moscow), 1994, (6), 47-51. (In
Russian)
Exergy efficiency coefficients were calculated for a gas generator unit used
for coal gasification in an electric power plant. The calculations were per-
formed on the basis of data on mass and heat balances obtained by using
the E.E. Gudymov et al. mathematical model (1986).
95103523 Prevention of ash deposit in coal gasifier
Tokuda, K. and Ooguri, M. (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd.;
Choryo Eng., JAP. pat. JP.O6,271,873, Sep. 1994.
Describes an injection-bed coal gasifier which includes a combustor with
slag tape on the bottom; a reductor above the combustor, having water-
cooling walls surrounded with a plurality of gas chambers for slugging
prevention, and holes on the fin of the wails for injecting inert gas to the
reductor for blowing away the ashes deposited on the inner wails.
95103524 Reactlvlty of catal sts for coal gasification -
Effects of gases formed on react Yvlty
Nishiyama, Y. and Terada, K. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (6),
793-798. (In Japanese)
Steam gasification/pyrolysis of three different ranks of coal with or without
catalysts was conducted using a vertical quartz tube reactor. For Taiheiyo
coal without added catalyst, carbon conversion per unit wt. of coal
decreased with increasing bed height, indicating the suppressive effect of
the products. With Na catalyst, deactivation was almost negligible. With
Ca, Fe, or Ni catalysts, deactivation was intermediate between the Na-
loaded and non-catalytic cases.
95103525 Thermodynamic calculations of the process of gas-
ification of coal fuels
Warowny, W. Car. Woda Tech. Sanit., 1994, 68, (l), 221-225. (In Polish)
Thermodynamic data were utilized for deriving an algorithm for calcula-
tion of the process of coal gasification using coals of any composition, ail
kinds of gasification medium, temperatures of the industrial region, and
wide range of pressures. A system of nonlinear equations was derived for
calculating the amount of reactants lo be used, the amount of heat neces-
sary, and composition of the gas mixture.
95103526 Underground fixation of carbon dioxide and recov-
ery of methane from coal seams
Katayama, Y. and Shimoyama, T. (Assigned to) Mirsui Mining Co.Ltd.,
JAP. Pat. JP.O6,288,171, OCI. 1994.
The underground fixation of carbon dioxide and recovery of methane from
coal seams is carried out by pressurizing CO,-containing gases or liquids
into underground coal seams via injection holes to replace adsorbed meth-
ane for recovery, and adsorption of CO, in seams.
04 BY-PRODUCTSRELATEDTO
FUELS
95103527 About using fly ash as raw material for cellular-
expanded concrete
Dragoi, I. and Todinca, A. S. Mafer. Constr. (Bucharest), 1994, 24, (2),
95-97.
The paper investigates the grain size fractions, chemical composition, crys-
talline phase composition and hydraulic activity of fly ash from a thermo-
electric power station. Examines the use of the fly ash in cellular-expanded
concrete.
95103526 The anticorrosive effect of fly ash, slag and a Greek
pozrolan in reinforced concreta
Kouloumbi, N. er al., Cem. Concr. Conipos., 1994, 16, (4), 253-160.
Describes the influence of the addition of 15% and 30% fly ash, 15% and
30% of a Greek natural pozzolan and 50% granulated blast-furnace slag lo
ordinary portland cement on the corrosion resistance of the reinforcing bars
in a programme of long-term exposure to seawater.
95103529 A binder used in coal briquets for gasification in
ammonia synthesis process
Luo, H. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingsku, CN.1,081,462,
Feb. 1994.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1995 257