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UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

LAB REPORT
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR SYSTEM (ESP) & CYCLONE SEPARATOR

SUBJECT CODE : JOB20303

SUBJECT TILE : POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

NAME:  MOHAMAMAD FAKHRUL AIMAN BIN RIDUAN

(57216220066)
 AMMAR FAIQ BIN AMIRUL ANWAR
(57216220024)
 AHMAD MUSTAQIM BIN RUSLI
(57216220031)
 AHMAD BURHANUDDIN BIN AZMI
(57216220100)
 AHMED AI’MAN BIN ADBULLAH
(57216220100)
 MUHAMMAD ANAS AIMAN BIN AZHARI
(57216220048)
DEPARTMENT: BPOS
LECTURE NAME: DR. MUHAMMAD REMANUL ISLAM
TABLE OF CONTENT

NO CONTENT PAGE
1.0 ABSTRACT 1
2.0 INTRODUCTION 2
3.0 OBJECTIVE 2
4.0 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS 2
5.0 PROCEDURE 3
6.0 FINDING / RESULT 10
6.1 SKETCH OF CYCLONE SEPARATOR 11
7.0 DISCUSSION 12
8.0 RECOMMENDATION / CONCLUSION 14
9.0 REFERENCE 15
10.0 APPENDIX 16
1.0 ABSTRACT

In industry, there are a lot of works that need to be separate to get the final product. This
separating work usually start from the beginning. This separating process not only in small
industries but also be using in oil and gas industry too. This is because in oil and gas industry there
need separate gas from water and sand. There are two main design of cyclone separator which is
gas cyclone and hydro cyclone. Gas cyclone are used to remove entrained particles from a gas
stream and hydro cyclone are used to separate fluids from different densities. Basically, in gas
industry there will be using the reverse flow cyclone to separate the dust or other unwanted thing
by using the high velocity of pressure. This process is very useful in the industry seen in make
separate things fast. However, there are an advantages and disadvantages in this cyclone separator
process. Firstly, the advantages of cyclone separator are beneficial because there are not expansive
to install and to maintain and there is no moving part. This keep the maintenance and operating
cost low. Second, the removed particulate matter is collected when dry, which makes it easier to
dispose of. Lastly, these units take up very little space. The disadvantages in using the cyclone
separator is mainly because of the standard models are not able to collect particulate matter that is
smaller than 10 micrometers effectively and the machines are unable to handle sticky or tacky
materials so well. As the conclusion, cyclone separator can be used to separate gas or liquid greatly.
In order to save time to produce a lot of product this process can help not only in save time but
also the cost production.

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2.0 INTRODUCTION

Cyclone separators are gas cleaning tools that use centrifugal force produced by a rotating
gas stream to isolate the particulate matter such as solid and liquid from the carries gas. The
separator device may be a single wide chamber, According to Spitzer (1982) “cyclone separator is
a system that allows for separating of pollutants from a fairly high speed gas stream”. Units in
parallel have improved volumetric power while units in sequence give increased efficiency in
removal. The kaolin flew and travels down the cylindrical body in spiral direction of the cyclone.
The centrifugal are forced and create the vortex to push the particles radially into the ground, the
particles that touch the ground fall through the cone and contained to the dust hopper jar. The clean
gas creates a smaller spiral route and emerges out of the tip of a cyclone. The heavier particle is
fall into the container of a dust hopper jar, while the lighter particle flew with the carrier medium
air into the vortex finder at the discharge of the cyclone.

2.0 OBJECTTIVE

To study the ESP and cyclone system collection efficiency.

3.0 APPARATUS AND MATERIAL

There’s a few lists of material and apparatus need to be used for this laboratory experiment.

1. Apparatus
The apparatus used for this experiment is the Electrostatic Precipitator System (ESP) &
Cyclone Separator and another additional apparatus.
a) Glass cylinder
b) Measuring scale for measure beaker
c) Glass beaker

2. Material
a) Kaolin (Al2H4O9Si2)
b) Laboratory air compressor

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4.0 PROCEDURE

1. Prepare the experiment with a small cyclone, operation with cyclone 1.

Figure 1 show the cyclone separator device.

2. Weight is separated from empty feed container, F1 and dust hopper, H1. The weight of empty
feed container, F1 is 454g and weight of dust hopper, H1 is 604g.

Figure 2 show the measuring process of dust hopper, H1.

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 Figure 3 show the measuring process of feed container, F1.

3. Sample weight at 50g and pour slowly into the feed container, F1.

Figure 4 show the process of refilling kaolin into the feed container.

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4. Connect the air compressor with the supplied tube to the feed container and ensure that the V7
valve is closed initially.

Figure 5 show connecting supply tube to a feed container.

Figure 6 show connecting process of air compressor using supply tube.

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5. Attach the feed container, F1 to the holder and leave approximately 0.5-1.0 cm of gap between
the feed container, F1 so that the feed container outlet is just outside the cyclone inlet pipe.

Figure 7 show assemble of feed container, F1.

6. Clean the outlet dust filter.

7. Make sure that all elements and connections are properly assembled and tightened before
commencing the experiment.

8. Open valve V4

Figure 8 show V4 are opened.

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9. Turn on the main switch and turn on the air blower.

Figure 9 show the air blower are open.

10. Adjust the air flow rate of the venturi differential pressure gauge, Manometer (Venturi)
shows approximately 570 Pa (61.183mmH2O).

11. Turn the air compressor on and adjust the pressure regulator to 1 bar.

Figure 10 show adjust the pressure regulator.

12. Open the valve, V7 slowly until you notice boiling phenomena.

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13. Run the experiment until the powder is fully finished. Tap the feeder lightly, when the
powder is stuck.

Figure 11 show the process are finish.

14. After the experiment is complete, turn off the compressor and the air blower.

Figure 12 show the air blower been turn off.

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15. Gently clean the dust sample left inside the cyclone into the dust hopper (if any) using
compressed air (carefully done to avoid losses).

16. Unattached container for the feed, F1 and hopper for the dust, H1 and weighed separately.

Figure 13 show the dust hopper disable.

17. Determine the efficiency of cyclone collection by key in the loaded and collected sample
weight.

18. Repeat Big Cyclone, Cyclone 2, Feed Container, F2 and H2 Dust Hopper experiments.

19. Valves V1, V3, V4 and V5 are fully closed for use with the big cyclone.

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5.0 FINDING / RESULT

At the end of the experiment, the cyclone separator is used for separating pollution particle.
The cleaner air that is blown out of the ESP via the air outlet. Besides, we also able to collect all
the dust that was occupied in the air when they got trapped in the dust hopper. Some of the dust
also present in the tube that connects to the cyclone separator part. The tube and the dust hopper’s
weight is then measured to get the mass of the dust trapped inside. From the process, we can
calculate the efficiency of ESP and cyclone separator by using data obtained.

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5.1 SKETCH CYCLONE SEPARATOR

Figure 14 : Example of cyclone separator diagram

VORTEX
FINDER
CYLINDRICAL BODY

GAS

INLET PIPE

CONICAL PART

DUST

Figure 15: Schematic diagram of cyclone separator device

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6.0 DISCUSSION

At the end of the practical session, the result of the experiment as expected with the
hypothesis. This can be seen when the kaolin dust are transferring from the feed container, F1, into
the dust hopper, H1.

From the feed container, F1, it filled with 50g of kaolin dust at the beginning before the
experiment are started. The kaolin dust are used because the density of it is heavier that the air and
it can be a sample to be used in this experiment for exchange of the dust. By using air compressor
with 1400psi from the feed container, F1, the kaolin dust will be transfer into the dust hopper. This
process are called as cyclone separator because it will separate the dust from the gas. During the
experiment the initial weight of sample in feed container is 50g. After the cyclone separate process,
the final weight of sample in feed container is 24.3g. The weight of sample collected in dust
collector is 18g.The main reason of this experiment is to find the efficiency of cyclone separator
to separate the gas from the dust. It need to calculate the result, before and after, and also need to
multiply with 100% of collection efficiency.

At the end of this experiment, the collection efficiency are 70% and it show that the cyclone
separator are efficient enough to separate the dust and gas. This process also can help industry to
operate with low cost. It is also easy to maintain and can help industry to produce a lot of product
at the same time.

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 𝑊𝐻
Collection Efficiency, η = x 100%
(𝑊𝐶𝐼−𝑊𝐶𝐹)

Weight of sample collected in dust container, WH (g), 18g

Initial weight of sample in feed container, WCI (g), 50g

Final weight of sample in feed container, WCF (g), 25.7g

Collection of efficiency, η (%)

WH (g) = (Empty dust container after, 630g) – (Empty dust container before, 612g) 1

= 630g – 612g 2

= 18g 3

WCF (g) = 454g – 428.3g 4

= 25.7g 5

18𝑔
η =
(50𝑔−25.7𝑔)
x 100% 6

η = 74% 7

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7.0 RECOMMENDATION / CONCLUSION

At the end of this experiment, the cyclone separator is a device that are useful for separating
small particles from gas streams. Otherwise, it also very important in industries because the
separation particles from gas are the main process that can produce the fresh air before release
smoke from chimneys and minimize the risk of air pollution.

For the first recommendation, cyclone separation device are effective in producing a fresh
air because the higher speed of the gas streams, the faster to air become clean. Next, is improve
safety such as using personal protective equipment (PPE) before start the process to prevent from
accident when operating the process. From the experiment, the hypothesis of the experiment can
be supported since the result of the experiment shows that the air has become cleaner and the dirt
has been collected. This proof that our hypothesis is correct.

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REFERENCE

Saunders, D. H., Arato, E. G., & Davies, O. M. (2003). U.S. Patent No. 6,531,066.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Wang, B., Xu, D. L., Chu, K. W., & Yu, A. B. (2006). Numerical study of gas–solid flow in a
cyclone separator. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 30(11), 1326-1342.

Su, Y., & Mao, Y. (2006). Experimental study on the gas–solid suspension flow in a square
cyclone separator. Chemical Engineering Journal, 121(1), 51-58.

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8.0 APPENDIX

Figure 16: Cyclone separation device

Figure 17 Figure 18

In figure 17 and 18 show the setup before running the process

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 Figure 19 Figure 20

In figure 19 and 20 shows the cyclone separation is running

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