HysiCAL CHEMISTRY

. Postulates Knetec theay Gyases

very ga8 o made up ef
larqe
Paytecles Called molecules. Au minule
a number
e malecules a
PaYtCular qag are identicad in mass and
ltey differ rom gas to gas ,Du
. The moleculeg
agas are far apart fram eaw
ave ne quqible actual volume CCcuptee L qag mdetules
n Campariaon to total vdume
The
di 8tonce e Beparateon between I qa3
ue
areSo larqe at gag molecule
betweon a farco f cltraction or repulnon
qas molecules aYe
he mole cules nequgble.
uppose are mole iv
defferent to
divectto slk difereril velocites and durung lhuy
mavement ey Cl) de clk each olkeY and Lct Le
kalls of u Containing Vessel
e pressure
Le
exeste byue qa3 aoleees ducto
bombardmert f qa3 mole cdeg on kals
The
lhe mole molecules Vessel
elastic hard 8phere s,
are
upposé to be
þerfecty
o URat Lere i no loss
enerqy
also
Chen us molecules Collede Ldk each
olker añe
LOalls ofe vessel.
7 SunG l molecdes move l dfferent velocties iw
dfferert dire cteome ey PoSS ess ferenlt knetic
enerqies HoLreves le ayverage netic enerqy
p S ncl ecdes a cli rectly Proportemal to l
ab2ote
temperature ue qa8
Deviotion fromJdeal bewavoluY
Co Xecve iat
Bxbertiymentaly
real qa8 co oey la
t has be
cdeal gas eatiow
fv- nR an ifiCeY PYess ure loC and ue
hqk Holreve ICe re ssLre gk rd
Temperature
tempeYature t loc, eal qases Bho maned
oleveatt rm Lcleal bewavtaur
ReaDm fr diA CTT pancy Te devatt'ow veal qa ses r
cdeal qas due to tro faully asgumbttons Kinetc
heoYy dqasesIhese tkD aS8um ttons Ye
T h e . Vdume cCcupled I gas molecules is neqlgible
as Comp aYed to a tota Volume of 9
Thefra
ave tracttn,
or

mole cude negliqible Yepulstev Gmeng qa

Pro
 (3
abeve
Te oloiereved tuo a38umption3 arte true only
aYe ssure is low or u temberature 0 hugh
la ol'gtanc betweerv molecul@o o large
Howevexf p v e s sure arqe or temtperature o low
9as molecules& arte close to each oller and 4unde
Tepe Cen cli tëan3 )uayCe rcepd on o atratn
beticeen molecules is nd neqliga ble and
1 velune Occupie0 by u gasmay ber
maull vollime occupied by Lmolecaleo
may nd be ne gigible

Dercevate'on of Kinetee qas equatC

Let us con8ider n ' mole cudes Y
a qag
enclose a Gubecal
Vessel ainq each i de 4
lenql Cm
Lot ua of each molecile m
mass
=

ConBidey amelecde movinq te I

Velocly ec RS velocl
Vector Can be CeBelve into yee Cembonents G, Gand
T
alonq
uong XY and Z- a xes Tespectvely These cemponents
aYe at ght anqle to eack ce on bavalel to a
Yeo Sides of s Cube
Te kree Com onentS arc rtelated to ue velocat E by
Yelatcon
rCG ---0)
Con&des u moteon of a
molecade oulmg X-azi
Btrikinq ua foCe BGFC
StnCo u ColleSion betwen u melecde and i a
ela8sttc, t ull rcebettnd te lELSome Velecly
cppo8 teSgn
The momentur u molecde befeve Colli on
On e ll
mC
he mom entum ok e mole cude akte S i ) s t x kenq
LCal oppo8cte ol Vecton =m(-G)=-mC
HenCe a Chanqe cn monentum f a geS molecde
0Y One cmpact
mcx~(-mc) 2mC
 ter Stvcicing )
Cm tte face BGFG U
tocayels tekt BGFG etan mdeCule meve ,

to ano
Stri
Cm oicayels
Cmtoaye
Hehce Camolecaleee has Same faCe
2Cmface
Same v eaCk
to tvaverse
Suceess.e Coll8can
d
ovL
StnCa C
tL tme Velocily mole cde along Xaxis
tacen to
traveys e a odi s tan Co ef 21 n
Sec
9
Sec no. of CollSton 1.
9 Secemed no of ColleSeen
F one CollS o 2/ 2
Fer Changemmen
momentem 2m
Coll Som S Change of mmentum- 2mCyX
2
Sne
mC
Le
Gbe has ti0a Ces ensua X-azi8
total Cuang momentu m Pe ecomd ole to
l Cmact mole cules On e tuv opbo& te
faces Gbe along X-axis 2 m
5imilarly a total
Cange thv momen tum beSecoo
ti oppoSete fa Ce8 along Yand2-axe
are
2mL and 2m27 Yespectvely
Thus total Change of momentum of a mole cude
On al Aiz faces u s Cube þeec 2m+2my temG2
=
2m(C+G+) =
2m
ere aYe n molecdeß haveng veloctees GG
LL total Changee momentum due o
e r eConel
mole Cd es 2.m c+ G+--. +G2
2m n

2 mn c
cdhere C Ua meanqhate
velo )
The total Change n momentlum pev Sec due to
mole cuules 2mnc
Accrding t Newtons 2nd Lor l e Changk úv
te Changk
momerntum pe Secon d OT L
momentum u fOr C 2mnc
HenCa torCo
 (4)
1regsere FarCe E G2
Area
2- . mn
mnC
P

oPv nc Kinetc Ga Ea.ot m

=M)
mn
P
mn
- 4 densaly f
ecC: V =
R-M, g

SP 1 Analkex Jom
Kinettc Cas eqot
m