Work Study:

Work study is a systematic examination of the methods of carrying activities so as to improve

effective use of resources & to set up standards of performance for the activities being carried
out.

Time Study: Time study is a work measurement technique for recording time of performing a
certain conditions & for analyzing the data so as to obtain time necessary for an operator to carry
out at a define rate of performance.

Essential Information of Time Study:

 Need to inform the Production Officer

 Input date
 Production finish date
 Supply material or issue
 Production flow of line.

Based on Time Study Line Graph is drawn to check whether line is balance or imbalance.

Line Graph:

Line graph is a plot of points with no of operation along X-axis & time for each operation along
Y-axis. To draw a line graph Basic Pitch Time (BPT), Upper Control Limit (UCL) & Lower
Control Limit (LCL) must be obtained.
BPT= Average Cycle Time/ Total worker
Average Cycle Time=Total Cycle Time/No of Cycle
UCL=120% of BPT
LCL=80% of BPT

Line balancing: Line balancing means the better allocation of necessary task among the
operators which reduce the waiting time & balance the workload among the stations.

Required Information of Line Balancing:

1. How many operators
2. Operations
3. SMV
4. Performance
5. Hours to achieve target
6. Capacity
7. Target
 8. Types of machine

Bottleneck:
A bottleneck is the operation in any line that has the lowest capacity of production. It may be
holding up production operation or a lengthy operation that consume a great deal of time.
Reasons for Bottleneck:

 If the side operator has more work content than other operator
 If the operator is unskilled with respect to the operation
 If there happens quality falls in the operations
 If two or various types of thread are used in the same machine
 If there is any problem in machinery purpose.

Steps to remove Bottlenecks:

 Gathering information regarding the operation

 Complete analysis of the operation
 Select the correct operator or operation
 Improve methods
 Reduce work contain of operation
 Ensure bottleneck is not working of faulty operations.

Layout:

Layout refers to the configuration of departments, worksite & equipments with particular
emphasis on movement of work through the system. In garment section layout means to
distribute or allocate element to individual worker in the line by considering total worker,
expense, total machine, types of machine & the SMV etc.

SMV Calculation:

SMV=Basic Time + Allowance (30% of Basic Time)

Allowance consists of:

 Personal Allowance (5%)

 Technical Allowance (8%)
 Bundle Handling Allowance (9%)
 Recovery Allowance (5%)
 Others Allowance (3%)
Basic Time = (Observed Time X rating)/Standard Rating.

Target: Target is the amount of production which should be produce by an operator or a line
that a management desires.

Target= (No. of worker x w/hr. x 60 x Expected efficiency)/ SMV

Line Efficiency: Line efficiency means how effectively the raw materials & workers are utilized
in producing finished garments. It can be calculated as:

Line efficiency= (Earn hr x 100)/Available hr

Earn hr= (Total production x SMV)/60

Available hr= Total worker x Working hr

After introducing with time & motion study we have performed time study practically. Time
study is performed in two floors MKL-2 (Line B) & FFL-2 (Line A). Time study data &
obtained line graph is given below:
 H
Date Buye O 1 1
9-Feb H&M Style 895710 P
: r: P: 5 7
: :
Unit Team Item
MKL-02 B TOMMY TEE
: : :
Da
Tanveer
SM Prdn Stud Grap ys
11.23 210 Pcs Hossain 1st 2
V: / Hr : y h: Ru
Bhuiyan
By : n:
Pr
U
CA Cap od
Operat Oper S SMV
OP Mach SL P. acit uc Perfo
Operation Attachment ors ators E Tgt /
# ine # TI y/ / rm %
Name ID. # O Hr
ME Hr. Hr
P
.
Rahm Re.M
1 977 1 1 0.60 231 100  
Front & Back part match HP Hand an e
Re.M
1 Lipi 498 1 2 0.57 231 105  
Front & Back part match HP Hand e
OL(3 Pressure Mahm
2 188 1 3 0.44 222 136   61%
Both shoulder join ) feet oda
sahana
3 309 1 4 0.43 240 140   58%
Thread cut after both shoulder join HP Cutter j

4 OL(3 pressure Nayon 421 1 5 0.48 250 125   50%

Neck rib joining with neck ) feet
Piping scessoring after neck rib Anwar
5 319 1 6 0.33 261 182   70%
joining with neck HP Scessores a
Noor
Re.M
6 Neck rib piping cut according to Hossai 968 1 7 0.52 240 115  
e
measurement HP Scessores n
7 Razia 874 1 8 0.53 133 113   85%
Stitch remove from extra neck rib HP Cutter
Boolb Re.M
8 513 1 9 0.42 300 143  
Neck rib mouth close LS Plain feet oli e
OL(3 Pressure Nasim Re.M
9 779 1 10 300 128  
Neck rib close overlock ) feet a 0.47 e
Thread cut after neck rib closing Rokey
10 575 1 11 0.47 200 128   64%
overlock HP Scessores a
Re.M
11 Tape attached shoulder to shoulder Sumi 904 1 12 0.39 150 154  
FOA   E
Abdur Re.M
12 948 1 13 0.48 273 125  
Tape scessoring after tape attached HP Scessores Rahim e

13 984 1 14 0.99 120 61   51%

Main level attach at patch LSA Plain feet Sabina
Rashe
13 880 1 15 120 65   54%
Main level attach at patch LSA Plain feet da 0.92
Sumo
14 832 1 16 1.17 80 51   64%
Patch level ironing HP Heat n

14 Rafiul 231 1 17 1.03 80 58   73%

Patch level ironing HP Heat
15 Reba 433 1 18 0.44 150 136   91%
Back part mark for patch level attach HP Chalk
16 442 1 19 1.30 80 46   58%
Patch lbl att at bk part insert size lbl LS Plain feet Jesmin
Anju-
16 499 1 20 80 44   55%
Patch lbl att at bk part insert size lbl LS Plain feet ara 1.37
Hamid
16 178 1 21 1.43 80 42   52%
Patch lbl att at bk part insert size lbl LS Plain feet a
 Moriu
17 940 1 22 200 171   86%
Thread cut after patch lbl attached HP Cutter m 0.35
OL(3 Heming Nabab
18 New 1 23 0.56 158 107   68%
Sleeve blind hem ) feed Ali
Rashid Re.M
19 880 1 24 0.61 200 98  
Thread cut after sleeve blind hem HP Cutter a e

19 Rina 944 1 25 0.55 200 109   55%

Thread cut after sleeve blind hem HP Cutter
Motal
20 949 1 26 0.44 171 136   80%
Both shoulder end point cut HP Scessores eb
Morjin
21 481 1 27 0.46 188 130   69%
Sleeve & body match HP Hand a
OL(4 Pressure Roksa
22 441 1 28 0.81 100 74   74%
Sleeve joining ) feet na
Beaut Re.M
23 946 1 29 0.82 188 73  
Thread cut after sleeve joining HP Cutter y e
Beaut
24 827 1 30 0.33 250 182   73%
Care & size level tuck LS Plain feet y
OL(4 Pressure Sakhin
25 109 1 31 0.92 86 65   76%
Side seam insert care & size lbl ) feet a

25 OL(4 Pressure Setu 291 1 32 0.96 86 63   73%

Side seam insert care & size lbl ) feet

Fig: Line Graph of Time Study

Da O #R H #R
Buy
te 11-Feb H&M Style 855550 P EF P EF
er :
: : : ! : !
Un Tea Item
FFL-2 A Sports tee
it : m: :
Da
S Prd
Stud Grap ys
M 13.87 n/ 127 Pcs Shubhra Paul 1st 9
y h: Ru
V: Hr :
By : n:
Pr
CA od
Operato Oper US SMV Capaci Perf
OP Mac Attach SL P. uc
Operation rs ators E Tgt / ty / orm
# hine ment # TI /
Name ID. # OP Hr Hr. %
ME Hr
.
90
1 Minoti 1989 1 1 0.29 231 207  
Front & Back part match HP Table %
OL 77
2 Alpona 2022 1 2 0.35 222 171  
Shoulder join both side 4 Pr Feed %
77
3 Chaina 1931 1 3 0.31 250 194  
Thread cut & body size HP Cutter %
Re.
4 Ruma 2084 1 4 0.65 250 92  
Nk rib mark for V make HP Pencil Me
Momin 81
5 134 1 5 0.27 273 222  
V make tack Ls PL Feet a %
89
6 Sokina 193 1 6 0.38 177 158  
V joint make LS PL Feet %
LS 90
7 Selina 612 1 7 0.30 222 200  
V att tack with body A PL Feet %
Thread cut after V tack with 90
8 Azeda 2169 1 8 0.30 222 200  
body HP Cutter %
OL 87
9 NK rib join with body Anwer 611 1 9 0.38 182 158  
4 Pr Feed %
Re.
10 Threasd cit after Nk rib join Sahina 480 1 10 200 207  
HP Cutter 0.29 ME
OL 89
11 Shoulder to shoulder tap att Osman 1987 1 11 0.36 188 167  
4 Pr Feed %
Trimming after piping & mark 100
12 Alea 2053 1 12 0.25 240 240  
for lbl HP Cutter %
Main lbl att at back NK with 80
13 Osman 1987 1 13 0.40 188 150  
piping LS PL Feet %
Shouder To Shoulder piping join FO 83
14 1076 1 14 0.46 158 130  
top stt A   Alim %
Zomira Re.
15 981 1 15 240 333  
Triminig after top stt HP Cutter n 0.18 ME
 LS Re.
16 Rabeya 2018 1 16 0.91 154 66  
Front NK top stich A PL Feet Me
LS Re.
16 Raju 985 1 17 0.82 154 73  
Front NK top stich A PL Feet Me
73
17 Hajera 2194 1 18 0.41 200 146  
Thread cut after front NK stt HP Cutter %
OL Alamgi 69
18 1405 1 19 0.65 133 92  
Pannel join with front part 4 Pr Feed r %
OL 73
18 Rahima 359 1 20 133 97  
Pannel join with front part 4 Pr Feed 0.62 %
68
19 Beauty 2195 1 21 0.40 222 150  
Thread cut after pannel join HP Cutter %
72
20 Moriom 543 1 22 333 240  
Care & Care lbl tack LS PL Feet 0.25 %
Pannel join with back part incert Re.
21 Molida 900 1 23 1.04 158 58  
care & name lbl LS PL Feet Me
Pannel join with back part incert Monoar Re.
21 2024 1 24 1.04 158 58  
care & name lbl LS PL Feet a Me
Re.
22 Nazma 2185 1 25 0.19 222 316  
Thread cut after pannel join HP Cutter ME
D set
Shahad 100
23 Pannel join with back & front top stt 1445 1 26 0.60 100 100  
at %
top stt ILC Feed
D set
100
23 Pannel join with back & front top stt Sohel 1821 1 27 0.60 100 100  
%
top stt ILC Feed
Re.
24 Shapla 1629 1 28 0.20 171 300  
Thread cut after top stt & fold HP Cutter ME
OL 97
25 Sahadat 564 1 29 0.62 100 97  
Slv join with body 4 Pr Feed %
OL 94
25 Anawer 267 1 30 0.64 100 94  
Slv join with body 4 Pr Feed %
Trimming & Slv cut mark for 78
26 Rohima 2167 1 31 0.41 188 146  
join HP Cutter %
OL Rashed 84
27 1258 1 32 0.31 231 194  
Slv seam 4 Pr Feed ul %
Ismot 86
28 774 1 33 188 162  
Slv & body match HP Hand Ara 0.37 %
Slv openning piping end point 72
29 Amina 348 1 34 231 167  
tuck LS PL Feet 0.36 %
Slv opening piping end point 100
30 Rehena 2178 1 35 0.26 231 231  
tuck mark HP Cutter %
Re.
31 Krisna 1932 1 36 0.24 214 250  
Slv opening piping fold HP Hand ME
OL 64
32 1015 1 37 0.78 120 77  
Slv opening piping join 4 Pr Feed Sujan %
OL 64
32 Reza New 1 38 0.78 120 77  
Slv opening piping join 4 Pr Feed %
D set
Re.
33 heming Ukil 2041 1 39 0.22 200 273  
ME
Btm hem ILC feed
Re.
34 Anisa 1190 1 40 0.25 231 240  
Thread cut after btm hemming HP Cutter ME
97
35 Moni 2079 1 41 171 167  
Badge lbl mark HP Pencil 0.36 %
 1/16
70
36 Badge att body front part left LS guidge 156 1 42 0.69 125 87  
%
side A feed Nilofa
1/16
71
36 Badge att body front part left LS guidge Halima 370 1 43 0.68 125 88  
%
side A feed
Mursid 94
37 2235 1 44 0.32 200 188  
Thread cut after badge att HP Cutter a %
Zahanar 77
38 233 1 45 0.39 200 154  
Sticker remove & body turn over HP Hand a %

Fig: Line Graph of Time Study