Assignment 2.

2 | Planning Project I | AP6171 | 2020- ‘21

Design of Housing and related Infrastructure -

Siliguri, West Bengal

SUBMITTED BY: PROJECT GUIDE:

Konda Shashank Prof. Swati Saha

(2020APM009) Dr. Soumen Mitra

Mrs. Sarbani Sarkar

(Dept. of Architecture, Town & Regional planning)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my project guides “prof. Swati Saha,
Dr. Soumen Mitra & Mrs. Sarbani Sarkar” Dept. of (Architecture, Town & Regional planning) for
their able guidance and support in completing their able guidance and support in completing my
assignment, and I would also like to express my gratitude to my classmates for support and
responses for my query and the always helped me whenever I need it.

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CONTENT

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Regional Setting 5

1.2 Location and connectivity: 5

1.3 Climatic profile 6

1.4 Administrative Boundaries: 6

1.5 Demographic profile: 7

1.6 Economic profile: 7

1.7 Housing scenario in the city: 8

2 CHAPTER 2: DETAILED ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED SITE

2.1 Macro level analysis: 9

2.2 Micro level analysis: 10

3 CHAPTER 3: ASSUMPTIONS AND DETAILED CALCULATION

BASED ON STANDARDS

3.1 Area Statement: 12

3.2 Population Breakup: 14

14
3.3 Water Requirement:

3.4 Sewage Requirement: 16

16
3.5 Rain Water Harvesting:

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3.6 Solid Waste Management: 17

3.7 Power Supply : 17

4 CHAPTER 4: LAYOUT DESIGN

4.1Unit Design : 18

4.2 Zoning of Layout 19

4.3 Layout Infrastructure 20

5 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 22

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Regional Setting:

Siliguri, the gateway to North-East India is not only of vital importance to the state of West Bengal but to
India as a whole. The city is popularly known as the gateway or the chicken neck of north-east India as
its corridor establishes a connection between the rest of India and the north-eastern states. The city is
spread over two districts in West Bengal, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri. It is the headquarters of the plains
sub-division of Darjeeling District of West Bengal and is situated 392 feet above MSL in the foothills of
the Himalayas on the banks of the river Mahananda.

Fig1: Regional map of siliguri

Siliguri is located proximity of three international borders (Bangladesh, China, and Nepal). It also links
hill stations such as Gangtok, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Kurseong and Mirik and the northeast states with
the rest of India. Moreover, as a gateway to the wonderful sights of the Himalayan peaks and ranges in
Darjeeling, and it also offers important tourist activities that stimulate its economy.

1.2 Location and connectivity:

The city lies on Asian Highway 2 and can be reached overnight by both road and train from the state
capital Kolkata. It is connected to Kolkata by NH-31 and to the other cities of West Bengal, Assam and
Bihar state by road. From Siliguri, the villages and towns in the Himalayas can be reached by road using
private vehicles like jeeps and SUVs. It is also rail-linked and has three railway stations namely, Siliguri
town, Siliguri Junction and New Jalpaiguri. The Bagdogra International Airport (BIA) situated about 15
km away is the only airport in the region.

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1.3 Climatic profile:

Siliguri has humid subtropical climate that is characterised by hot, humid summers and generally mild
winters. As the city lies in the shadows of the Himalayas, it is cooler than the central and southern
regions of West Bengal. The average temperature in summer rarely exceeds 35°C. Winters in Siliguri,
stretching from December to February, are relatively cool with temperatures ranging between 3°C and
15°C. From mid-December to early January, the temperature drops down to 8-10º C. Another feature of
the winter of Siliguri is dense fog with light rain and hence climate of Siliguri favours tea and timber, and
induces tourists.

Fig 2: Annual rainfall graph in siliguri

The monsoon season in Siliguri starts from mid-June and extends to September with large variations in
rainfall. Due to its location at the foothills of the Himalayas, Siliguri’s annual rainfall is higher than the
West Bengal average. The rains are heaviest in July and August; intense rainfall up to 200 mm per day
has been recorded in these periods in the past.

1.4 Administrative Boundaries:

The Siliguri Municipality was established in 1949. Till 1994, Siliguri Municipality had 30 wards under it.
After the declaration of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) in 1994, 17 new wards were added to
its jurisdiction taking its total area to 41.9 sq. km. The city is situated in the Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning
Area (SJPA) and the responsibility for planning and development of the city lies with the SJPA. The land
area under the jurisdiction of the SJPA is 1,266.64 sq. km.

1.5 Demographic profile:

According to Census 2011, the city had a population of 5.13 lakhs. Out of 47 wards, 14 wards fall in the
Jalpaiguri district and the remaining 33 wards in the Darjeeling district. The population density of the
city is 11,274 persons per sq.km. The literacy rate of the Siliguri urban area stands at 79% and sex ratio
at 946. As per population growth trends and future economic growth projections, Siliguri’s population
would increase from 5.1 lakh in 2011 to 9.12 lakhs by 2031 and 11.31 lakh by 2041.

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Fig3: population growth rate in siliguri

Population density has grown from 6,331 persons per sq. km in 1971 to 14,088 persons per sq. km in
1991. In the subsequent decade, population density has decreased to 11,274 persons per sq.km. This
was due to expansion of SMC’s limits to 41.9 sq. km and further the city’s elevation to the level of a
corporation. As per URDPFI guidelines, medium size cities densities may vary between 100 and 150
persons per hectare. As per census 2011, Siliguri city having around 106 persons/ha, which shows the
scope for further densification in the city

1.6 Economic profile:

Siliguri is the commercial hub for the entire North Bengal, North-Eastern States and some parts of Bihar.
The market of Siliguri caters to a large hinterland of Dooars, Darjeeling, the entire state of Sikkim, parts
of the Kingdom of Bhutan as well as parts of North-East India. Trading has become one of the traditional
mainstays of business in Siliguri. These trade and commerce play a major role in the local economy of
city. A considerable number of small-scale and cottage industries are spread over the municipal area.
Apart from trading, the three T’s that is, Tea, Tourism and Timber have accounted for major economic
produce.

In 2011, Siliguri witnessed an economic boom in the organized retail, hospitality and real estate
industries due to population growth and its strategic geographical locations. As a central hub, many
national companies and organizations have set up their offices here.

The tourism industry of Siliguri is also flourishing day by day. As part of the tourism infrastructure, a
large number of hotels are being established to cope with the demand of tourists. Tourists are attracted
by the great variety of flora and fauna of Siliguri, its beautiful landscapes, and the magnificent
Himalayan range – Siliguri is fast becoming a preferred destination for domestic and international
tourists.

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1.7 Housing scenario in the city:

The city is characterized by medium-rise and high-density housing in the core city and low-rise
moderate-density housing in the peripheral areas. The last decade has witnessed the development of
multi-rise residential and commercial structures along the Sevoke Road and organised layouts in the
northern and western parts of the city.

As per Census 2011, the city had 1.69 lakh census houses. Residential houses account for 66% of the
total houses in the city, followed by shops/offices with 19%. Factories/workshops/work sheds account
for 1% of the total houses, and remaining use accounts for 14% of the total houses.

Fig 4: Housing demand in siliguri

As indicated in the graph above, the total housing demand has been estimated as 1.26 lakhs for 2021,
1.65 lakhs for 203, and 2.10 lakhs for 2041. Taking into consideration the existing dilapidated housing,
the net demand or the overall housing gap has been assessed as 0.1 lakh for 2021; 0.5 lakh for 2031, and
0.96 lakhs for 2041.

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CHAPTER 2: DETAILED ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED SITE

2.1 Macro level analysis:
With the fast growing urbanization in the region, demand for affordable housing rapidly increased
particularly for economically underprivileged families. To meet this need Shiliguri Jalpaiguri
Development Authority (SJDA) has taken up a series of projects of self sustained housing complex for
population of mix from LMIG, LIG and EWS categories on plots proximity the city. Such a land of about 6
acres near the bank of river Mahananda has been selected for the housing project.

Fig 5: location of layout

The Group Housing layout is located Near 10/12 Battalion, Dabgram, Fulbari, Siliguri, West Bengal -
734015. The project site is well connected through Siliguri-Burdwan Road and the nearest railway
station is New Jalpaiguri Junction about 6.6 km away from the project site in NE. and the nearest airport
is Bagdogra Airport is 18.5 km from the project site in NW direction.

The total area of the city is served by the multi-tiered health management system supported by Central,
State, Corporation and private level assistance. Improvement in health care delivery systems in all the
sections of the citizens of the Siliguri particularly BPL populations in the slum based wards are being
given the most priority. As per the survey conducted under the Draft Development Plan prepared by
SMC, about 78% of the slum population seek health services from the government health facilities.

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2.2 Micro level analysis:

The total plot area is 24168.06 m2 (5.9 Acre) and is well connected with the Burdwan road as shown in
the below figure and also layout is surrounded by the low rise Residential Buildings.

Fig 6 : Layout Plan

As the layout is designed for population mix of LMIG,LIG,EWS categories. A total density of 65 DU per
acre is to be achieved through the design of the layout. According to WB BYE-LAWS a minimum size of
DU for EWS Unit shall not be less than 30 sq. m and for LIG and LMIG group is around 60 sq.m.
The proposed housing layout is located in Fulbari region of Siliguri and this region is known as the
commercial Hub for higher residential groups. According to CDP of Siliguri the Falburi area is one of
densely populated region in the city. Since the site being only 1 km away from the Mahananda river, the
region has higher tendency for GWT and has Natural Drainage towards the River catchment.

Fig 7 : Flowchart showing the water supply in the city

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The Water supply in SMC was first introduced in the year 1968, with the setting up of infiltration well on
the bank of river Mahananda and tube-wells in Ashrampara and Babupara as water source and street
taps were the outlet at consumer level The existing intake well is located at Fulbari, 9 km away from the
city on canal water from Teesta Barriage. The existing capacity of the intake well is 70 MLD. Due to
unavailability of metering system the capacity utilization for the intake-well cannot be established. Raw
water transmission loss is estimated at 1%.

Fig 8 : Flow chart shoeing SWM services

Solid Waste Management is overseen by the Conservancy Department of SMC. Households and
commercial establishments are charged a monthly fee for door to door collection and this fee is utilized
for primary collection, street cleaning, transportation and dumping at the disposal ground.

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CHAPTER 3: ASSUMPTIONS AND DETAILED CALCULATION BASED ON STANDARDS

3.1 Area Statement:

The total area of the project is 24168.06 m2 (5.97 acre). The detailed Area Statement
considering the Standards from URDPFI and WB BYELAWS is provided below
in Table 1 to 3.

Table 1: Detailed Area Statement

Particulars Area (m2
)
Total Plot Area 24168.06
Permissible Ground Coverage (50% of net planned area) 12084.03
A) Permissible FAR (2.75 of net planned area) 66462.16
B) 5 % Green Building FAR on basic 2.75 FAR 3323.10
Total permissible FAR (A+B) 69785.26
Area reserved for Residential buildings and Commercial 7706.44
complex
I ) Parking required
Total required parking= perm FAR/130 =185.90 say 186 ECS
A) Open parking area @ 23sqm/ECS (16 ECS) 368
B) Basement parking Area @ 32sqm/ECS (170 ECS) 5440
Total parking area required 5476
II) Parking provided
A) Open parking area 362.4
B) Basement parking Area 5384.9
Total parking area provided 5746.4
Green Area Detail
Open area = plot area – ground coverage 12084
I ) Green Area required @ 50% of open area 6042
II ) Green Area provided 4956.7
Total open area provided excluding roads 10709.8
Roads
I ) Area limitation for road @ 30% of plot area 7250.418
II ) Area provided for roads 5857.23

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Area provided for power substation 67.2

Maximum Height of the Building 15.24 m
Maximum Height of the Building 3.048 m
Total no. of floors in a building G+4
Side and Rear setbacks of the building 5m
Width of the corridor within the building 1.5 m
Width of entry roads 8m
Width of access roads 5m
Walkway/ footpath width 1.8 m

Table 2: FAR Details

TYPE NO.S Total Total Size of FAR

floors DU / floor DU (m2 ) (including corridors)
EWS 3 5 8 30 4845
LIG 9 4 4 60 10515.6
LMIG 4 4 8 75 11024
STAFF 1 3 203.24 609.72
QUARTERS
COMMERCIAL 1 4 787.8 3151.2
COMPLEX
SECURITY 1 1 44.9 44.9
ROOM
TOTAL 19 30189.82

Table 3: Built-up area break-up

Particulars Area (m2)

Proposed FAR 30189.82
Basement Area 5384.9
Total Built Up Area 35573.82

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3.2 Population breakup

The total population for the project is expected to be 2196 persons. The detailed
population breakup is given below in the following Table 4.

Table 4: Population Break up

Unit Type DU Nos. PPU Total

Population

EWS units 120 5 600

LIG units 144 5 720

LMIG units 128 5 640

Visitors 10 % of residential population 196

Staff 40

Grand Total 2196

3.3 WATER REQUIREMENT:

During the operation phase, the source of water supply will be SMC. The total water
requirement is approx. 298 KLD, out of which domestic water is 22 KLD. Fresh water
requirement is approx. 276 KLD. The detailed calculation of water requirement is given
below in Table 5 and waste water in Table 6:

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Table 5: Calculation for Daily Water Demand

Total Water
Total Rate of water
Description Requirement
Occupancy demand ( LPCD )
(KLD)
Domestic Water
I) LIG units 600
135 81
II) EWS units 720 135 97.2
III) LMIG units 640 135 86.4
IV) Commercial 200 (say) 15 3
complex
V) Staff 40 135 5.4
Quarters
VI) Visitors 196 15 2.94
275.94 say 276 KLD
Total Domestic water
(A=I+II+III+IV+V+VI)

Horticulture B 3 lt./sqm/day 22

Grand Total (A+B) = 298 KLD

Table 6: Sullage Calculation

Domestic Water Requirement 298 KLD

● Total Fresh water (66.66% of domestic ) 196.64 KLD

● Flushing (@ 33.33% of domestic) 101.35 KLD

Wastewater Generated 157.31 + 101.35 = 258.66

(@ 80% fresh + 100% flushing) KLD

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3.4 SEWAGE TREATMENT:

Total no. of heads = 2196

Detention time = 48 hours
Waste accumulation = 30 lts / head / year
Water required (head / day) = 135 lts
Removal of solids after every 4 years
Total volume of the septic tank = (2196*135*2) + ( 2196 * 30 *4 )
= 856.44 m3
The height of the Septic tank = 1.2 m

Total area required = 570.96 m2

Size of each Septic tank = 50 m2

Total no of Septic tanks = 570.96/50 = 12

3.5 RAIN WATER HARVESTING:

The peak hourly rainfall of 22.5 mm/hr shall be considered for designing the storm water drainage
system.
Calculations for Strom water load

Roof - top area = ground coverage area

=7388.94 m2
Green Area = 4956.7 m2
Paved Area = Plot area – (Roof-top Area + Green area)
= 24168.06– (12345.64)
= 11822.42 m2

Roof-top Area = 7388.94 × 0.0225 × 0.80

= 133 m3/hr

Green Area = 4956.7 × 0.0225 × 0.10

= 11.15 m3/hr

Paved Area = 11822.42 × 0.0225 × 0.75

= 199.5 m3/hr

Total Runoff Load = 133 +11.15 + 199.5 m3/hr = 343.65 m3/hr

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Taking 20 minutes Retention Time, Total volume of Storm water = 343.65 / 3

= 114.55 m3

A central water body is provided with an area = 927.9 m2

3.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

Following arrangements will be made at the site in accordance to Municipal Solid Waste
(Management and Handling) Rules, 2016

Table 7: Solid Waste Generation

Description Occupancy Waste Generated Waste Generated

(Kg/capita/day) (kg/day)
DUs
EWS units 600 0.5 kg/capita/day 300

LIG units 720 0.5 kg/capita/day 360

LMIG units 640 0.5kg/capita/day 320

Visitors 196 0.15 kg/capita/day 29.25
Staff 40 0.5kg/capita/day 20
Horticultural @ 0.2 kg/acre/day 0.298
Waste
(1.49 acre)
Total Solid Waste Generation =1029.25kg/day

3.7 Power Supply :

The electricity for the layout is drawn directly from the nearest substation for uninterrupted power
supply. A total area of 65 m2 is allotted for the arrangement of 4-33KV Transformers in the layout.
The electricity for street lights are drawn from solar panels during the day and from the substation
during night.

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CHAPTER 4: LAYOUT DESIGN

4.1 UNIT DESIGN:

Considering the standards from West Bengal bye-laws the sizes of Dwelling unit are as follows:
1) EWS - 30 m2
2) LIG - 60 m2
3) LMIG - 75 m2

Fig 9: unit design

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4.2 ZONING OF LAYOUT:

The layout basically have two entrance gates, one connects to the EWS units directly and the other
connects the remaining part of the layout. All the buildings are zoned according to convenience and
level of standards of their respective economical category. The EWS units are placed at south
region of the layout with 2 open parking pockets on either sides of the building. The LIG units on
north region is seems to be a heat island as it all sides are surrounded by roads with a basement
parking for all the LIG buildings. The design of EWS and LIG units have no courtyards inside the
building, though it has a direct gateway to the central park.

.
Fig 10: Zoning of layout

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The LMIG units are placed on the complete west region for more comfort and peace. These
buildings are surrounded by completely by the peripheral roads on all sides. But there are no roads
within the LMIG cluster to discourage the traffic. These clusters have a spatial vista of courtyard
and are surrounded by lush green area all around the cluster. However these group are also
connected to central park.

4.3 LAYOUT INFRASTRUCTURE:

The entry roads are 8m width and the remaining access roads are of 5m and also these roads are
surrounded by walkways and footpaths to encourage the movement of the people inside the layout.
These walkways are of 1.8 m width. The setback distance between the building is maintained so as
to have proper lightning and walkways between the buildings. Usually the setback that is
maintained around 5m.

Fig 11: layout infrastructure

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The central park acts as a major source of oxygen generation as it been proposed with a large no of
plantation. Inside the park a pond in been dug for to major reasons. The first being an natural
ambience and the other one is that is acts a rain water harvesting system for the entire layout site. A
walkway is laid around the periphery of the park connecting the pond. Inside the park a over head
water tank is also built for supply of drinking water for the entire site. The water tank placed at the
left corner of the park whereas it is exactly at the center for the whole site. As a beneficiary factor of
supply and distribution of water with equal pressure head all across the site.
There is a commercial complex at the entrance of the site for ease of marketing and goods for not
only residents within the site but also for the outsiders. The commercial complex also have a
community hall at the top, which means the lower floor is used for markets and the upper floors is
hall. The parking facility for the visitors of the commercial complex is provided at front of the
complex and also at the backside. The site also has a staff quarters for the workers who are working
the different buildings, mostly for LMIG units. The security room is located at the entrance of the
site to safeguard the site and maintain the harmony within the site. The power substation is also
placed at the corner of the entrance so that a strict vigilance is been maintained to avoid danger.
The water supply lanes from the water tank are directed towards the housing units. These lines are
laid on the outer periphery of the roads and are connected to each building from two sides so as to
increase the input water supply to the building. The electricity wires are said on the inner
periphery of the road. These wires are attached to individual housing units from the transformer
placed at the corner. The street lights are placed at distance of 10m from adjacent. The electricity
for the street lights are drawn from both solar panels and transformers.
Finally the sewage pipelines are laid at the center of the road so as for easy maintenance and repair.
The sewage output from the housing units are divided into two parts, one going towards the septic
tank and the other connecting to the delivery Main of the drainage. There are inspection pits at
regular interval for easy maintenance. The manholes are placed at a distance of 10m at the center of
the road.

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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
Housing has become an essential part of each and every person. With a proper housing the
individual owes respect, maintains dignity, earns a certain standard of living in society. The housing
units that are been designed for the layout has all kind of infrastructure facilities which include
water, power, sanitation, solid waste management, proper roads, parking, toilet that is basic and
plays a major role for any individual to sustain their living.
The layout is designed to accommodate a total of 2196 persons with at most provision for all the
basic physical and social infrastructure. The design also include various challenges from cluster
orientation to laying of the pipelines, so as to minimize the negative spaces within the site and for
the utilizing each and every small chunk of land. The zoning of the layout is done in such a way that
their is a maximum utility services available to all categorical clusters.
All the cluster are well connected to the central park which acts a urban lung space for the entire
layout. The green pockets around the buildings bring a lot of fresh and vibrant gesture for residents.
The roads are aligned in such a way to decrease the traffic within the site and also to increase the
usage of non-motorized vehicles.

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REFERENCE

1. Ministry of Urban Development Capacity Building for Urban Development Project City
Development Plan for Siliguri- 2041 Final Report.

2. West Bengal Apartment Ownership Bye-laws, 1974

3. West Bengal Apartment Ownership Bye-laws, 2016

4. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016 VOLUME 1 - BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

5. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016 VOLUME 2 - BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

6. Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation & Implementation Guidelines, 2014
Volume II B April, 2014 Ministry of Urban Development

7. Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation & Implementation Guidelines, 2014
Volume II A April, 2014 Ministry of Urban Development

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