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Nursing REVIEWER 2
Nursing REVIEWER 2
Nursing REVIEWER 2
SIGNS &
DISEASE DEFINITION CAUSES NURSING INTERVENTION
SYMPTOMS
DIABETER MELLITUS also known as juvenile diabetes
or insulin-dependent diabetes
Genetics
exposure to viruses
increased thirst
frquent urination
Medical management:
Insulin therapy
TYPE-1 chronic condition in which the and other bed wetting in children Diet - high in carbohydrates and fiber, and low in fat.
body produces little or no insulin environmental factors who previously didn't wet Activity
due to autoimmune destruction of the bed during the night continuous glucose monitoring
the beta cellls in the pancreas Risk factors: extreme hunger
family history unintended weight loss Pharmacologic management:
genetics irritability or mood Insulin - insulin taken orally to lower blood sugar may
geography - increases changes be broken down by the stomach enzymes
as you travel away fatigue or weakness High blood pressure medications -
from the equator blurred vision angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors or
age - children angiotension II receptor blockers (ARBs) to help keep
between 4 and 7 kidneys healthy; recommended for patients with BP
years old; above 140/90mmHG
children between Aspirin - may be recommended by the physician to
10 to 14 years old take regularly to protect the heart.
Cholesterol-lowering drugs *DUE TO THE RISK OF
HEART DISEASE
LDL below 100mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L)
HDL women: over 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L)
men: over 40 mg/dL (1 mmol/L)
TRIGLYCERIDES less than 150mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
Nursing management
dietary management
physical activity
insulin regimen / oral antidiabetic agents
*care may also be complex as some of the patients
may suffer from other long-term conditions, such as
coronary artery disease
ensure adequate and appropriate nutrition
prevent skin breakdown
prevent skin infection
regulate glucose levels
provide child and family teaching in the management
of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
Rejection in surgery.
type mismatching of the donor
and recipient.
This means the host has
preformed antibodies against the
donated tissue.
Donor T-Cells in the graft diarrhea, rash and Immunosuppressants are usually the treatment of
Graft vs. Host proliferate and attack the jaundice. choice
recipient’s tissue.
This is most commonly seen in
Bone Marrow Transplants,
because the donated tissue has a
large amount of immune cells.
The immune cells from the graft
spread through the body and
cause systemic symptoms that
are not isolated to the
transplanted organ.
GOODPASTURE’S Is a rare condition characterized Inherited component; cough up blood or feel a Corticosteroids and Immunosuppressants.
by glomerulonephritis and Exposure to certain burning sensation when Dialysis
SYNDROME hemorrhaging of the lungs chemicals, including urinating Renal transplant
usually reserved for the hydrocarbon solvents first signs may be vague, The concentration of anti-GBM antibodies in the
autoimmune disease triggered and the weed killer such as fatigue, nausea, blood may be reduced by apheresis to remove blood
when the patient’s immune Paraquat, and viral difficulty breathing, or plasma and replace a portion of the plasma with an
system attacks Goodpasture infections paleness isotonic salt and protein solution. This course of
antigen (a type II hypersensitivity Autoimmune treatment usually lasts between three and six months
reaction), which is found in the Lung disease
kidney and lung, and in time, dry cough and minor
causing damage to these organs breathlessness
lung damage
Kidney disease
loss of appetite and
malaise at first and then,
when the damage is
more advanced,
breathlessness, high
blood pressure and
edema
nephritic syndrome,
Acute renal failure and
hematuria
SCLERODERMA
Calcinosis
Raynaud's syndrome
Pulmonary artery
hypertension which can
There is no cure for this disease as there is no cure
for scleroderma in general. It slowly progresses and
Esophageal dysmotility result in heart failure. should be examined and treated as soon as it has
Sclerodactyly Blood vessel thrombosis been diagnosed with immunosuppressives and other
Telangiectasia and arteriosclerosis has medications
Is a systemic inflammatory also led to the necessity
rheumatic disease and usually of amputation of fingers.
results in more pathologies than Open leg sores can
the five symptoms above result from burst blood
vessels and thin skin,
Mainly affects the hands, arms leading to chronic
LIMITED CUTANEOUS and face, although pulmonary infections.
SCLERODERMA hypertension is frequent
Also known as morphea exhaustion, weakness,
difficulty of breathing,
DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS Also known as systemic sclerosis dizziness and delayed
10
SCLERODERMA Is rapidly progressing and affects
a large area of the skin and one
healing of wounds.