3/29/2021

Eng. Rehab Hamza

T.A at Cairo university, faculty of engineering

Normal stresses
𝑌
• Straining action
1. 𝑁
2. 𝑄
𝑍
3. 𝑄
4. 𝑀
5. 𝑀
6. 𝑀 𝑇

2
1 3
8𝑡

7𝑡 5𝑡

1
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Normal stresses
𝑌
• Straining action
1. 𝑁
2. 𝑄
𝑍
3. 𝑄

2
1 3
8𝑡

7𝑡 5𝑡

Normal stresses
𝑌
• Straining action
1. 𝑁 𝑌

2. 𝑄
𝑍
3. 𝑄
4. 𝑀

2
1 3
8𝑡

7𝑡 5𝑡

2
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Normal stresses
𝑌
• Straining action
1. 𝑁 𝑌

2. 𝑄
𝑍
3. 𝑄
4. 𝑀
5. 𝑀

2
1 3
8𝑡

7𝑡 5𝑡

Normal stresses
𝑌
• Straining action
1. 𝑁
2. 𝑄
𝑍
3. 𝑄
4. 𝑀
5. 𝑀
6. 𝑀 𝑇

2
1 3
8𝑡

7𝑡 5𝑡

3
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Normal stresses
• Normal stress equation
𝑁 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼
𝜎 𝑋 𝑌
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝑌

𝑵, 𝑴𝒙 & 𝑴𝒚 Straining actions

𝑋
𝑨, 𝑰𝒙 , 𝑰𝒚 & 𝑰𝒙𝒚 Properties of section
𝑿&𝒀 Coordinate of any point

• Special case @ Principal axes 𝑰𝒙𝒚 𝟎

𝑁 𝑀 𝑀
𝜎 𝑋 𝑌
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼

Normal stresses
Problem 1
5𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴
1. Determine normal stresses @ point A, B and C 𝑌
2. Draw normal stress distribution
30 𝑐𝑚
3. Determine total force carried by the blank area
𝐵
10 𝑐𝑚
5 𝑐𝑚
𝐶
5 𝑐𝑚 30 𝑐𝑚 5 𝑐𝑚

4
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Normal stresses
Problem 1
1. Determine normal stresses @ point A, B and C 5𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴
𝑌

• Properties of section
30 𝑐𝑚
∑𝐴 𝑦 30 5 25 2 40 10 5
𝑌 13.57 𝑐𝑚
𝐴 30 5 2 40 10 13.57 𝑐𝑚 𝐵
5 ∗ 30 10 𝑐𝑚
𝐼 5 30 11.43 2
12 5 𝑐𝑚
𝐶
5 𝑐𝑚 30 𝑐𝑚 5 𝑐𝑚
40 ∗ 10
40 10 8.57 94404.76 𝑐𝑚
12

30 ∗ 5 10 ∗ 40
𝐼 5 30 17.5 2 145833.3 𝑐𝑚
12 12

𝐼 0

Normal stresses
Problem 1
1. Determine normal stresses @ point A, B and C 5𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴
𝑌

• Straining action 𝐴 700 𝑐𝑚

26.43 𝑐𝑚
𝐼 94404.76 𝑐𝑚 30 𝑐𝑚
𝑁 5𝑡
𝐼 145833.3 𝑐𝑚
𝑀 5 26.43 132.15 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚 𝐼 0 13.57 𝑐𝑚 𝐵
𝑀 5 15 75 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
5 𝑐𝑚
𝐶
𝑁 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼 5 𝑐𝑚 30 𝑐𝑚 5 𝑐𝑚
𝜎 𝑋 𝑌
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼

𝑁 𝑀 𝑀 5 75 132.15
𝜎 𝑋 𝑌 𝜎 𝑋 𝑌
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼 700 145833.3 94404.76

10

5
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Normal stresses
Problem 1
1. Determine normal stresses @ point A, B and C 5𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴
𝑌
• Stress equation
26.43 𝑐𝑚
5 75 132.15 30 𝑐𝑚
𝜎 𝑋 𝑌
700 145833.3 94404.76
13.57 𝑐𝑚 𝐵
𝑷𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑨 𝟐𝟎, 𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟑
10 𝑐𝑚
5 75 132.15
𝜎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟑 0.034 𝑡/𝑐𝑚 𝐶
700 145833.3 94404.76 5 𝑐𝑚 30 𝑐𝑚 5 𝑐𝑚
𝑷𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑩 𝟏𝟓, 𝟑. 𝟓𝟕
5 75 132.15
𝜎 𝟏𝟓 𝟑. 𝟓𝟕 5.6 10 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
700 145833.3 94404.76
𝑷𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑪 𝟐𝟎, 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟕
5 75 132.15
𝜎 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟕 0.022 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
700 145833.3 94404.76

11

Normal stresses
Problem 1
2. Draw normal stress distribution 5𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴
𝑌
• Stress distribution
5 75 132.15 26.43 𝑐𝑚
𝜎 𝑋 𝑌 30 𝑐𝑚
700 145833.3 94404.76

• Neutral axis @ 𝜎 0 13.57 𝑐𝑚 𝐵

10 𝑐𝑚
5 75 132.15
𝑋 𝑌 0 5 𝑐𝑚
700 145833.3 94404.76 𝐶
5 𝑐𝑚 30 𝑐𝑚 5 𝑐𝑚
@𝑋 0 𝑌 5.1 0 , 5.1
@𝑌 0 𝑋 13.89 13.89 , 0

12

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Normal stresses
Problem 1
2. Draw normal stress distribution 5 75 132.15
𝜎 𝑋 𝑌
700 145833.3 94404.76
0 , 5.1
13.89 , 0
20 , 26.43
𝑃1
𝜎 0.054 𝑡/𝑐𝑚

20, 13.57
𝑃2
𝜎 0.022 𝑡/𝑐𝑚

13

Normal stresses
Problem 1
5𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴
3. Determine total force carried by the blank area 𝑌

𝐹 𝜎 𝑑𝐴 30 𝑐𝑚

. 13.57 𝑐𝑚 𝐵
5 75 132.15
𝑋 𝑌 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
. 700 145833.3 94404.76 10 𝑐𝑚
5 𝑐𝑚
8.57
𝐶
20 5 𝑐𝑚 30 𝑐𝑚 5 𝑐𝑚
5 75 𝑋 132.15 𝑌
𝑋𝑌 𝑌 𝑋
700 145833.3 2 94404.76 2 𝑭
𝝈
20 13.57 𝑨

14

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Normal stresses
Problem 1
5𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴
3. Determine total force carried by the blank area 𝑌

20 8.57
5 75 𝑋 132.15 𝑌 30 𝑐𝑚
𝑋𝑌 𝑌 𝑋
700 145833.3 2 94404.76 2
13.57 13.57 𝑐𝑚 𝐵
20
10 𝑐𝑚
5 𝑐𝑚
20 20 8.57 13.57
𝐶
.
5 𝑐𝑚 30 𝑐𝑚 5 𝑐𝑚
.
8.57 13.57
.
. .
20 20

𝐹 1.67𝑡

15

Normal stresses
Problem 2 70 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
1. Draw normal stress distribution 10 𝑐𝑚
20𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝.
• Properties of section
80 ∗ 10 10 ∗ 80
𝐼 80 10 45 2 368 10 𝑐𝑚 80 𝑐𝑚
12 12
10 ∗ 80 80 ∗ 10
𝐼 80 10 35 2 282 10 𝑐𝑚
12 12
10 𝑐𝑚
𝐼 80 10 45 35 80 10 45 35 252 10 𝑐𝑚
80 𝑐𝑚
• Straining action
𝑁 20𝑡
𝑀 20 40 800 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚 𝑁 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼 𝑀 𝐼
𝜎 𝑋 𝑌
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼
𝑀 20 75 1500 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚

16

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Normal stresses
Problem 2 70 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
1. Draw normal stress distribution 10 𝑐𝑚
20𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝.
• Stress equation

20 1500 ∗ 368 ∗ 10 800 ∗ 252 ∗ 10 80 𝑐𝑚

𝜎 2400 282 ∗ 10 ∗ 368 ∗ 10 252 ∗ 10
𝑋

800 ∗ 282 ∗ 10 1500 ∗ 252 ∗ 10

𝑌 10 𝑐𝑚
282 ∗ 10 ∗ 368 ∗ 10 252 ∗ 10 80 𝑐𝑚

𝜎 8.33 ∗ 10 8.7 ∗ 10 𝑋 3.78 ∗ 10 𝑌

17

Normal stresses
Problem 2 70 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
1. Draw normal stress distribution 10 𝑐𝑚
20𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝.
• Neutral axis @ 𝜎 0
80 𝑐𝑚
8.33 ∗ 10 8.7 ∗ 10 𝑋 3.78 ∗ 10 𝑌 0

@𝑋 0 𝑌 22.04 0 , 22.04
10 𝑐𝑚
@𝑌 0 80 𝑐𝑚
𝑋 9.57 9.57 , 0

18

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Normal stresses
Problem 2
1. Draw normal stress distribution

0 , 22.04

9.57 , 0

𝑃1

19

Normal stresses
Problem 2
75 , 40
1. Draw normal stress distribution 𝑃2

0 , 22.04

9.57 , 0

75 , 40
𝑃1

8.33 ∗ 10 8.7 ∗ 10 𝑋 3.78 ∗ 10 𝑌

20

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Normal stresses
Problem 3
2 𝑐𝑚
𝜎 200 50𝑌 100𝑋 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚
1. Draw stress distribution
2. Determine 𝑁, 𝑀 and 𝑀 10 𝑐𝑚
• Centroid
∑𝐴 𝑦 10 2 7 10 2 1
𝑌 4 𝑐𝑚 4 𝑐𝑚
𝐴 10 2 2
2 𝑐𝑚
10 𝑐𝑚

21

Normal stresses
𝑃1
Problem 3 1 ,8
𝜎 200 50𝑌 100𝑋 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚
1. Draw stress distribution
2. Determine 𝑁, 𝑀 and 𝑀
• Neutral axis @ 𝜎 0 5, 4
𝑃2
𝜎 200 50𝑌 100𝑋 0
@𝑋 0 𝑌 4 0, 4
@𝑌 0 𝑋 2 2 ,0

22

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Normal stresses 2 𝑐𝑚

Problem 3
𝜎 200 50𝑌 100𝑋 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚
2. Determine 𝑁, 𝑀 and 𝑀 10 𝑐𝑚

𝑁 𝑀 𝑀
𝜎 𝑌 𝑋
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼 4 𝑐𝑚
• Properties of section 2 𝑐𝑚
10 𝑐𝑚
10 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 10
𝐼 10 2 3 10 2 3 533.33 𝑐𝑚
12 12

10 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 10
𝐼 173.33 𝑐𝑚
12 12 𝑁 𝑀 𝑀
𝜎 𝑌 𝑋
40 533.33 173.33
𝐴 10 2 2 40 𝑐𝑚

23

Normal stresses 2 𝑐𝑚

Problem 3
𝜎 200 50𝑌 100𝑋 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚
2. Determine 𝑁, 𝑀 and 𝑀 10 𝑐𝑚

𝑁 𝑀 𝑀
𝜎 𝑌 𝑋
40 533.33 173.33 4 𝑐𝑚

𝑁 2 𝑐𝑚
200 𝑁 8000 𝑘𝑔 10 𝑐𝑚
40
𝑀
50 𝑀 26666.5 𝑘𝑔. 𝑐𝑚
533.33
𝑀
100 𝑀 17333 𝑘𝑔. 𝑐𝑚
173.33

24

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Normal stresses
• Neutral axis

𝑃 𝑃

𝑆. 𝐴 𝑁, 𝑀 𝑆. 𝐴 𝑁, 𝑀
𝑆. 𝐴 𝑁 𝑃 𝑀 ,𝑀
𝑁 𝑀 𝑁 𝑀 𝑆. 𝐴
𝑁 𝜎 𝑋 𝜎 𝑌
𝜎 𝐴 𝐼 𝐴 𝐼 𝑀 𝑀
𝐴 𝜎 𝑋 𝑌
𝐼 𝐼
𝑁. 𝐴 @ ∞ 𝑁. 𝐴 @ 𝑋 𝑁. 𝐴 @ 𝑌
𝑁. 𝐴 @ 0,0

25

Normal stresses
• Neutral axis

𝑆. 𝐴 𝑁, 𝑀
𝑁 𝑀
𝜎 𝑌
𝐴 𝐼
𝑁. 𝐴 @ 𝑌

26

13