CORRECTIONS AND PRISON PRACTICES (Philippine Penology)

Correction Practices
 Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) of the Department of Justice

Rehabilitative Program
 an individualized community-based 3 pronged approach to crime prevention and treatment of
offender with restorative justice as its philosophical foundation, therapeutic community as the
treatment modality and Volunteers as lead community resources

Restorative Justice Principles and Concepts

 A principle that highlights the need of the offenders to indemnify victims and render community
services to facilitate the healing of the broken relationship caused by offending the concerned
parties
 3 processes:
1. Victim/Offender Mediation - a process that provides an interested victim the opportunity to
meet his offender in a safe and structured setting, engaging in a discussion of the crime with the
assistance of a trained mediator
2. Conferencing - this process brings together the victim, offender, and family, friends and key
supporters of both in deciding how to address the aftermath of the crime.
3. Circle of Support - is a process designed to develop consensus among community members,
victims, victim supporters, offenders, offender supporters, judges, prosecutors, defence counsel,
police and court workers on an appropriate sentencing plan that addresses the concerns of all
interested parties

Therapeutic Community Modality

 is a self-help social learning treatment model used for clients with problems of drug abuse and
other behavioral problems such as alcoholism, stealing, and other anti-social tendencies.
 4 Categories: (1) behavior management, (2) intellectual/spiritual aspect, (3) emotional/social
aspect, and (4) vocational/survival aspect
1. Individual and Group Counseling - focuses on problem resolution
2. Moral, Spiritual, Values Formation - given through seminars, lectures or trainings
3. Work or Job Placement/Referral - an informal program
4. Vocational/Livelihood and Skills Training - seminars and skills training
5. Health, Mental and Medical Services - medical missions are provided to the client and their
family - psychological testing and evaluation as well as psychiatric treatment
6. Literacy and Education - intended for clients who are “no read, no write” to help them
become functionally literate
7. Community Service - services done by clients that are beneficiary to the community
8. Client Self-Help Organization - it is a form of cooperative and client associations to venture on
small-scale projects
9. Payment of Civil Liability - a form of indemnification to victims of offenders
10. Environment and Ecology - given through seminars/lectures about preserving ecological
balance and environmental health
11. Sports and Physical Fitness - aims to enhance the physical well being of clients
Literature on Therapeutic Community Modality

 Religious programs as the oldest, most participated, and most common among the rehabilitative
programs.
 Counseling aids prisoners to gain confidence over their lives outside prison.
 Recreational services were least effective among all other programs.
 Alternative Learning System (ALS) is helpful for inmates who attained elementary level.
 Earn money while in jail through selling of handicrafts from recycled waste materials.
 The Therapeutic Community Modality Program is perceived by the inmates as effective
specifically the work and educational therapy services, livelihood skill training, counseling &
religious services, and medical services.

Volunteer Probation Aides

 a strategy to generate maximum participation of the citizens in the community-based program

of probation and parole
 an agent that will assist the government in the actualization of rehabilitation among the
offenders

Prison Practices

 Shared governance is a practice in Philippine prison setting wherein inmates can mentor other
inmates and co -manage their dorms
 This leadership structure alleviates the pain of imprisonment (Sykes, 1958), helps with
adjustments, and provides inmates with mechanisms to preserve self - identity (Goffman, 1961),
which normalizes their conditions and better equips them to reintegrate to the outside upon
release. • Results to lower levels of violence and recidivism
 Bosyo (or prison gang leaders or mayors) help to maintain internal control and safeguard
inmates as best they can. • The mayors help provide order, are in charge of maintaining
cleanliness in the buildings, and are responsible for social, religious and recreational programs •
 The kubols function as sleeping quarters, offices and/or headquarters
 The tiradors is a protection group within the gang structure that consists of armed enforcers or
warriors