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Effect of Integrated Management Practices On Yield and Time of Harvest in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.
Effect of Integrated Management Practices On Yield and Time of Harvest in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of integrated management practices on yield and harvesting span of
tomato. The experiment consisted of five cultural treatments and four varieties, planted in a split plot design. Number of primary
branches, fruit trusses, fruits, fruit weight, marketable yield and incidence of fruit borer were the highest in November transplanted
crop, allowed to grow as such, and were lowest in March transplanting. Topping in both November and February transplantings
reduced fruit yield, characters contributing to yield and incidence of fruit borer. Hybrid TH2312 out performed other varieties for most
of the characters. Harvesting span of November transplanted-topped crop was the longest and that of March transplanting the shortest.
The effect of topping in delaying the harvesting span was more conspicuous in November transplanted crop compared with February
transplanting. This effect also varied with the varieties/dates of transplanting, being well marked in TH2312 and CR-2-P8-5-1 in
November transplanting and only in Nagcarlan in February transplanting. The incidence of blotchy ripening and sunscalding was
highest in March transplanting and the lowest in November transplanting, whereas the reverse was true in case of incidence of fruit
borer. Topping increased incidence of blotchy ripening, sun-scalding and decreased the incidence of fruit borer infestation in both
November and February transplanting.
Key words: Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., topping, transplanting time, hot-set, yield, varieties, fruit borer, sun-scald, prunning
Jantar (Sesbania aculeata) was grown in the field (July-August) characters except for total soluble solids. Among the sub-plot
and buried in the soil with furrow turning plough on 4th September treatments i.e. varieties, mean squares were also significant for
and irrigated. Disk-harrow was run twice before making the beds. all characters except for number of primary branches and total
Beds were made with a tractor driven bed maker with attachment soluble solids. The mean squares for interaction were significant
for fertilizer application. 20 kg N (45 kg urea) alongwith 25 kg for number of fruits plant-1 and marketable yield plant-1. The
P2O5 (155 kg Superphosphate) and 25 kg K2O (45 kg Muriate of mean values for different characters (Table 1) revealed that the
Potash) per acre was added in the soil. The remaining 35 kg N maximum number of primary branches, number of fruit trusses
(75 kg urea) was supplied after the appearance of first flowers and fruit weight were observed in treatment T1 (7.75, 25.00 and
truss. For weed control, Stomp 30 EC (Pendimethalin 30% EC) 32.80) significantly more than those of the other treatments. Thus,
litre/acre was applied 3-4 days before transplanting. Seedlings time of planting plays an important role in influencing the vegetative
were transplanted at the 4-5 true leaf stage in single rows on and reproductive growth of tomato. Early planting might have given
beds spaced 1.35 m apart and with an -in-row spacing between higher number of primary branches than late planting because
plants of 45 cm. There were ten plants in each plot in rows. temperature prevailing at the time of planting was quite congenial
Seedling from the 17 Oct. sowing were transplanted on 28 Nov., for growth of plants, and sufficient time was available allowing
those from the 11 Dec. sowing on 22 Feb., and those from the 31 for maximum expression of the genotypic potential for
Jan. sowing on 19 March. The plants from seed sown on 17 establishment and growth of underground and aerial plant parts.
Oct. were protected from frost in the field by covering with In case of later plantings i.e. February and March, the crop is
polythene sheets until the middle of February. The plants from subjected to higher temperature in field immediately after
seeds sown on 11 Dec. were protected from frost with low tunnels transplanting and reproductive phase sets in when the plants have
of polythene sheets of 100 gauze thickness during December and not attained much of vegetative growth, which is reflected in
January. It was not necessary to protect the plants for seed sown reduced number of primary branches. Among varieties, the
on 31 Jan. Plants developed from seedlings transplanted on 28 maximum number of primary branches plant-1, fruit trusses plant-1
Nov. were not (T1) or were topped (T2) in the first week of March; and fruit weight was observed in V1 i.e. (6.53, 16.40 and 21.27).
22 Feb. were not (T3) or were topped (T4) by mid-March; and Sharma and Tiwari (1992) also obtained higher number of fruits
19 March were not topped (T5). In T5, plants were not topped plant-1 in February 13-transplanted crop compared with March
because there is little vegetative growth and topping was not 25-transplanted crop. Kadam et al. (1991) observed that number
expected to benefit fruit set. The experimental design was a of fruits plant-1 was the highest in early transplanting i.e. on 15th
split-plot with three replications. Topping at the dates were main November, followed by 15th December, 14th January, 13th
plots and cultivars were the split. The observations were February and 15th March. Joshi et al. (1992) concluded that
recorded for number of primary branches, fruit trusses, number topping decreased number of fruits plant-1. The reduction in
of fruits plant-1, fruit weight, total yield plant-1, marketable yield number of fruits plant-1 may have been due to reduced number
plant-1, harvesting span, total soluble solids, colour development of lateral branches on the topped plants. Campos et al. (1987)
and incidence of fruit borer. also reported that pruning above third truss decreased both yield
and number of fruits plant-1. The highest fruit weight (74.5 g)
Results and discussion was observed in treatment T1. Topping in both November and
February transplanted crop produced less fruit weight compared
The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares were with plants left as such of the corresponding time of planting.
significant, for main plot and sub-plot treatments, for most of the This may be due to reduced plant foliage, thereby reducing the
Table 1. Mean values of different characters as affected by cultural treatments and varieties
Treatments Number of Number Number Average Total Marketable Harvesting Total Incidence
primary of fruit of fruits fruit yield yield span soluble of fruit
branches trusses plant-1 weight (kg (kg (Days) solid borer
plant-1 plant-1 (g) plant-1) plant-1) (°Brix) (%)
T1 (November transplanting 7.75 25.00 32.80 74.5 2.45 1.36 29.00 4.9 46.20
not topped)
T2 (November transplanting 6.16 14.50 19.12 71.5 1.37 0.74 30.75 4.9 42.22
topped)
T3 (Mid-February transplanting 5.83 13.16 17.47 69.25 1.21 0.59 28.50 4.7 35.21
not topped)
T4 (Mid-February transplanting 6.00 11.41 16.58 68.00 1.13 0.52 29.00 4.8 32.21
topped)
T5 (March transplanting) 5.25 4.75 5.54 66.5 0.37 0.22 21.00 4.7 30.20
CD (P=0.05) 1.13 2.81 0.32 1.0 0.36 0.14 1.88 NS 0.09
Varieties
V1 (TH 2312) 6.53 16.40 21.27 71.8 1.55 0.90 27.66 4.9 35.00
V2 (Nagcarlan) 6.13 11.66 14.65 68.8 1.03 0.51 28.73 4.9 37.70
V3 (CRXNSS-1-1) 6.13 11.60 16.17 68.6 1.12 0.47 27.20 4.8 38.80
V4 (CR-2-P8-5-1) 6.00 15.40 21.14 70.6 1.52 0.87 27.00 4.8 36.80
CD (P=0.05) NS 2.21 0.25 1.9 0.26 0.11 0.98 NS 0.11
Effect of integrated management practices on yield and time of harvest in tomato 127
Per cent of cumulative yield 100 et al. (1974) also reported similar
A results. Topped plants i.e. treatment T2
80 T1
and T 4 produced lower yield as
60 T2 compared with untopped plants i.e.
T3 treatments T1 and T3. These results
40
T4 were in agreement of Matia-Rahman
20
T5
et al. (1988) and Anserwadekar et al.
(1980). Among varieties, maximum
0
total yield (1.55 kg plant -1) and
marketable yield (0.90 kg plant-1) were
obtained in variety V1 followed by V4
Per cent of cumulative yield
observed in variety V1 (35%), while it was highest in variety V3 Dane, F., A.G. Hunter and O.L. Chambliss, 1991. Fruit set, pollen fertility
(38.8%). and combining ability of selected tomato genotypes under high
temperature field conditions. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 116(5): 906-
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