cbe

Senior High School

NOT
Physical and Personal
Development in the Arts
1st Semester - Module 1
The Artists’ Anatomy:
the body as the instrument
Physical and Personal Development in the Arts- Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
1st Semester - Module 1: The Artists’ Anatomy: the body as the instrument
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

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Reviewers:
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Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairperson: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE

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 Senior High School

Physical and Personal

1Development in the Arts

1st Semester - Module 1

The Artists’ Anatomy:

the body as the instrument

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
depeddivofcdo@gmail.com

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippine

 Table of Contents

What This Module is About .................................................................................................................. i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. ii
How to Learn from this Module ......................................................................................................... ii
Icons of this Module................................................................................................................................ iii

What I Know ...........................................................................................................................................iiii

Lesson 1:
The Artists’ Anatomy .............................................................................................................. 1
What’s New .................................................................................................................... 1
What Is It.......................................................................................................................... 4
What’s More ................................................................................................................... 11
What I Have Learned ................................................................................................. 13

Summary
Assessment: (Post-Test)… …………………………………………………………… 14
Key to Answers ...................................................................................................................................... 15
References............................................................................................................................................... 16
What This Module is About
The most important tool of any dancer is the body. It is the instrument through
which they communicate with the audience. No-one expects dancers to be anatomy
experts, but it is now widely accepted that having at least a basic working knowledge
of that tool, of anatomical structure is important, not least because it helps
understanding of each body’s unique limitations.

Being Senior High School, specializing Arts and design, you are expected to
be acquainted, not just in terms of literatures, but also about technicalities such as
Anatomical Structures and Components to be able to fully understand to what extent
knowledge may be applied and spread.

But first, we need to take a close look how anatomy expounds the body
functions in the creative work.

Look at the picture below

Photo Credit: CCP/Jojo Mamangun - “Ang Sultan” is a story of a princess falling in

love with a man from a lower caste. Choreography by Gener Caringal and music by
Lucrecia Kasilag. https://bit.ly/2O1SOmv

The picture above expresses about the power of body movement in a vivid and
extreme flexibility.

To come up with a tremendous performance, human anatomy can be used as

an instrument of expression. Understanding how the body works can help a dancer
stay in shape, improve performance, increase confidence, and add longevity to his or
her performing career. It can also help a dancer avoid injury. If an injury does occur,
knowledge of human anatomy can contribute to a safe process of healing and
recovery. (http://www.artsalive.ca/en/dan/dance101/anatomy.asp)

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 In this module, you are expected to use variety of dances to achieve the
following learning competencies:

✓ Identifies the parts of the body involved in the creation/performance of different

art forms (AD_PPD12-Ia-c-1)

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises

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Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

________1. Which of the following is NOT part of the skeletal system?

A. Bones B. Joints
C. Cartilage D. tendons
________2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A. conversion of food stuffs to cellular energy
B. support the body
C. protection
D. none of the above
________3 Irregular bones would most likely be found in which of the following parts
of the body?
A. Skull B. Arms and Legs
C. Wrists and Ankles D. Spine and Kneecap
________4. Flat bones would most likely be found in which of the following parts of
the body?
A. Skull B. Arms and Legs
C. Wrists and Ankles D. Spine and Kneecap
________5. Long bones would most likely be found in which part of the body?
A. Skull B. Arms and Legs
C. Wrists and Ankles D. Spine and Kneecap
________6. Cilia have the function of removing foreign particles and mucus from the
surface of the _____ system.
A. Digestive B. Reproductive
C. Integumentary D. Respiratory
________7. Terminal hair is located in all of the following areas, EXCEPT the
__________.
A. Body Hair of Females B. Face of Males
C. Pubic Region of Males D. Axillary Region of Males

________8. Which of the following do NOT derive from epidermal tissue?

A. Hair and Nails B. Sweat Glands
C. Dermal Papillae D. Sebaceous Glands
________9. Striae in the skin are caused by __________.
A. dermal modifications B. dermal tears
C. exposure to heat D. an area of increased pigmentation
________10. A hematoma in the skin appears as __________.
A. An Overall Blue Discoloration of The Skin
B. An Overall Reddish Discoloration of The Skin
C. Black and Blue Marks
D. A Localized Brown Pigmentation

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 Lesson

1 The Art of Anatomy

“As a dancer, your body is your tool, your instrument, your livelihood, your
passion, and your constant collaborator. This is why it is so important for dancers to
have a well-rounded working knowledge of their anatomical structure, limitations, and
unique peculiarities. Every BODY is different and comes with its own set of gifts and
obstacles. And while technique and training can mold and shape the body, it can only
go as far as the body’s natural, physical capacity.”
(https://www.dancelife.com.au/anatomy-for-dancers/)

It is not really practical to expect dancers to be anatomy experts, but all dancers
should have a good frame of reference when it comes to their anatomy. It will focus
on building a solid, easy to use, method for communicating anatomical concepts and
creating a dialogue between dancers and their bodies.

So, with this open-minded, no-fear approach to learning, one of the first, and
biggest hurdles is to simply engage people in the LANGUAGE of anatomy.
“Anato-speak” is really like learning a new language, but once you master a few
basics, the complex words and phrases that sounded so foreign suddenly start to
make a whole lot more sense. In essence, learning to speak this language is simply a
far more articulate way of describing the body’s geography … so lets look at a few
examples.

LATERAL AND MEDIAL: This might

seem obvious to some people, but for
many it might be an eye-opener.
Whenever you see the words “Lateral” or
“Medial” …it is a like a direction marker. If
you drew a line down the middle of your
body so you looked like a half-n-half, this
would be your “mid-line.”

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 ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR: Your nose is
anterior and the back of your head is
posterior. Your chest is anterior and your
spine is posterior. Your toes are anterior and
your heels are posterior. Anterior refers to a
body part that is closer to the front of the
body, while posterior refers to a body part that
is closer to the back.

PROXIMAL AND DISTAL: The human body can be divided into

two main entities…the Axial body(head, torso, pelvis) and the
Extremities(hands, arms, hips, legs, feet)…This pair of “Anato-
terms” only applies to the extremities. When a body part is
proximal, it means that it is closer to the axial body, while
something that is distal is further away. Your hand is further from
your axial body than your elbow joint…so in “Anato-speak” we
would say, “your hand is DISTAL to your elbow joint.”

FRONTAL, SAGITTAL, TRANSVERSE PLANES:

We are going to imagine two large plates of
glass. If we pressed one against our face and
chest, and another against our back, we
would look like a dancer sandwich between
two windows of glass. Any movement we
could do to the between these plates of
glass, to the side, or above our head, would
be considered “Frontal Plane” movements.
Now if we moved the glass to touch our right
shoulder and left shoulder, we would look
like a dancer in a very narrow glass hallway.
Any movement we could do to the between
these plates of glass, to the front, or to the
back, would be considered “Sagittal Plane”
movements.

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Activity 1: Basic Anatomy Terminologies

Identify the Anatomical terminology

HUMAN BODY
FRONT LEFT RIGHT

RIGHT LEFT RIGHT LEFT

6 1

10
2
5

8
3

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

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 As you may have written the anatomical terminology of a Human body,
Descriptions in human anatomy are expressed in relation to anatomical position.
These positions describe where different body parts are found or what the direction of
a movement is relative to the midline of the body or to another body part. Anatomical
positions are referred to according to their orientation. So, what are this body parts
that dancers should know and be knowledgeable?

Skeletal System
The skeletal system includes all the bones and joints in the body. Each bone is
a complex living organ that is made up of many cells, protein fibers, and minerals. The
skeleton acts as a scaffold by providing support and protection for the soft tissues that
make up the rest of the body. The skeletal system also provides attachment points for
muscles to allow movements at the joints. (https://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.
By: Tim Barclay, PhD Medically reviewed by: Stephanie Curreli, MD, PhD)

The skeletal system in an adult body is made up of 206 individual bones. These
bones are arranged into two major divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular
skeleton. The axial skeleton runs along the body’s midline axis and is made up of 80
bones in the following regions:

• Skull
• Hyoid
• Auditory ossicles
• Ribs
• Sternum
• Vertebral column

The appendicular skeleton is made up

of 126 bones in the following regions:

o Upper limbs
o Lower limbs
o Pelvic girdle
o Pectoral (shoulder) girdle

Photo Source: Shutterstock.com

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Spinal Anatomy
The spinal column (vertebral
column or backbone) provides both
structural and nervous system support
for your entire body. Made up of 34
bones, the spinal column holds the body
upright, allows it to bend and twist with
ease and provides a conduit for major
nerves running from the brain to the tips
of the toes—and everywhere in
between.

Photo Source: Shutterstock.com.

POOR POSTURE & ITS EFFECTS ON THE BODY

Posture is defined as “the relative position of the body at any one period of time”.
Correct posture or neutral posture is a position in which minimal stress is applied to
the body’s muscles, tissues, joints, and ligaments, providing the most energy efficient
movement.
The central nervous system (CNS) begins to make musculoskeletal adaptations to the
postures and movements performed most often. These muscular imbalances cause
some muscles to be in a constant state of contraction while other, opposing muscles
remain weak and overstretched, which leads to pain.

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Importance of Posture in Dance, and Life

Strong posture starts with self-awareness of your body. Start by looking at

yourself in a full-length mirror. From the feet up, your feet should be shoulder width
apart, knees slightly bent, pelvis over your legs. Torso, which includes the shoulders,
should be over your pelvis. Head level and over your torso, with eyes forward. Think
of a string attached to the top of your head and it is being pulled up to the ceiling. Feel
your spine elongate. Stand tall and strong.
Now, we are going to start with the basics and build from there. We will not
make major changes but rather fine tuning what you already have. Even small fine-
tuning adjustments can affect major postural improvements resulting in better balance
and posture.
To be great dancer, we must have balance and proper functional motion in
addition to strength and flexibility to perform the powerful, yet graceful movements,
demanded of us in dance. We will look at three basic but important aspects that
dancers need to focus on to develop strong posture: 1) proper breathing, 2) balance,
and 3) core stability.

4 Exercises to Improve your Posture & Dance Frame

Good posture has many other benefits other than looking tall, confident, and
feeling awesome. It gives your body more power as it allows you to efficiently move
from foot to foot. Even if you already have great posture, these exercises are beneficial
for engaging those pecs and lats for better leading and following.
(https://www.healthline.com/health/posture-exercises#pigeon-pose)
1. Child’s pose
This resting pose stretches and lengthens your
spine, glutes, and hamstrings. The child’s pose
helps to release tension in your lower back and
neck.
To do this:
1. Sit on your shinbones with your knees together, your
big toes touching, and your heels splayed out to the
side.
2. Fold forward at your hips and walk your hands out in
front of you.
3. Sink your hips back down toward your feet. If your
thighs will not go all the way down, place a pillow or
folded blanket under them for support.
4. Gently place your forehead on the floor or turn your
head to one side.
5. Keep your arms extended or rest them along your
body.
6. Breathe deeply into the back of your rib cage and
waist.
7. Relax in this pose for up to 5 minutes while
continuing to breathe deeply.

6
 2. Forward fold
This standing stretch releases tension in your
spine, hamstrings, and glutes. It also stretches
your hips and legs. While doing this stretch, you
should feel the entire back side of your body
opening and lengthening.
To do this:
1. Stand with your big toes touching and your heels
slightly apart.
2. Bring your hands to your hips and fold forward at
your hips.
3. Release your hands toward the floor or place them
on a block. Don’t worry if your hands don’t touch the
ground — just go as far as you can.
4. Bend your knees slightly, soften your hips joints, and
allow your spine to lengthen.
5. Tuck your chin into your chest and allow your head
to fall heavy to the floor.
3. High plank 6. Remain in this pose for up to 1 minute.
The high plank pose helps to relieve pain and
stiffness throughout your body while
strengthening your shoulders, glutes, and
hamstrings. It also helps you develop balance
and strength in your core and back, both
important for good posture.
To do this:
1. Come onto all fours and straighten your legs,
lift your heels, and raise your hips.
2. Straighten your back and engage your
abdominal, arm, and leg muscles.
3. Lengthen the back of your neck, soften your
throat, and look down at the floor.
4. Make sure to keep your chest open and your
shoulders back.
5. Hold this position for up to 1 minute at a time.
4. Downward-facing dog
This is a forward bend that can be used as a
resting pose to balance out your body. The
downward-facing dog pose helps to relieve back
pain, while also strengthening and aligning your
back muscles. Practicing it regularly helps to
improve posture.
To do this:
1. Lying with your stomach on the floor, press into your
hands as you tuck your toes under your feet and lift
your heels.
2. Lift your knees and hips to bring your sitting bones
up toward the ceiling.
3. Bend your knees slightly and lengthen your spine.
4. Keep your ears in line with your upper arms or tuck
your chin all the way into your chest.
5. Press firmly into your hands and keep your heels
slightly lifted.
6. Remain in this pose for up to 1 minute.

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 The Tissues of the body

Tissues are organized into four broad categories based on structural and functional
similarities. These categories are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. The
primary tissue types work together to contribute to the overall health and maintenance
of the human body. Thus, any disruption in the structure of a tissue can lead to injury
or disease.
The Four Primary Tissue Types

(Micrographs provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School © 2012)

What is the function of bones, muscles, and joints?

Bones give people shape. They hold the
body upright and protect organs like the heart
and the liver. They store the minerals calcium
and phosphorus, and contain bone marrow,
where new blood cells are made. There are
different types of muscles and joints, each with
different functions.

Skeletal muscle is muscle that you can

consciously control. When your brain tells a
muscle to contract, it shortens, pulling one bone
towards another across a joint. Muscles work in
pairs — when one shortens, a corresponding
muscle lengthens. Physical activity maintains or
increases the strength of skeletal muscles.

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 Smooth muscle sits in and around blood vessels and organs. You cannot
consciously control smooth muscle. It helps regulate your blood pressure, airways,
and digestion. The heart is made of special muscle called cardiac muscle. You cannot
control it consciously. It contracts to make your heartbeat. Joints in the arms and legs
are synovial joints, which means they have fluid (synovial fluid) in them so bones can
move over each other. Joints in the spine and pelvis are cartilaginous joints — they
provide more stability but not as much movement.
(https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bones-muscles-and-joints)

Integumentary System
The integumentary system is the set of organs that forms the external covering
of the body and protects it from many threats such as infection, desiccation, abrasion,
chemical assault and radiation damage. IN humans the integumentary system
includes the skin – a thickened keratinized epithelium made of multiple layers of cells
that is largely impervious to water.( https://biologydictionary.net/integumentary-
system)

Organs of the Integumentary System

Photo Credit : Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

a system comprised of organs that are the outermost protective covering of the
animal body, the skin, and its various derivatives. The integumentary system protects
against many threats such as infection, desiccation, abrasion, chemical assault, and
radiation damage. In humans, the primary organ of the integumentary system is the
skin. Along with skin, several other glands and different sensory units like
somatosensory receptors and nociceptors are also a part of this organ system.
(https://microbenotes.com/integumentary-system/)

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 What are the organs of the human body?

Organs

In an organ, different tissues work together to

carry out a function. These are the main
organs, as well as their primary function:

• The brain controls thoughts, memory and

other organs.
• The heart pumps blood around the body.
• The lungs separate oxygen from the air
and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
• The stomach helps to digest food.
• The intestines absorb nutrients from food.
• The liver removes poisons from the blood.
• The kidneys filter blood and produce urine.
• The bladder stores urine.
• The skin protects and contains the other organs.
(https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/znyycdm/articles/zbpdqhv)

To give you more of this concept, you may answer the activity below.

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Activity 2: Identify BAD or GOOD Posture

” Poor posture contributes to lack of balance therefore, more accidents and falls which
can result in strained or torn muscles, ligaments or tendons or worse, broken bones.
Poor posture also affects one’s self-esteem, and a decrease in overall health.
Remember our parents saying, “sit up straight”, “stop slouching” or “hold your
shoulders back”

IDENTIFY GOOD POSTURE ( mark ) OR BAD POSTURE ( mark )

4 5
1
2

6 7
10
9

11
Activity 3: identifying Body Organs

organs consist of multiple tissue types; many organs are composed of the main
tissue that is associated with the organ’s major function and other tissues that play
supporting roles. Your activity is to identify the 9 organs of the human Body.

Write your answers on the box provided beside the picture.

1 5

2
7

3 8

4
9

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Activity 4. Synthesizing Your Learning

Answer the following questions based on your learning. Be brief and concise

1. What are the functions of bones, muscles, and joints?

1.a.
1.b.
1.c.
1.d.
1.e.

2. From your own point of view, make a list that describes a

person who experience Bad Posture.

2.a.
2.b.
2.c.
2.d
2.e

3. As an arts and design Major, how Body Posture affect artistic

performances?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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 Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

________1. Striae in the skin are caused by __________.

A. dermal modifications B. dermal tears
C. exposure to heat D. an area of increased pigmentation
________2. Cilia have the function of removing foreign particles and mucus from the
surface of the _____ system.
A. Digestive B. Reproductive
C. Integumentary D. Respiratory
________3. A hematoma in the skin appears as __________.
A. An Overall Blue Discoloration of The Skin
B. An Overall Reddish Discoloration of The Skin
C. Black and Blue Marks
D. A Localized Brown Pigmentation
________4. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A. conversion of food stuffs to cellular energy
B. support the body
C. protection
D. none of the above
________5. Terminal hair is located in all of the following areas, EXCEPT the __________.
A. Body Hair of Females B. Face of Males
C. Pubic Region of Males D. Axillary Region of Males
________6. Flat bones would most likely be found in which of the following parts of
the body?
A. Skull B. Arms and Legs
C. Wrists and Ankles D. Spine and Kneecap
________7. Which of the following is NOT part of the skeletal system?
A. Bones B. Joints
C. Cartilage D. tendons
________8. Long bones would most likely be found in which part of the body?
A. Skull B. Arms and Legs
C. Wrists and Ankles D. Spine and Kneecap
________9. Which of the following do NOT derive from epidermal tissue?
A. Hair and Nails B. Sweat Glands
C. Dermal Papillae D. Sebaceous Glands
________10. Irregular bones would most likely be found in which of the following
parts of the body?
A. Skull B. Arms and Legs
C. Wrists and Ankles D. Spine and Kneecap

14
 15
Answer Key: Post - test
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. B
10. D
Answer Key: ACTIVITY 2
1. WRONG Answer Key: ACTIVITY 3
2. WRONG 1. THYROID
3. WRONG 2. LUNGS
4. WRONG 3. LIVER
5. WRONG 4. INTESTINES
6. WRONG 5. BRAIN
6. HEART
7. WRONG
7. STOMACH
8. WRONG
8. KEDNEY
9. CHECK 9. BLADER
10. CHECK
Answer Key: Pre – Test
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. A
Answer Key: ACTIVITY 1 5. B
1. ANTERIOR 6. D
2. SAGITTAL 7. C
3. CORONAL 8. C
4. MEDIAL 9. B
5. TRANSVERSE 10. C
6. POSTERIOR
7. DISTAL
8. CORONAL
9. DISTAL
10. PROXIMAL
References:

• Dance Anatomy (Sports Anatomy) Jacqui Greene Haas 2010

• Stretching Anatomy Arnold G. Nelson 2013
• Dance Anatomy Jacqui Haas November, 2017
• https://bit.ly/2O1SOmv
• (http://www.artsalive.ca/en/dan/dance101/anatomy.asp
• https://www.dancelife.com.au/anatomy-for-dancers/
• https://spinehealth.org/poor-posture-and-its-effects-on-the-body/
• https://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html#continued
• https://www.spineuniverse.com/anatomy
• https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/4-1-types-of-tissues/
• https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bones-muscles-and-joints
• https://biologydictionary.net/integumentary-system
• (https://microbenotes.com/integumentary-system/)
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/znyycdm/articles/zbpdqhv
• https://www.healthline.com/health/posture-exercises#pigeon-pose

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

sss
DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

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