Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

HEALTH
GRADE 8

Prepared by:

ERICA JOY P. CARDONA

Teacher I, Victoria National High School

Reviewed by:

DALEN I. ROY
EPS I, MAPEH

Recommending Approval:
DR. PAULINO D. DEPANO
Chief-Curriculum Implementation Division

Approved:
DR. RONALDO A. POZON
School Division Superintendent

SUMMARY OF NOTES IN HEALTH 8

FOURTH QUARTER
GATEWAY DRUGS

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
The term “Gateway Drug” is used to describe any drug that a non-drug user
might try out. Cigarettes and alcohol are “gateway drugs”. Gateway drugs are legal
drugs that are readily accessible. People who abuse more dangerous drugs such as
marijuana and shabu often start from cigarette smoking and drinking alcohol.
Since cigarettes and alcohol are readily available and generally accepted in our society,
many people use them for various purposes. Teenagers are especially vulnerable
because they are curious and risk-takers.
According to the study done by the National Youth Commission (NYC), 2 out of 5
Filipino teenagers aged 13 to 15 years old, smoke cigarettes (philstar.com, March 16,
2012). Furthermore, in a study conducted by an anti-tobacco group in the year 2011,
ten Filipinos die every year of tobacco-related diseases (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Sept.
19, 2011).
Health experts explained that the continuous increase in cigarette use and alcohol
consumption by Filipino teenagers is due to its very cheap price. Many pro-health
groups are now asking the government to increase taxes from cigarette and alcohol
companies. The increase in taxes will likewise increase cigarette and alcohol prices in
the country.
CIGARETTE
Tobacco is a tall, leafy plant, originally grown in South and Central America,
but now cultivated throughout the world. There are many species of tobacco but
“Nicotiana tabacum” or sometimes called “common
tobacco” is preferred for producing present day
cigarettes. Tobacco use has been recorded as early as
600-900 C.E. as carved drawings on stones were
discovered in Mexico. American Indians smoked it for
special religious occasions and medical purposes only.
They never smoked cigar everyday.
Each time a person puffs a cigarette or chew tobacco,
more than 4,000 chemicals comes into his/her contact.
All of these chemicals harm people one way or another.
In studies conducted, 43 of these chemicals are known
carcinogens. Carcinogens are substances which cause
cancer. Nicotine, the addictive drug found in tobacco
products like cigarettes is a poisonous stimulant. A
stimulant drug increases the central nervous system (CNS) activity. The central nervous
system controls all body organs like the heart, lungs, brain and processes like heart rate,
blood pressure rate, respiration rate, and more

Every time a cigarette is lit, smoke is emitted. There are three smokes produced by
cigarette smoking namely:
➢ Mainstream Smoke - refers specifically to the smoke that a smoker directly
inhales.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
➢ Sidestream Smoke – the smoke that comes out of the lighted end of a cigarette
or pipe. This is also called “second-hand smoke (SHS) or environmental
tobacco smoke (ETS). This is more dangerous than mainstream smoke because
it is not filtered and is easi- ly absorbed by body cells. It also contains more
carcinogens.
➢ Third-hand Smoke – smoke left for a long time on sofa, beddings, pillow and
other objects. This smoke also called “residual tobacco smoke (RTS)” settles
along with dust and can last for months. This smoke still contains harmful
chemicals and carcinogens.

DANGERS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING

➢ High Blood Pressure

➢ Bad Breath
➢ Body Odor
➢ Asthma
➢ Bronchitis
➢ Emphysema
➢ Heart Diseases
➢ Cancer

WHY DO YOUNG PEOPLE SMOKE?

➢ Young people are attracted to image

➢ Cultural Influencers
➢ Family of Smokers

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
HOW MANY CHEMICALS ARE THERE IN CIGARETTE?

➢ There are over 5000 chemicals in one cigarette! Some of these chemicals
are found below:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
Activity 1: Text Twister (10 points)

Directions: The following are known to be the dangers of cigarette smoking

and tobacco use. Arrange the letters for each item to decipher the word (s). A
hint is provided below the boxes.

1. H I H G BOLDO ERUESSR
Hint: Too much exertion of blood against the arteries causing damage
2. E T A R H IDASSEES
Hint: Involves the cardiovascular system
3. D A B ATEBRH
Hint: Foul smell exhaled from the mouth
4. S E A Y H E M P M
Hint: Damaged air sacs in the lungs
5. T A S H M A
Hint: A chronic disease which affects the airways

Activity 2: Why Do Teenagers Smoke? (10 points)

Direction: Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.

1. Why do teenagers smoke?

2. Why do teenagers explore using dangerous drugs?
3. Do you think their reasons put their health at risk? Why or why not?
4. What can teenagers do to avoid smoking and using dangerous drugs such
as marijuana and shabu?

Activity 3: Process his! (10 points)

Direction: Answer the following questions and write them in your activity
notebook.
1. Would you like to have dangerous chemicals in your body?
2. Why are mainstream, side stream, and third-hand smoke harmful to human
health?
3. Would you like your loved ones also to get these chemicals emitted from
side stream and third-hand smoke?

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
ALCOHOL

➢ is a colorless, bitter-tasting substance that humans have been consuming

since the ancient times.
➢ comes from plants that underwent
fermentation.

FERMENTATION

➢ is the process of extracting alcohol from a

plant or a fruit

TYPES OF ALCOHOL

➢ Isopropyl and Methanol- are used in laboratories and are poisonous

and fatal if taken.
➢ Ethanol- also called as “Beverage Alcohol”.It comes from grain and
fruits.

WHY IS IT CONSIDERED AS A DRUG?

➢ Alcohol changes a person’s PHYSICAL and EMOTIONAL state.

➢ Alcohol slows down the body systems so it is a DEPRESSANT.
➢ DEPRESSANT- a drug that suppresses the central nervous system,
slows down body function.
➢ STIMULANT- a drug which temporarily
quickens the central nervous system

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL IN THE BODY

➢ irritates the mouth, throat, esophagus, and

stomach
➢ makes the heart work harder
➢ makes the body lose heat
➢ causes the liver to work harder
➢ causes dehydration
➢ loss of balance and coordination
➢ impaired speech, hearing, and vision
➢ lightheaded and very elated feeling
➢ intoxication, hangover, nausea
➢
INTOXICATION

➢ physical and mental changes that the body is experiencing upon

consuming alcohol

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
HANGOVER

➢ physical effects that give discomfort to humans who heavily consumed

alcohol
➢ takes place when an alcohol drinker feels uncomfortable effects after
drinking
➢ You get a hangover
because the ethanol in
the drink caused
increase urine
production, leading to
dehydration.
Dehydration causes
headaches, fatigue, and
dry mouth.

NAUSEA

➢ Alcohol also irritates the stomach lining, which can lead to nausea.
➢ Vomiting, motion sickness

BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT

➢ (BAC) is the amount of alcohol that has entered a person’s bloodstream

at certain duration
➢ also called blood alcohol level (BAL)

ALCOHOLISM

➢ a condition when a person heavily consumes alcohol consistently which

results to numerous body damages and malfunctions.

BRAIN STROKE

➢ a non-communicable disease which affects the arteries which carries

blood to the brain resulting to brain damage
➢ also called brain stroke or plainly stroke
CANCER

➢ any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled

cell division which may spread to other parts of the body through
lymphatic system or the blood stream

CIRRHOSIS

➢ condition when the liver is “scarred” due to heavy alcohol consumption.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

➢ a disease of smokers which worsens over time  characterized by severe

coughing, shortness of breath wheezing, and tightening of the chest.

DEPENDENCE

➢ condition when a person needs a drug-like alcohol and cigarette in order

for the body to function normally.

FATTY LIVER

➢ condition when the liver is being stored with fat from alcohol.

TOLERANCE

➢ condition when a person needs more alcohol to feel its original effects

MULTIPLIER EFFECT

➢ condition when alcohol is consumed simultaneously with any drug or

medicine, causing impairments in the physical and mental functioning
of the body.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
A. Multiple choices:
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Select the letter of the best
answer
from among the given choices.
1. Cigarette smoking primarily affects the __________________ system.
a. Respiratory system c. cardiovascular system
b. nervous system d. brain

2. Which of the following choices are perceived to be gateway drugs?

a. Shabu and marijuana c. Cigarettes and alcohol
b. Marijuana and alcohol d. None of these

3. _______is the amount of alcohol that has entered a person’s bloodstream

at a certain
duration.
a. Toxins c. Alcoholism
b. Blood Alcohol Concentration d. Ethanol content

4. _____________ is the addictive chemical in smokeless tobacco and

cigarettes.
a. Caffeine c. Nicotine
b. Toxins d. Additives

5. ___________________ is a plant whose leaves can be rolled in a cigar or

pipe and can
be smoked.
a. Marijuana plant c. Opium
b. Tobacco plant d. Cigarette

6. A kind of smoke emitted by cigarettes which smokers directly inhale is

called___________
a. Mainstream smoke c. Third-hand smoke
b. Second- hand smoke d. None of these

7. ____________ are drugs that a non-drug-users might try out and can lead
to trying more
dangerous ones.
a. Prohibited drugs c. Shabu
b. Gateway drugs d. Cocaine

8. ________________ is a group of diseases which makes body cells grow

uncontrollably.
a. Pneumonia c. Cancer
b. Asthma d. Stroke

9. A condition when a person heavily consumes alcohol consistently which

results in
numerous body damage and malfunctions.
a. Alcoholism c. Fatigue
b. Intoxication d. Drunkenness

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
10. _____________________ is a beverage alcohol which comes from grains
and fruits.
a. Isopropyl c. Ethanol
b. methanol c. Vodka

B. True or False
_________1. Secondhand smoke is not dangerous to one’s health as
mainstream smoke.
________2. Nausea occurs when alcohol will not irritate the stomach lining;
Vomiting;
motion sickness
_________3. Cigarette smoking and use of smokeless tobacco kill thousands
of Filipinos
every year.
__________4. The longer cigarette smoke stays in the body, the more it
causes damage to
body parts.
__________5. Cancer, heart diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)
are just some of the diseases caused by cigarette smoking.

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