ACTIVITY SHEET

Variable or data refers to the characteristics or property whereby members of the group or set
vary from another. A characteristic or information of interest that is observable or measurable from
every individual or object under consideration. Example: Gender, Age, Occupation, Profit of the
organization, expenditure, number of customers, employee’s ID number, etc.
Types of Data

1. Qualitative or Categorical (non-numeric) measures a quality or characteristics. Examples:

Employment status, Marital Status, Political Party, Eye Color, etc.
2. Quantitative or Scale (numeric) measures a numerical quantity or amount. It answer the question
“how much” or “how many”. Examples: family income, expenditures, profit, number of
customers, height, etc.
Types of Quantitative Data
• Discrete data assumes only a finite or countable number of values. Example: number of customer
in the selling area, Class size, number of household, number of sibling, etc.
• Continuous data assumes infinitely many values corresponding to the points on a line interval or
whose set of values is uncountable. Examples: profit of the company, family income, height,
weight etc.
Measurement Scales
Measurement is the process of determining the value or label of the variable of interest based on
what have been observed.
1. Nominal Scale used with variables that are qualitative in nature. The data collected are
simply labels, categories or nameless without any implicit or explicit ordering of the
categories or explicit ordering of the labels. It is the lowest level of measurement.
Examples: • Sex /Gender • The complexion of students • Hair Color of students • Marital status
2. Ordinal scale has a relative low level of property of magnitude, but it does not have the
property of equal intervals between the adjacent units. This is concerned with the ranking
or order of the objects measured. The level of measurement is higher than nominal.
Examples: • Winners of a contest • Faculty Rank • Military Rank • Student class
designation • Student grades • Product satisfaction
3. Interval scale has its property of magnitude and equal interval between two adjacent units,
but it does not have an absolute zero point, that is the number zero is arbitrarily assigned
and does not mean the absence of the characteristic under consideration. The level of
measurement is higher than the ordinal. Examples: • Temperature in Celsius scale • IQ of
zero does not mean total absence of knowledge. • Military time
 4. Ratio scale is the highest level of measurement scale. It has all the properties of an interval
scale, that is, it has magnitude and equal intervals plus the absolute zero point. Furthermore,
the number zero indicates the absence of the characteristic under consideration.
Examples: • The reaction time to a particular drug • The number of visits to a Doctor, • The
weight loss of on diet individual, • The average score of CAT score of CAS students

QUIZ 2:
A. Indicate which of the following variables are quantitative and qualitative. Write QN if
quantitative, otherwise write QL.
1. Highest educational attainment
2. Favorite menu in a restaurant.
3. IQ score
4. Faculty rank
5. Number of years in service
6. Tuition fee in a public school
7. Student ID number
8. Number of provinces in Cagayan Valley
9. Ethnicity
10. Religious affiliation

B. Identify the type of measurement scale. Write nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio on the
space provided.

1. Marital status of an employee

2. SSS number
3. Distances travelled by a bus
4. Instructors rating such as excellent, very satisfactory, satisfactory, etc.
5. Length of TV commercials
6. Family income
7. Gender
8. Savings account number
9. IQ level
10. Socio-economic status of residents of Barangay Malaya
11. Eye color
12. Educational attainment
13. Body temperature of dengue patients
14. Population of the Philippines in the year 2017
15. IQ level of grade I pupil as low, average or high