FIRST AID

CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Purpose of First Aid
• Principle of First Aid (4 C’s)
• Action Plan
• Assessing Skills of a First Aider
• Responsibilities of First Aider
• DR ABC
 INTRODUCTION
• First aid is the immediate medical assistance given to
an injured person, within the available resources
before getting to a qualified medical help.
 AIMS OF GIVING FIRST AID

• To save life.

• To relieve pain.

• To promote quick recovery

• To prevent further Injuries and Infection

• To control bleeding

• To be able transport casualties

 PURPOSE OF FIRST AID
• To Sustain life

• To Prevent suffering

• To Prevent secondary complications

• To Promote speedy recovery

DO’S DON’Ts
Before handling the casualty First Aider can never-
use:
• Prescribe Medicine
• Mask
• Declare Death
• Gloves
• Head Cover
• Apron
 PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID (4 C’S)
• Call for Help

• Calmly Take Charge

• Check the scene & the causality

• Carefully apply First Aid

 ACTION PLAN
• Assess the Situation

• Safety of yourself & the casualty.

• Assess the casualty

• Treat the Casualty

• Arrange removal of casualty to hospital or safe area.

• Write a Report / Communicate the status.

 ASSESSING SKILL OF FIRST AIDER
• Observer
• Listen
• Feel
• Talk
• Touch
• Provide
• Build Trust
 RESPONSIBILITIES OF FIRST AIDER
• To assess a situation quickly & safely & call for
appropriate help
• To identify the level of injury or the nature of the illness
affecting the casualty/victim
• To give early and appropriate treatment in a sensible
order of priority
• To make & pass on a report, & give further help if
required
 DR ABC
• DANGER

• RESPONSE

• AIRWAY

• BREATHING

• CIRCULATION
 ‘D’ IS FOR DANGER
• To Yourself

• To Others

• To Casualty
 ‘R’ IS FOR RESPONSE
• Gently “Shake & Shout” at the casualty
• Is the casualty alert?
• Is the casualty drowsy or confused ?
• Is the casualty unconscious, but reacting ?
• Is the casualty unconscious with no reaction ?
• If unconscious, place the casualty in the stable side
position
 ‘A’ IS FOR AIRWAY
• Is the airway open & clear ?

• Is there noisy breathing ?

• Are the Potential obstruction such as blood etc ?

• If so , open & clear the airway!

 HOW TO OPEN AIRWAY?
• Tilt Head Back & Lift Chin up with fingers under jaw
to establish Airway (Move head as little as possible if
there may be a neck injury).
 ‘B’ IS FOR BREATHING
• Look for chest movements

• Listen for sounds of breathing

• Feel for breathes on your cheek

• If not breathing give 2 rescue breathes

 BREATHING
• Look, Listen & feel for Breathing – Is chest moving ? If
not give 2 breathes
 ‘C’ IS FOR CIRCULATION
• Is there a carotid pulse ?

• Is it strong ?

• Is it regular ?

• Is there major blood loss ?

• IF NO PULSE PRESENT THEN START CPR

(CIRCULATION PULSE RESPIRATION)
 CIRCULATION
• Check for circulation – Is there a pulse ? Place
two fingers in groove of neck
• CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
• See person consciousness
• Send someone for help
• Check for breathing
• Compressions
• Head tilt chin lift rule
 WOUND CARE
• Control Bleeding
• Clean Wounds (Using antiseptic lotion / water)
• Remove small objects that do not flush out by cleaning with sterile
tweezers.
• If bleeding persists, apply direct pressure (Until bleeding stops).
• Apply antibiotics (If normal wound).
• Use Bandages.
• Shift to a Hospital (If it is severe)
 FRACTURE
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS TREATMENT
• Pain • Make The Patient
• Swelling Comfortable
• Tenderness • Check Bleeding
• Loss of Power • Give Support
• Deformity • Transportation
• Unnatural Movement
• Irregularity
• Crepitus
 TRANSPORTATION
• Seek for Ambulance---108 : Ambulance
• Use Stretcher
• Handle the spine fracture victim with utmost care
and Caution- Spine board
OR
• Place the patient under proper care
Thank you