ELE 2303- POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

HIGHER COLLEGES OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Engineering Technology & Science

Electrical Engineering Department

ELE 2303- POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

Laboratory no. 1

INTRODUCTION TO POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION USING LAB VOLT

EQUIPMENT

Objectives:
1. To be able to distinguish between star and delta connection
2. To demonstrate the differences between line and phase voltages
3. To understand how generation units work
4. To be familiar with lab volt equipment
5. To verify the theory and calculations

INTRODUCTION TO STAR AND DELTA CONNECTIONS

The three-phase transformer may be a single transformer or three separate single phase transformers
connected in delta or wye. Sometimes only two transformers are used.
 ELE 2303- POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

Commercial three-phase voltage from the power lines is generally 415 V, and the standard values of
single-phase voltage (240 V) can be supplied from the line as shown in Figure 1-1.

In conclusion, the purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the differences between line and phase voltages.
We can see from the data and explanations provided in the discussion all of the objectives have been achieved. We
gain so many knowledges about three phase transformers. First of all, we manage to determine the voltage of three-
phase supply. By line voltage and single-phase voltage. The three-phase voltage has a generally line power about
415V which is the higher voltage can access it. And the single-phase voltage can achieve around 240V as a higher
value. These number agreed with the result that we got it in the experiment.

Figure 1-1.

The windings a, b and c, represent the three wye-connected transformer secondary’s. The three-phase
lines are designated A, Band C, and the single-phase connections are from A, B or C to neutral
(ground). Three-phase transformers must be properly connected to these lines in order to operate.
Four of the most widely used transformer connections (see Figure 1-2) are:

a) Primary windings in delta, secondary windings in delta, or delta-delta (I:::.. -1:::..)

b) Primary windings in wye, secondary windings in wye, or wye-wye (Y - Y)

c) Primary windings in wye, secondary windings in delta, or wye-delta (Y - t::.)

d) Primary windings in delta, secondary windings in wye, or delta-wye (t::. - Y)

 ELE 2303- POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

Figure 1-2.

Of these four combinations, the one used most extensively is the last one listed, the delta-
wye.

Regardless of what method of connection is used, the windings must be connected in the
proper phase relationships. To determine these in a wye-connected secondary, the voltage is
measured across two windings as shown in Figure 1-3 (a).The voltage A to B should be
equal to /3 times the voltage across either winding.

If the voltage is equal to that across either winding, then one of the windings must be
reversed. The third winding c is then connected as shown in Figure 1-3 (b), and the voltage
C to A or B should also equal /3 times the voltage across any one winding. If not, the
winding c must be reversed.
 ELE 2303- POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

Figure 1-3.

To determine the proper phase relationships in a delta-connected secondary, the voltage is measured across two
windings as shown in Figure 1-4 (a). The voltage A to C should equal the voltage across either winding. If not, one
of the windings must be reversed. The winding c is then connected as shown in Figure 1-4 (b), and the voltage
across the three windings C1 to C should equal zero. If not, winding c must be reversed. The open ends (C1 & C)
are then joined and the transformer has the proper phase relationships for delta connection as shown in Figure 1-4
(c).

Figure 1-4.
ELE 2303- POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION 5

Introduction:
The three-phase transformer may be a single transformer or three separate
single phase transformers connected in delta or wye. Sometimes only two
transformers are used. In this experiment, we were measuring the phase and line
voltage.

Results:

Phase A Phase B Phase C

Phase Voltage 235 v 240 v 240 v
Line Voltage 400 v 410 v 400 v

In phase power system we connected voltage source together to the variable

power supply and then we connect common connection point joining one side of each
to measure the voltage for each side. As we can see in Figure.1 that we got 235V &
240V. In addition, we connected the three phases together to measure the line voltage,
and the results were 400V and 410V as seen in Figure.2.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the
differences between line and phase voltages. We can see from the result; our
expectations were similar to our results. That means the explanations provided in the
result have been achieved. We gain knowledge about three phase transformers. And
we manage to determine the voltage of three-phase supply. By line voltage and single-
phase voltage. The three-phase voltage has a general line power about 415V which is
the high voltage can access it. And the single-phase voltage can achieve around 240V
as a higher value. These numbers are agreed with the result that we got it in the
experiment.
ELE 2303- POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION 6

Instructor’s Signature:

Date of Experiment :