Bai Tap Unit 5678

Unit5: BEING PART OF ASEAN
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. stable B. maintain C. scholarship D. dominate
2. A. hold B. offer C. bloc D. solidarity
3. A. participates B. athletes C. dominates D. activities
4. A. avoided B. recommended C. permitted D. practiced
5. A. promote B. confusion C. focus D. association
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position
of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. maintain B. charter C. finish D. practice
2. A. solidarity B. cooperation C. voluntarily D. economically
3. A. membership B. integrate C. principle D. consider
4. A. promote B. enjoy C. involve D. realize
5. A. remember B. understand C. imagine D. encourage
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following sentences.
1. Thailand has dominated in most of the recent ASEAN GAMES in the region, winning the biggest
numbers of gold medals.
A. has been the most successful B. has been the least successful
C. has been the most dedicated D. has been the least dynamic
2. In making policy city, officials depend on over fifty citizen advisory boards and commissions for citizen
input.
A. decide on B. rely on C. impact on D. insist on
3. Most Vietnamese students know what the red colour on their national flag stands for.
A. targets B. symbolizes C. belongs D. infers
4. Mainstream economists argue that the purpose of the policy is to promote economic efficiency.
A. begin B. stabilize C. boost D. activiate
5. Negotiation is among a few effective ways to resolve any dispute.
A. disrespect B. organization C. acceptance D. disagreement
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.
1. The 27th SEA Games, featured 33 sports with 460 gold, 460 silver and 637 bronze medals,
A B
ran from Dec 11 to Dec 22,2013 in Myanmar.
C D
2. The official mascot of the 2013 Southeast Asian Games was a couple of owls which
A B
are considering lucky charms in Myanmar tradition.
C D
3. Gifts normally exchange at the beginning of meetings with Japanese and should be given
A B C
and received with both hands.
D
4. The Netherlands, with much of its land lying lower than sea level, have a system of dikes
A B C
and canals for controlling water.
D
5. In Southeast Asian, many forests have been cut down to produce timber and clearing land
A B C
for farms and industries.
D
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. As an ASEAN member, Vietnam has actively participated in the group's programs and has also created
new _______ and cooperation mechanisms.
A. initiatives B. initiates C. initiations D. initiators
2. The population of ASEAN is more than 600 million people, _______ about 8% of the world's population.
A. counting on B. setting for C. accounting for D. making of
3. The ASEAN gross domestic product grew _______ 4.6% to reach US$ 2.57 trillion in 2015.
A. on B. by C. in D. with
4. The government hopes their program will help new immigrants _______ well in the community.
A. enter B. immerse C. exchange D. integrate
5. Many volunteer organizations have been _______ to give help and support to disadvantaged children in
the area.
A. laid out B. looked on C. setup D. got by
6. It came as no surprise that Thailand ended the latest SEA Games at the top of medals _______.
A. host B. standing C. participating D. earning
7. The children would love to join the exchange program where they can _______ themselves in different
traditional and cultural activities.
A. immerse B. dip C. imply D. obtain
8. It is important that young people be taught the importance of _______ the national heritage.
A. preserving B. reversing C. reserving D. conserving
9. Vietnam, along with China, stands out as a rare story among transition economies.
A. successful B. successive C. success D. succeeding
10. There is a _______ shortage of food in the disaster-stricken areas of ASEAN.
A. deep B. critical C. erratic D. strong
11. Young people are supposed to _______ themselves in several voluntary social activities.
A. promote B. involve C. serve D. participate
12. ASEAN always attempts to _______ adequate support to victims of natural disasters in the area.
A. conduct B. involve C. present D. administer
13. She is afraid of the dentist, so she always puts off _______ till the last possible moment.
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
14. I don't regret _______ her what I thought, even if it upsets her.
A. tell B. to tell C. to have told D. telling
15. I simply couldn't resist _________ you to tell you the good news!
A. phoning B. to phone C. phone D. phoned
16. They were expected _______ back by eleven.
A. being B. been C. have been D. to be
17. We'll get Robert _______ it.
A. delivers B. delivering C. to deliver D. deliver
18. Let's not waste time _______ about this.
A. argue B. arguing C. having argued D. to have argued
19. I went to the airport _______ to meet her, but she didn't arrive.
A. expecting B. to expect C. to be expected D. to have expected
20. _______ that I would be late for school, I took a taxi instead of a bus.
A. Thinking B. Thought C. To think D. To be thinking
21. I tried _______ her flowers but it didn't have any effect.
A. to send B. sending C. sent D. to be sent
22. I insist on _______ this small present as a token of my appreciation.
A. your accepting B. you to accept C. yours accepting D. you accept
23. Susan hoped _______ to Terry's party.
A. for being invited B. to be invited
C. she will be invited D. being invited
24. The universe is supposed _______ all the time.
A. to expand B. expanding C. to be expanding D. to have expanded
25. You should avoid _______ to the downtown area during the rush hour.
A. traveling B. to travel C. traveled D. to traveling
26. I greatly regret _______ those boots when they were so cheap.
A. not having bought B. not to have bought
C. not to buy D. didn't buy
27. He is very skillful at _______ animal noises.
A. being made B. to make C. made D. making
28. Some people are against children _______ to school before they are six.
A. being sent B. to send C. to be sent D. having been sent
29. - A: "Would you please go over my presentation on ASEAN?"
- B:" _______ "
A. I'm glad to go. B. No problem. C. I'll be fine. D. Yes, I would be.
30. - A:" _______ "
- B: "I've just asked where you are from."
A. Pardon? B. Repeat. C. Excuse me! D. What's your name?
VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Vietnam is a (1) _______, developing country that in the last 34 years has had to recuperate from the
ravages of war. Substantial progress was (2) _______ from 1986 to 1997 in moving forward from an
extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty.
Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their (3) _______ to economic liberalization and
international (4) _______. They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the
economy and to produce more competitive, (5) _______ industries.
Vietnam’s membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry (6) _______ force of the US-
Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement in December 2001 have (7) _______ to even more rapid changes in
Vietnam’s trade and economic regime. Vietnam’s exports to the US doubled in 2002 and again in 2003.
Vietnam joined the WTO (World Trade Organization) in January 2007, following over a decade long (8)
_______. This should provide an important boost to the economy and should help to ensure the continuation
of liberalizing reforms.
Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a (9) _______ that is growing by more than
one million people every year. Vietnamese authorities have tightened monetary and fiscal (10) _______ to
stem high inflation.
1. A. dense-populated B. densely-populated C. dense-populating D. densely-populating
2. A. improved B. advanced C. maintained D. achieved
3. A. commitment B. promise C. determination D. assurance
4. A. incorporation B. integration C. combination D. inclusion
5. A. export-driving B. export-driven C. exporting driving D. export-to drive
6. A. in B. on C. into D. of
7. A. guided B. went C. led D. directed
8. A. negotiating process B. negotiable process
C. negotiation process D. negotiated process
9. A. labor force B. labor movement C. labor relation D. labor shortage
10. A. guidelines B. procedures C. rules D. policies
VII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
The Spring festival season in Vietnam starts with the Lunar New Year and closes with the celebration
honoring the mythical founding fathers, the Hung Kings, on the tenth day of the third lunar month.
Underlying the origins of these rituals is the farming cycle and its association with fertility rites and
ancestor worship. Ancestor worship is a belief of wet-rice farmers who keep their ancestors' graves in their
village. This strong attachment to the village of one's birth and the recognition that the inhabitants all
descend from the same ancestral line creates strong bonds. The village festival is based on the spirit of unity
and family. The farmers are the festivals' creators, actors and audience.
Ancient ceremonies related to farming sometimes take on additional meanings: the commemoration of
heroic deeds and the village heroes' birth or death. Each village in the North of Vietnam has such a heroic or
super-human figure as a tutelary or guardian spirit. The heroes were honored in their own temples and
communal houses which became the heart of the village activities.
There are basic themes which are common to all Spring festivals in the Red River Delta. For instance,
water takes on an essential role. Water is collected and blessed and later used for ritual washing. There are
boat races, fishing contests, snake dances and water puppet performances. In Chem village, in the suburbs of
Hanoi on the banks of the Red River, the main part of the festival actually occurs on a barge carrying over
200 people waving flags, singing, dancing and chasing a unicorn. The barge sails from the temple out into
the middle of the Red River, while elders in smaller boats fetch three large jars of water to be blessed and
used in rituals during the year. The next day the blessed water is used for the symbolic washing of the
wooden statue of the village guardian.
1. According to paragraph 1, how long does the the Spring festival last?
A. one month B. less than one month
C. more than three months D. just more than two months
2. With which of the following are the rituals of the festival NOT associated?
A. Ancestor worship B. Fertility rites
C. Festival creators D. Unity and family spirit
3. The word "descend" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. improve B. originate C. transform D. exchange
4. What is stated in paragraph 4 about boat races, fishing contests, snake dances and water puppet
performances?
A. They are very basic activities. B. They take on an essential role.
C. They are all done on the water. D. They take place in Chem village.
5. Which of the following is true about the blessed water in the festival of Chem village?
A. It is carried on the barge. B. It used for the ritual of the next day.
C. It is taken from the village guardian. D. It helps make wooden statues clean.
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
Thailand's most celebrated festival is the Songkran Festival. It starts on April 13 and lasts between three
to ten days, depending on where you are in Thailand. The word Songkran is from Sanskrit, meaning the
beginning of a new solar year.
The festival begins on April 13 and everyone is awakened at dawn to the sound of firecrackers used to
drive away evil spirits. This is the day when everything is scrupulously cleaned from the self, clothes,
Buddha images, to houses, shops and streets in preparation for the New Year.
April 14 is the day between the old year and the new year. It is customary not to quarrel or use harsh
words on one another. The morning is spent shopping and preparing food for the following day, while the
afternoon is reserved for visiting a temple in the neighborhood. It is imperative that they carry a fistful of
sand with them to compensate for the dirt that they have carried away from the temple during their visits
throughout the year. The sand is then sculpted into stupa-shaped piles.
April 15 marks the New Year's Day called Wan Phya Wan. It is a day of great importance. It is
customary to visit the temple early in the morning to take food to the monks, as a form of merit making and
later in the afternoon to return to place small banners, known as Thung, on the top of the stupas built the day
before.
After that, visits to family and relatives are carried out. The gifts during the visit include areca nuts,
clove leaves, turmeric water and acacia oil. Family members ask for forgiveness from their respected elders
for any wrong doings they may have committed throughout the year and to receive their blessings for the
year to come. At the end of this ceremony, a little water is sprinkled onto the hands and heads of the old
people as a blessing and then quite a lot is thrown at the rest of the family in anticipation of the water wars
that are to follow.
Traditionally water should be thrown on April 16 but nowadays it is not unusual for water to be thrown
throughout the whole of the Songkran festival. Armed with high-powered water pistols, bowls, buckets or
anything that will hold water revelers gather on the streets to throw water at one another. Even the
policemen directing traffic are not spared. Each and every participant is expected to receive the 'blessing'
with good humor.
If you want to stay dry and still do not want to miss the fun, you can always view the scene from inside
an air-conditioned tourist bus - just remember not to open the windows.
To attract tourists, other activities are held in big cities. These include the sand-stupa building contests,
local cultural performances and Miss Songkran Beauty Queen Contests. Demonstrations of Thai cooking
and handicraft making are also held at well-known hotels in cities like Bangkok.
1. According to the passage, the Songkran Festival ______.
A. varies in length across the areas in Thailand
B. is celebrated when everyone is awakened
C. marks the beginning of a new lunar year
D. takes place mainly on April 13
2. The word "scrupulously" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. carefully B. honestly C. frankly D. completely
3. The word "harsh" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. angry B. extreme C. unkind D. unenjoyable
4. Why do people have to carry a fistful of sand with them when visiting the temple?
A. To drive away the evil spirit
B. To remind them to avoid quarreling
C. To make up for the dirt brought away
D. To help make the stupa-shaped piles there
5. The word "sculpted" in the passage mostly means ______.
A. cooked B. formed C. taken D. brought
6. According to the passage, when do people bring food to the monks at the temple?
A. On the first day of the festival B. On the second day of the festival
C. On the third day of the festival D. On the fourth day of the festival
7. What often happens at the visits to family and relatives?
A. The elders tell the other family members the wrong doings they made.
B. The elders have a lot of water thrown at them as a blessing.
C. The water wars take place before the blessing exchange.
D. The wrong doings of family members are confessed to the elders.
8. The word "they" in the passage refers to ______.
A. blessings B. respected elders
C. family members D. gifts
9. According to the passage, the water wars ______.
A. only take place on April 16
B. should exclude policemen
C. can be seen throughout the festival
D. require participants to have good humour
10. According to the passage, all of the following have been done to attract tourists to the festival EXCEPT
______.
A. competitions of building sand-stupa
B. restricting throwing water at tourists on the bus
C. beauty contests bearing the name of the festival
D. holding demonstrations of Thai cuisines and handicraft.
IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
1. I regret missing the opening ceremony of the ASEAN GAMES last night.
A. I wish I could miss the opening ceremony of the ASEAN GAMES last night.
B. I wish I did not miss opening ceremony of the ASEAN GAMES last night.
C. I wish to miss opening ceremony of the ASEAN GAMES last night.
D. I wish I had not missed opening ceremony of the ASEAN GAMES last night.
2. Lucy is excited about meeting her new pen pal from Thailand.
A. Lucy can't wait to meet her new pen pal from Thailand.
B. Lucy is waiting to meet her new pen pal from Thailand.
C. Lucy is excited that her new pen pal from Thailand is waiting for her.
D. Lucy can't bear meeting her new pen pal from Thailand.
3. Our group managed to deliver a presentation on ASEAN yesterday.
A. Our group found a manager to deliver a presentation on ASEAN yesterday.
B. Our group succeeded in delivering a presentation on ASEAN yesterday.
C. A presentation on ASEAN was delivered to the manager of our group yesterday.
D. The delivery of our presentation on ASEAN was managed yesterday.
4. Perhaps Vietnam will defeat Thailand in the football final of the ASEAN game.
A. Vietnam must defeat Thailand in the football final of the ASEAN game.
B. Vietnam may probably defeat Thailand in the football final of the ASEAN game.
C. Vietnam should have defeated Thailand in the football final of the ASEAN game.
D. Vietnam can't have defeated Thailand in the football final of the ASEAN game.
5. It is unnecessary to apply for a visa to enter Singapore.
A. There is no point in applying for a visa to enter Singapore.
B. It's hopeless to apply for a visa to enter Singapore.
C. You should not have to apply for a visa to enter Singapore.
D. You don't need to apply for a visa to enter Singapore.
X. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
given.
1. Han was so busy surfing the Net for information about ASEAN members. He did not hear his Mom call.
A. Being busy surfing the Net for information about ASEAN members, Han did not hear his Mom call.
B. Han was so busy surfing the Net for information about ASEAN members, but he did not hear his
Mom call.
C. Having not heard his Mom call, Han was so busy surfing the Net for information about ASEAN
members.
D. Han was so busy surfing the Net for information about ASEAN members, or he did not hear his Mom
call.
2. Michelle likes travelling to Vietnam very much. She made a lot of friends while travelling there.
A. Michelle likes travelling to Vietnam very much because she wants to make a lot of friends while
travelling there.
B. Michelle really likes travelling to Vietnam where she made a lot of friends while travelling.
C. Michelle likes travelling to Vietnam very much, but she made a lot of friends while travelling there.
D. Michelle likes travelling to Vietnam very much in spite of making a lot of friends while travelling
there.
3. ASEAN is an international organization. It consists of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia.
A. ASEAN is an international organization, so it consists of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia.
B. An international organization which consists of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia is called
ASEAN.
C. ASEAN is an international organization, consisting of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia.
D. ASEAN is an international organization having consisted of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia.
4. The students look forward to participating in the activities. They are arranged by the ASEAN volunteer
program.
A. The students look forward to arranging the activities together with the ASEAN volunteer program.
B. The students look forward to participating in the activities arranged by the ASEAN volunteer
program.
C. The students, arranged by the ASEAN volunteer program, look forward to participating in the
activities.
D. The students look forward to participating in ASEAN volunteer program that arrange the activities.
5. More and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying English. They recognize the importance of the
language.
A. As more and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying English, they recognize the importance of the
language.
B. Seeing the importance of English, more and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying the language.
C. More and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying English, but they recognize the importance of the
language.
D. More and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying English, or they recognize the importance of the
language.
Unit 6: GLOBAL WARMING

1. A. famine B. absorb C. admit D. global
2. A. capture B. transport C. atmosphere D. carbon
3. A. admit B. emit C. climate D. injure
4. A. infectious B. emission C. measure D. shortage
5. A. reduces B. diseases C. changes D. captures
1. A. carbon B. conjure C. worldwide D. absorb
2. A. balance B. capture C. release D. harvest
3. A. infectious B. numerous C. supporting D. contribute
4. A. atmospheric B. fertilizer C. ecological D. catastrophic
5. A. disrupted B. develop C. confession D. atmosphere
III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
1. As emissions increase, it trap more heat in the atmosphere, leading to a period of unprecedented
A B C D
warming.
2. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the average temperature has raised by about 0.8°C and
A B C
this has far-reaching consequences.
D
3. It is claimed by scientists that climate change will affect the frequency and tension of
A B C
extreme events.
D
4. Global warming is a global emergency although it has caused abnormal climate change.
A B C D
5. In late October of 2012, the U.S. was struck by a devastated Atlantic storm in Hurricane Sandy,
A B
which was the deadliest and costliest to hit there that year.
C D
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. Many species are now ______danger of being extinct as a result of deforestation and habitat loss.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
2. The rainforests around the world are ______ threat of deforestation.
A. in B. by C. under D. on
3. To solve the problems of pollution, it is important to identify the ______ of it.
A. reasons B. purpose C. causes D. facts
4. The rivers in the local area are heavily polluted ______ wastes released from nearby factories.
A. from B. with C. of D. in
5. Animal ______ are being destroyed by human activities.
A. places B. habitats C. shelter D. accommodation
6. Global warming is among many factors that drive many species of animals to the ______ of extinction.
A. verge B. period C. corner D. bottom
7. The loss of biodiversity has a serious ______ on the survival of wildlife and humans.
A. affect B. problem C. impact D. influential
8. The success of wildlife preservation depends largely ______ people's awareness.
A. with B. of C. on D. by
9. Humans should try to maintain biodiversity as they ______ a lot from it.
A. achieve B. keep C. benefit D. attain
10. Many of our medicines are derived ______ animals and plants.
A. of B. from C. by D. to
11. Forests ______ humans with many valuable things.
A. give B. provide C. award D. bring
12. Many measures have been taken to ______ people's awareness of conservation.
A. increase B. rise C. promote D. raise
13. More wildlife ______ need to be built to save animals from extinction.
A. zoos B. parks C. reserves D. regions
14. Global warming can ______ the ecological balance, bringing about terrible consequences.
A. destroy B. upset C. converse D. injure
15. When can all animals be ______ from disappearance?
A. protected B. covered C. rescued D. poached
16. In regions of volcanoes, houses should be built with ______ materials.
A. destroyed B. destructible C. indestructible D. destroying
17. Toxic chemicals from factories are seriously ______.
A. contaminate B. contamination C. contaminated D. contaminating
18. It has been proven that humans and animals are ______ and that one's existence must be closely linked
with that of the other.
A. interdependent B. independent C. dependable D. dependent
19. ______ are trying to put a stop to the destruction of forests.
A. Conservation B. Conservationists
C. Conserve D. Conservatives
20. Conservation is a challenging job but we cannot ______.
A. give it on B. give it up C. put it on D. take it up
21. ______ of his job as a forester is to take care of these trees.
A. Part B. Half C. Most D. All
22. What needs to be done to save the animals that are ______ to extinction?
A. going B. nearly C. next D. close
23. ______ is one of the causes of the extinction of the rhinos.
A. Losing habitat B. Habitat losing C. Lost of habitat D. Habitat loss
24. Powdered rhino horn is said to be able to ______ people of their fever.
A. treat B. cure C. save D. rescue
25. There is a decline ______ the number of all these endangered species.
A. on B. by C. in D. with
26. A lot of ______ have been taken to reduce global warming and its consequences.
A. ways B. methods C. rules D. measures
27. People think they can make a ______ with rhino horns.
A. fortune B. wealth C. property D. riches
28. Jack has decided to ______ the time he spends watching television, thinking he can contribute to
reducing global warming effects.
A. run out of B. cut down on C. go in for D. come up with
29. - "I have thought of a way to save energy around the house!"" ______!"
A. Best wishes B. My dear C. Well done D. That's very well
30. - " ______ " - "All right then, if you insist."
A. She did it right then.
B. Are you sure you won't come for a drink with us?
C. What seems to be the trouble?
D. Everything was all right at the party, wasn't it?
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
1. The company admitted to discharging a lot of waste to the local river and was willing to take
responsibility for it.
A. denied B. addressed C. confessed D. threatened
2. Environmentalists fear that, if completed, the hydro-electric dam will severely disrupt the Danube
ecosystem.
A. upset B. benefit C. affect D. improve
3. Introducing a new species to the area may be injurious to the local eco-system.
A. beneficial B. unpredictable C. harmful D. annoying
4. The recent draught has led hundreds of victims to be famish and in terrible conditions.
A. extremely hungry B. in misery
C. completely senseless D. in debt
5. There were many differences of opinion regarding how contagious measles was and how it was
transmitted.
A. dangerous B. infectious C. mysterious D. measurable
Despite the wealth of information campaigns telling people about global warming and its causes, most
people have yet to realize how severe the problem is. Coming climate changes could alter as (1) ______ as
one third of plant and animal habitats (2) ______ the end of the 22 nd century. These changes could in (3)
______ cause widespread extinctions among plant and animal (4) ______ around the globe.
Coastal and island habitats are perhaps in the greatest danger (5) ______ they face the combined threats
of warming oceans and rising sea (6) ______. As habitats change, many animals will come (7) ______
intense pressure to find more suitable homes for themselves. Mass (8) ______ of at least some animals are
certainly to be expected, but the fact remains that many animals will simply not be able to move fast
enough.
Such dire predictions may sound alarmist, but they are based on the rather moderate estimate that the
amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by 2100. Many scientists believe, however, that this
figure is actually very conservative, and they claim that a tripling is (9) ______ more realistic. If they are
(10) ______, the effects on nature will be even more dramatic.
1. A. well B. much C. long D. far
2. A. at B. until C. by D. since
3. A. turn B. order C. result D. line
4. A. types B. categories C. genres D. species
5. A. although B. providing C. since D. therefore
6. A. heights B. levels C. extents D. tides
7. A. from B. across C. under D. by
8. A. migrations B. onslaught C. emigration D. extinctions
9. A. far B. quite C. really D. almost
10. A. precise B. true C. exact D. correct
The greenhouse effect is always reported as being a negative consequence of current human lifestyle
practices. However there certainly have been numerous suggestions of positive consequences of the
greenhouse effect.
A slight temperature increase in some of the colder parts of the world may improve conditions for
agriculture and changing rainfall patterns may favor some species over others. However, they do not
balance with overall negative impacts. The social, economic and ecological disorders brought about by such
climatic changes worldwide are projected to greatly outweigh regional benefits.
The impacts of global warming and climate change could become a source of increased tension
between nations and regions. While the developed, industrialized world is responsible for 75% of all CO 2
emissions, these impacts will most likely hit hardest upon the poorer, underdeveloped parts of the world.
For example, as sea levels rise countries like Bangladesh will suffer much more from the loss of valuable
and populated lands than European or North American countries, even though they have emitted only a tiny
fraction of the greenhouse gases.
The effect of drowning coastlines could lead to hundreds of millions of climate refugees. Where will
these refugees go? How will they be cared for? Undoubtedly, such a disaster will seriously worsen the
already critical refugee problem in the world. A severe disorder of the world's food supplies through floods,
droughts, crop failures and diseases brought about by climate change would lead to famines, wars and civil
disorder in many countries.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Greenhouse effect brings us more benefits than negative impacts.
B. Greenhouse effect brings us more negative impacts than benefits.
C. Current reports on the greenhouse effect are not accurate.
D. Reports should focus on suggestions of positions consequences of the greenhouse effect.
2. Which of the following will suffer most from the impacts of climate change?
A. The developed countries
B. The developing countries
C. The countries with valuable and populated lands
D. European or North American countries
3. Why will there be an increased tension between countries?
A. The developed countries are a source of disasters upon the underdeveloped countries.
B. The developed countries head lots of climate refugees to the underdeveloped countries.
C. The developed countries will suffer more than the underdeveloped countries.
D. The European or North American countries will lose more valuable and populated lands.
4. The word "tiny" in the passage is closest in meaning to .
A. large B. small C. much D. considerable
5. According to the passage, climate change will result in all of the following EXCEPT .
A. coastline disorder B. refugee problem
C. famine D. crop failure
El Nino and La Nina
Typically, Pacific trade winds blow from east to west, transporting warm surface waters westward, east
of Indonesia and northeast of Australia. Thus, the water maintains a cold temperature for much of the year.
This is achieved by an upwelling of cold deep ocean-water, which benefits fisheries in the Pacific Ocean
lying near the equator. However, these trade winds sometimes lose or gain strength in the Northern
Hemisphere. This leads to an effect known as the Southern Oscillation which refers to the two recurring
weather patterns of El Nino and La Nina.
El Nino, meaning the "boy," is the phenomenon that results in the temperature of the sea surface off the
coast of Peru increasing. This condition typically lasts for at least six months. Thus, there is a reduction in
dissolved oxygen in the ocean so marine life declines devastating fisheries. It also fuels major differences in
air pressure near the Pacific Ocean, which in turn leads to more severe weather events including droughts,
increased precipitation, flooding, and even cyclonic storms like hurricanes. Usually, the eastern Pacific
region has an upswing in heavy rains to cause flooding, and in contrast, Australia and Indonesia have
droughts, often with accompanying forest fires. These two opposing weather events hurt agriculture. For
instance, the 1982 — 1983 El Nino, recognized as the worst weather event of the century, hit hard in the
U.S. by dropping huge amounts of rainfall on the southern California coast, which resulted in millions of
dollars of damage while necessitating the evacuation of 10,000 people.
El Nino counterpart, La Nina, meaning "the girl," contrastingly forms when Pacific trade winds grow
more powerful than usual. It is the result of the cooler-than-average temperatures of South American
equatorial surface waters which cause global cooling. La Nina's duration usually lasts for 9 to 12 months
and although forming in the Pacific region, it can wreak havoc across large swaths of the world. During the
winter months, the western Pacific areas including Australia, Malaysia, and the Philippines have much
greater rainfall. Conversely, unusually dry conditions settle in over North America's Gulf Coast and large
sections of South and Central America as well. Additionally, in the Canadian and American West, there is a
cooling effect.
By studying the patterns of the El Nino and La Nina cycles, meteorologists have come to better
understand their impacts on global weather phenomena. They are thus better able to make predictions
especially in terms of not only the strength of each stage, but also when either will fizzle out or begin again,
allowing governments to better prepare for floods and droughts which come with each cycle and to prevent
billions of dollars in losses and damage. Thereby, the areas under their influence need accurate forecasts to
reduce the wide-reaching effects these phenomena have across many facets of both the environment and the
economy.
1. The word "upwelling" in the passage most likely means ________.
A. climbing B. surging C. rising D. fluctuating
2. Which of the following is stated in paragraph 1 ?
A. Cold water is conducive to marine life and beneficial to the fishing industry
B. El Nino and La Nina are yearly recurrences affecting the Earth's climate and weather systems
C. Some regions in Indonesia and Austria are often damaged by the Southern Oscillation.
D. Trade winds blow to the east across the Pacific ocean cooling ocean temperatures.
3. Why are droughts, increased precipitation, flooding, and even cyclonic storms mentioned?
A. To compare the damage in the eastern and western Pacific regions
B. To name some of the devastating results of El Nino
C. To contrast the power between El Nino and La Nina
D. To show that there are worse outcomes compared to a difference in air pressure
4. The word "fuels" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. decreases B. increases C. supplies D. distinguishes
5. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that ________.
A. one El Nino event can be expected to last at least half a year
B. Pacific trade winds that cause El Nino are weaker than ones that cause La Nina
C. El Nino is caused by a rise in water temperatures off Peru's shores
D. marine life is affected by lowered oceanic oxygen levels
6. The words "wreak havoc" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. bring benefits B. blow winds C. release heat D. cause damage
7. The word "They" in the passage refers to ________.
A. the El Nino and La Nina cycles B. meteorologists
C. global weather phenomena D. governments
8. The main purpose in paragraph 4 is to ________.
A. show the detrimental effects the El Nino and La Nina cycles have on the art of weather prediction
B. refute the idea that predictions are far too costly given their limited applications
C. demonstrate the importance of predicting the patterns of the Southern Oscillation
D. emphasize the excellence of the current scientific technology used in prediction
9. According to the passage, all of the following are mentioned EXCEPT ________.
A. the equatorial region in the Pacific Ocean in which the circulation of cold water mostly occurs
B. meteorologists' capability to forecast the strength of cyclonic storms
C. Malaysia's higher levels of precipitation in winter when there is a La Nina
D. experts' prediction power to state when each cycle of El Nino and La Nina will start and stop
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. More government money will be spent on technology to better predict the phenomena and save money
in the long run.
B. Global warming will change the patterns of El Nino and La Nina in a few years.
C. Countries whose economy is largely dependent upon fishing would place a higher value on prediction
than countries which rely primarily upon agriculture.
D. The government of Peru pays more attention to monitoring ocean temperatures than other countries
do.
1. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.
A. Deforestation and loss of habitat threaten many species so that they will become extinct.
B. Many species lost their habitat because of deforestation and now they are extinct.
C. Deforestation and loss of habitat are driving many species to the verge of extinction.
D. Many species are extinct, so they run the risk of deforestation and loss of habitat.
2. Motor vehicles running on petrol are responsible for a large amount of carbon dioxide emission.
A. Because of releasing a large amount of carbon dioxide, motor vehicles run on petrol.
B. A large amount of carbon dioxide emission results from motor vehicles running on petrol.
C. A large amount of carbon dioxide emission causes motor vehicles to run on petrol.
D. Emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide is one of the responsibilities of motor vehicles running on
petrol.
3. Global warming has proven truly catastrophic for the environment.
A. The environment has been made catastrophic by global warming.
B. It is true that global warming is a catastrophe caused by the environment.
C. It has been proven that global warming is harmful to the environment.
D. The environment has been truly dangerous because of global warming.
4. The alarming rate of deforestation results in damage to the quality of the land.
A. It is alarming that deforestation damages the quality of the land.
B. The quality of the land deteriorates as the result of the alarming rate of deforestation.
C. The alarming rate of deforestation results from damage to the quality of the land.
D. The damage to the quality of the land is to blame for the alarming rate of deforestation.
5. Not many people are aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
A. People are totally unaware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
B. People are fully aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
C. The dangers of plastic bags to the environment came to the attention of only a few.
D. It is time that people were aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
given.
1. The company had dumped large amounts of waste into the river. It was strongly criticized for that.
A. Having been strongly criticized, the company dumped large amounts of waste into the river.
B. The company had dumped large amounts of waste into the river, which was strongly criticized.
C. Dumping large amounts of waste into the river is critical to the company's strength.
D. The company was strongly criticized for having dumped large amounts of waste into the river.
2. Electronic devices use energy. They do it even when they are turned off
A. Even when turned off, electric devices use energy.
B. Electronic devices use energy unless they are turned off.
C. Because of their energy use, electronic devices are turned off.
D. In spite of their energy use, electronic devices are turned off.
3. There are some ways to help reduce global warming. Cutting down energy use is one of them.
A. Cutting down energy use is the only way to reduce global warming.
B. Global warming is among many ways to cut down energy use.
C. Helping reduce global warming is a way to cut down energy use.
D. Cutting down energy use is one of the ways to reduce global warming.
4. Jonas had come up with a way to help save energy used in class. His classmates admired him for that.
A. Having come up with a way to help save energy used in class, his classmates admired Jonas.
B. Having come up with a way to help save energy used in class, Jonas earned his classmates' admiration.
C. Jonas admired his classmates for having come up with a way to help save energy used in class.
D. Being admired by his classmates, Jonas came up with a way to help save energy used in class.
5. Sara's classmates said that she littered on the school yard. She denied it.
A. Sara denied having littered on the school yard.
B. Sara denied her friends' littering on the school yard.
C. Having littered on the school yard, Sara's classmates denied it.
D. As Sara denied it, her classmates said that she littered on the school yard.
Unit 7: FURTHER EDUCATION

1. A. distance B. mandatory C. doctorate D. major
2. A. college B. credit C. degree D. respective
3. A. passion B. collaboration C. analyse D. exchange
4. A. based B. pursued C. applied D. arranged
5. A. modes B. colleges C. distances D. enriches
1. A. decide B. major C. broaden D. practice
2. A. flexible B. junior C. critical D. dependent
3. A. mathematical B. collaboration C. educational D. opportunity
4. A. entrance B. subject C. degree D. native
5. A. alternative B. appreciate C. mandatory D. respectively
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
1. One of the most famous and respectable learners of the country is said to have found this school.
A B C D
2. As soon as the singer came onto the stage, there had been a round of applause.
A B C D
3. There are more than two hundred applications for this job vacancy, and most of them can speak
A B C D
English very well.
4. The interviewer told me which university in the U.K. I had graduated from.
A B C D
5. He would have sent you a post card when he is on holiday abroad if he had had your address.
A B CD
1. Although he was completely ______ as a furniture maker, he produced the most beautiful chairs.
A. unable B. untrained C. incapable D. uneducated
2. In recent years, schools have become more involved with students' emotional welfare as well as their
______ achievement.
A. academic B. intellectual C. scholar D. studious
3. Students who complete the program receive a skills ______ along with their high school diploma.
A. certificate B. degree C. permit D. certification
4. He has several years of experience of ______ interviews with potential students.
A. making B. conducting C. performing D. having
5. The manager did not offer her the job because of her untidy ______.
A. personality B. demeanor C. feature D. appearance
6. There should be no discrimination on ______ of sex, race or religion.
A. fields B. places C. areas D. grounds
7. He felt ______ when he failed the exams the second time.
A. discouraged B. annoyed C. undecided D. determined
8. Although ______ education is compulsory in England, parents are not required to send their children to
state schools.
A. higher B. further C. secondary D. formal
9. Higher education is a continuing ______ process.
A. developing B. developed C. development D. developmental
10. Journalists sometimes wear ______ clothes to fit in well with the situation in which they are working.
A. ordinary B. common C. habitual D. casual
11. My job now is not ______ to what I was majored in at university.
A. devoted B. related C. supposed D. belonging
12. The salesman gave me a kind of detergent which I ______ before.
A. had not used B. did not use C. was not using D. have never used
13. There are not many ______ courses in the last two years at university. Most of them are compulsory.
A. required B. optional C. preferred D. additional
14. It is ______ to wear uniform to most high school nowadays.
A. obliged B. obliging C. obligational D. obligatory
15. When it comes to children's schooling problems, both parents have to ______ responsibility.
A. get B. respond C. compel D. take
16. Students who want to continue their ______ education in the UK are expected to take A-level course.
A. high B. tertiary C. secondary D. post-graduate
17. The professor of this course asked for ______ attendance in his lectures; no student could be absent.
A. equal B. demanding C. compulsory D. obliged
18. Many measures ______ to improve the quality of higher education have been approved by the council.
A. suggesting B. suggested C. which suggest D. having suggested
19. Professor Kimberly ______ three books since 2015, and she's working on her fourth.
A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. has been writing
20. There are two types of education in Vietnam: formal and ______.
A. informal B. mainstream C. non-formal D. in-service
21. Many colleagues admire Kelly because she has found happiness in both ______ and private life.
A. occupational B. professional C. job-related D. working
22. Mary's parents are concerned that her grades are ______ worse this year.
A. markedly B. decisively C. evenly D. expectedly
23. I ______ her for so long a time that I've forgotten what she looks like.
A. hadn't seen B. haven't seen C. didn't see D. haven't been seeing
24. ______ your opinion of the professor is, you must admit that he has a good method of teaching.
A. How B. Whatever C. Whether D. What
25. Peter ______ the book for 4 hours non-stop. He must have found it unputdownable.
A. read B. has read C. was reading D. has been reading
26. His difficulty ______ understanding math result ______ a childhood illness.
A. on/from B. in/from C. with/in D. in / in
27. Where ______ my calculator? I ______ it on the desk a minute ago and now it ______!
A. has been / put I has disappeared B. is / put / has been disappearing
C. is / have put / disappears D. is / put / has disappeared
28. A: "Could I help you with that?"
B:" ______ "
A. Thanks, your compliment is encouraging.
B. Think nothing of it. Why not?
C. That's all right, but thanks anyway. I'm OK.
D. I couldn't agree more! Please!
29. A:" ______ "
B: "You have to obtain the high school diploma."
A. What is the requirement to enter this university?
B. When do we finish high school?
C. I can't wait to obtain the high school diploma.
D. I am trying my best to win a place at university.
30. A: "Tertiary education is the only way to success."
B:" ______ "
A. You know nothing about it. B. That's too bad.
C. I can't agree with you there. D. You must say that again.
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
1. These audio-visual methods have the added advantage of being independent of the availability of the
system.
A. benefit B. drawback C. characteristic D. danger
2. When I was young and idealistic I believed it was possible to change the world.
A. applicable B. energetic C. practical D. thoughtless
3. If you have any comments or suggestions, please let us know - we always appreciate feedback from
friends.
A. depress B. welcome C. disregard D. consider
4. For these elective courses, there are no special entry requirements.
A. exit B. score C. academic D. strict
5. On the whole, further education still plays an important role in the development of any country.
A. Generally B. Specifically C. Essentially D. Surprisingly
An A level is an Advanced level GCE qualification. This exam is (1) ______ taken after two years of A
level study, following the O level/IGCSE exams. Students can take any number of A level exams; in the
UK, most college students take three or four A level exams for their final two years of study. The (2)
______ of A levels to be taken will often depend on the qualifications that the university (3) ______
requires. A level results can open doors to (4) ______ studies at some of the best higher educational
institutions in the world, and to a (5) ______ range of professional and vocational courses that can help
build skills for an exciting and (6) ______ career. In many countries round the world, some schools follow
the GCE syllabus to prepare their pupils for taking A level exams. Students at these schools should enquire
at their school about how they can register and sit (7) ______ the exams. Students who do not (8) ______ a
school that follows the GCE syllabus can still take A level exams and can register as a private individual
with the British Council.
In order to register for an A level exam one will need to (9) ______ an entry form which will become
available at the British Council offices. Forms usually become (10) ______ for January examinations in
early August of the preceding year. For May/June examinations, they are available in early December of the
preceding year.
1. A. normally B. popularly C. largely D. noticeably
2. A. sum B. number C. amount D. quantity
3. A. chosen B. choosing C. to choose D. in choice
4. A. graduate B. postgraduate C. graduating D. undergraduate
5. A. huge B. various C. long D. wide
6. A. daunting B. rewarding C. amazing D. longing
7. A. at B. in C. for D. into
8. A. acquire B. enroll C. attend D. pursue
9. A. achieve B. complete C. obtain D. accomplish
10. A. handful B. accessible C. exchangeable D. available
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which
he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total
work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of
three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or
five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two
semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also
possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is
not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is
available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of
work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to
positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is
usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have
broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers
of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held
one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
1. How many classes each week would a student normally attend at least?
A. 36 B.20 C. 12 D. 15
2. According to paragraph 1, an American student is allowed ______.
A. to live in a different university
B. to take a particular course in a different university
C. to live at home and drive to classes
D. to get two degrees from two different universities
3. American university students are usually under pressure of work because ______.
A. their academic performance will affect their future careers
B. they are heavily involved in student affairs
C. they have to observe university discipline
D. they want to run for positions of authority
4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because ______.
A. they hate the constant pressure strain of their study
B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university
C. such positions help them get better jobs
D. such positions are usually well paid
5. The student organizations seem to be effective in ______.
A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university
B. ensuring that the students observe university regulations
C. evaluating students' performance by bringing them before a court
D. keeping up the students' enthusiasm for social activities
Harvard University, today recognized as part of the top echelon of the world’s universities, came from
very inauspicious and humble beginnings.
This oldest of American universities was founded in 1636, just 16 years after the Pilgrims landed at
Plymouth. Included in the Puritan emigrants to the Massachusetts colony during this period were more than
100 graduates of England’s prestigious Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and these university graduates
in the New World were determined that their sons would have the same educational opportunities that they
themselves had had. Because of this support in the colony for an institution of higher learning, the General
Court of Massachusetts appropriated 400 pounds for a college in October of 1636 and early the following
year decided on a parcel of land for the school; this land was in an area called Newetowne, which was later
renamed Cambridge after its English cousin and is the site of the present-day university.
When a young minister named John Harvard, who came from the neighboring town of Charlestowne,
died from tuberculosis in 1638, he willed half of his estate of 1,700 pounds to the fledgling college. In spite
of the fact that only half of the bequest was actually paid, the General Court named the college after the
minister in appreciation for what he had done. The amount of the bequest may not have been large,
particularly by today’s standards, but it was more than the General Court had found it necessary to
appropriate in order to open the college.
Henry Dunster was appointed the first president of Harvard in 1640, and it should be noted that in
addition to serving as president, he was also the entire faculty, with an entering freshman class of four
students. Although the staff did expand somewhat, for the first century of its existence the entire teaching
staff consisted of the president and three or four tutors.
1. The word "echelon" in the passage could best be replaced by ______.
A. level B. rank C. class D. title
2. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Harvard is one of the world's most prestigious universities.
B. What is today a great university started out small.
C. John Harvard was key to the development of a great university.
D. Harvard University developed under the auspices of the General Court of Massachusetts.
3. It is indicated in the passage that Harvard is ______.
A. one of the oldest universities in the world
B. the oldest university in the world
C. one of the oldest universities in America
D. the oldest university in America
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritans who travelled to Massachusetts colony were ______.
A. rather well-educated
B. rather rich
C. rather supportive of the English government
D. rather undemocratic
5. The pronoun "they" in the passage refers to ______.
A. Oxford and Cambridge Universities B. university graduates
C. sons D. educational opportunities
6. The "English cousin" in the passage refers to a ______.
A. city B. relative C. university D. court
7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about John Harvard?
A. What he died of B. Where he came from
C. Where he was buried D. How much he bequeathed to Harvard
8. The word "fledgling" in the passage could be best replaced by ______.
A. newborn B. flying C. winged D. established
9. It is implied in the passage that ______.
A. Henry Dunster was an ineffective president
B. someone else really served as president of Harvard before Henry Dunster
C. Henry Dunster spent much of his time as president managing the Harvard faculty
D. the position of president of Harvard was not merely an administrative position in the early years
10. Where in the passage does it indicate how much money Minister Harvard was really responsible for
giving to the university?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4
1. You should not have come to class late.
A. I'd rather you didn't come to class late.
B. I would like you not to be late for class.
C. I'd sooner you hadn't come to class late.
D. I would prefer that you come to class on time.
2. You have to finish your homework if you want to go to the party.
A. Finish your homework, and you cannot go to the party.
B. Unless you finish your homework, you can go to the party.
C. Finish your homework, otherwise you can go to the party.
D. Finish your homework, or else you cannot go to the party.
3. Although he was very tired, he agreed to play tennis.
A. Tired as though he was, he agreed to play tennis.
B. Tired though he was, he agreed to play tennis.
C. Tired, he agreed to play tennis.
D. So tired was he that he agreed to play tennis.
4. Thanks for your help, I managed to bring it off.
A. But for your help, I could have managed to bring it off.
B. If it were not for your help, I couldn't manage to bring it off.
C. Had you not helped me, I couldn't have managed to bring it off.
D. Had it not for your help, I could have managed to bring it off.
5. The roof of the house was blown off during the hurricane.
A. The house got the hurricane to blow off its roof.
B. The house had its roof blown off by the hurricane.
C. The house and its roof were blown off by the hurricane.
D. The house was blown off by the hurricane except its roof.
given.
1. The book was written by a famous author. It was not well recognized.
A. The book would not be well recognized if it were written by a famous author.
B. The book was written by a famous author, but it was not well recognized.
C. Due to the famous author, the book was not well recognized.
D. The author who is famous did not recognize the book.
2. He delayed writing the book. He only started to write it until he had done a lot of research.
A. Only after he had done a lot of research did he begin to write the book.
B. He did a lot of research after he finished writing the book.
C. He delayed writing the book as he had already done any research.
D. It was only when he had written the book that he did a lot of research.
3. The man left the key inside the locked house. He could not get into the house.
A. If the man did not lock the house, he could get into it.
B. If the key was not inside the house, the man could get into it.
C. Leaving the key inside the house, the man could get into the house.
D. If the man had not left the key inside the house, he could have got into it.
4. Mary was trying to swim in the sea alone. She should never have been allowed to do so.
A. When Mary left to swim in the sea alone, she said she knew what she was doing.
B. It would probably be wrong to let Mary swim in the sea on her own.
C. No one could have stopped Mary from trying to swim in the sea by herself.
D. Someone ought to have stopped Mary from attempting to swim in the sea on her own.
5. Nina was so nervous. She quit the final round of the competition.
A. Nina was too nervous to join the final round of the competition.
B. Nina quit final round of the competition despite being nervous.
C. Though she was nervous, Nina quit the final round of the competition.
D. Having quit the final round of the competition, Nina felt nervous.
Unit 8: OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES

1. A. intact B. dynasty C. excavation D. citadel
2. A. abundant B. subsequent C. luxury D. numerous
3. A. relic B. complex C. heritage D. imperial
4. A. grotto B. complex C. forgettable D. archeological
5. A. limestone B. geographical C. heritage D. citadel
1. A. relic B. intact C. complex D. grotto
2. A. subsequent B. heritage C. abundant D. luxury
3. A. geographical B. mausoleum C. unforgettable D. imperial
4. A. underground B. distinctive C. numerous D. dynasty
5. A. flora B. scenic C. tower D. preserved
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
1. The Japanese Bridge which built in the early 1600's became a main tourist attraction
A B C
in central Vietnam.
D
2. Tourists should be told to avoid buying relics that illegally removed from protected heritage sites.
A B C D
3. We couldn't wait to pay a visit to the temple which located on the river bank.
A B C D
4. Most visitors were so fascinated to go on a tour around an ancient house overlooked the river in
A B C D
the town of Hoi An.
5. To the visitors' relief, the ancient houses to be destroyed by the fire are now under reconstruction.
A B C D
1. My friends proposed _______ a holiday in Ha Long Bay for a change.
A. to take B. taking C. on taking D. of taking
2. Everything _______, they decide not to acknowledge the site as a world heritage site as it is not so well-
qualified.
A. is considered B. be considered C. considered D. to be considered
3. Tourists should be held _______ for the damage they have caused to the archeological site.
A. accountable B. guilty C. charged D. blamed
4. It is highly _______ that factories should be moved to the suburbs to reduce the pollution rate in the
cities.
A. desirous B. desirable C. desired D. desiring
5. Mass tourism is now a growing _______ to the preservation of historical places in most countries.
A. hazard B. threat C. peril D. risk
6. The students only go to visit the archeological site _______ now and then.
A. each B. all C. any D. every
7. The tour of the cave and grotto system is the main _______ for tourists in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National
Park.
A. attractive B. attractiveness C. attract D. attraction
8. Hoi An Ancient Town is quite special among the heritage sites because it is in a good state of _______.
A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preservatives
9. After many years, the archaeological _______ has finally led to the discovery of the ancient village.
A. excursion B. excavation C. evacuation D. execution
10. Which is the first place in Vietnam _______ as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO?
A. to recognize B. recognizing
C. to be recognized D. having been recognized
11. We were lucky to get a map _______ the way to the archeological site.
A. showed B. showing C. to be shown D. being shown
12. In the afternoon, the tourist will take a boat trip to the ancient temple _______ on the river bank.
A. locating B. which located C. located D. was located
13. Cable cars are moved by cables _______ underground and are powered by a stationary engine.
A. they run B. run C. running D. that runs
14. The World Heritage Site is famous for its _______ features and cultural values.
A. geography B. geographical C. geothermal D. geological
15. Prices for the _______ to are based on flights from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi.
A. schedules B. schemes C. timetables D. itineraries
16. Ha Long Bay cuisine is famous _______ its fresh and diverse seafoods.
A. as B. to C. for D. at
17. Tourists can have a lot to do and see in Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex at a(n) _______ price.
A. adequate B. average C. cheap D. reasonable
18. _______ twice, the postman refused to deliver our mails unless we chained our dog up.
A. Being bitten B. Having been bitten
C. Having bitten D. Had been bitten
19. There is not much time left, so tell me about it _______.
A. in condense B. in detail C. in all D. in brief
20. We will set out at 9 o'clock if it _______ raining by then.
A. will stop B. stops C. has stopped D. will have stopped
21. Since he is often ignored by his colleagues, he _______ has the opportunity to demonstrate his ability.
A. frequently B. obviously C. rarely D. apparently
22. The policeman stopped my car because the engine _______ heavy smoke.
A. gave off B. gave up C. gave out D. gave away
23. The taxi _______ us to Ha Long Bay broke down and we reached the site two hours late.
A. taken B. taking C. to take D. having taken
24. To ask for more information about the trip to Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, you can contact the agency
_______ Saigon Tourist.
A. named B. naming C. to have named D. to name
25. Some of the tourists _______ to visit Trang An Complex could not depart as scheduled.
A. planned B. planning C. to plan D. to have planned
26. Life has become much easier for people _______ near the world heritage sites because there are more
and better paid jobs there.
A. lived B. to live C. living D. to have lived
27. If only I _______ the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture on My Son sanctuary.
A. had read B. would have read C. have read D. have been reading
28. His History teacher recommends that he _______ a project on World Heritage Sites.
A. start B. starts C. must start D. is starting
29. - A:" _______ " B: "That's a good idea."
A. Why not take a trip to the Citadel in Hue this summer holiday?
B. What happened to the Citadel in Hue after the storm?
C. Have you heard about the Citadel in Hue?
D. How can we book a tour to the Citadel in Hue this summer holiday?
30. - A: "Each of us should join hand to protect the World Heritage Sites."
- B:" _______ "
A. I can't do it. B. I totally agree. C. That's not true. D. That's too bad.
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
1. The heritage site is famous for both its cultural beauty and natural integrity.
A. completeness B. resources C. importance D. characteristics
2. Visiting the heritage site, tourists will notice a mix of eastern and western cultures.
A. contrast B. combination C. difference D. similarity
3. The film festival is acknowledged by the public as an event of international importance.
A. accused B. rejected C. recognized D. realized
4. Thirteen people helped Michelangelo create his masterpiece on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
A. an outdated product B. an outstanding work
C. a beautiful song D. a persuasive speech
5. Winter visitors to the heritage site probably arrive in November, sometimes October, and are most
numerous in November and December.
A. in small numbers B. infrequent
C. excited D. in large numbers
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has issued a stark warning about the future of the world's natural
World Heritage sites. It says half of the sites are at (1) _______ from different industries. The WWF warned
that harmful industrial (2) _______ such as mining, dredging or drilling for oil are endangering the future of
114 of 229 sites. (3) _______ factors adding to the risk include illegal logging and unsustainable water use.
All of these are in addition to the damage being (4) _______ by climate change. The WWF says the sites
affected include Australia's Great Barrier Reef, the Grand Canyon National Park in the USA, and China's
Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries, which are home (5) _______ more than 30 per cent of the world's
endangered pandas.
The director of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre said it was (6) _______ everyone to protect these
sites. She said: "World Heritage is humankind's (7) _______ heritage, and the responsibility for its
conservation is shared by everyone." She welcomed government efforts at reducing what they take from the
Earth, saying: "The WWF's report comes at a time (8) _______ governments and the private sector around
the world are stepping up their action against harmful extractive uses." However, the WWF said that more
than 11 million people worldwide (9) _______ on World Heritage sites for food, water, shelter jobs and
medicine, and that non-stop development could harm (10) _______ as well as the environment.
1. A. danger B. risk C. threat D. harm
2. A. actions B. activists C. activities D. acts
3. A. Other B. Others C. Another D. The other
4. A. made B. brought C. done D. taken
5. A. by B. to C. of D. for
6. A. in for B. up on C. up with D. up to
7. A. similar B. regular C. customary D. common
8. A. which B. where C. that D. when
9. A. decide B. influence C. insist D. rely
10. A. liveliness B. livelihoods C. living D. life
In 1959, the government of Egypt was working on a plan to build a dam on the River Nile. It was called
the Aswan Dam, and it was intended to generate electricity and allow the river water to be used for
agriculture. There was one big problem with the plan, though. The dam would flood a nearby valley that
contained ancient Egyptian treasures, including two enormous stone temples.
It can be difficult for governments to choose culture and history over economics. However, if countries
always made decisions like this, the majority of the world's ancient sites would end up being destroyed.
Luckily, UNESCO stepped in. They formed a committee that tried to convince Egypt to protect its ancient
treasures. With support from many countries, they were finally successful. The huge temples were carefully
removed from their original site and moved to a safe location so that the dam could be built.
UNESCO is an agency of the United Nations. The United Nations is a partnership between countries
from all over the world. They are joined to help promote world peace, enforce human rights, and help
countries develop. UNESCO is a part of the United Nations that is concerned with science and culture.
After their success in saving the temples in Egypt, UNESCO went on to save more sites around the
world. They protected lagoons in Venice, ruins in Pakistan, and temples in Indonesia. With industrialization
changing the world rapidly, there were many sites that needed to be saved. Eventually, UNESCO formed
the World Heritage Organization to protect important natural and historic sites wherever it was necessary.
By now, the World Heritage Organization has protected hundreds of sites ranging from beautiful
natural islands to buildings in large cities to ancient ruins. If you're able to visit any of the many protected
sites, you'll agree it was worth it.
1. Why did UNESCO get involved in Egypt ?
A. Egypt was planning to build a dam that would harm ancient temples.
B. Egypt was planning to build a valley for agriculture and electricity.
C. Egypt was planning to create a dam right on top of an ancient temple.
D. When the dam flooded a valley, several treasures were discovered.
2. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 2?
A. Most governments prefer to sell their treasures.
B. Money sometimes seems more important than all other things.
C. Governments are never able to consider two things at once.
D. Governments usually don't know anything about their culture.
3. The United Nations would probably not be involved in _______.
A. helping a poor country improve its agriculture
B. trying to solve a violent conflict between two nations
C. developing a new spacecraft for travel to the moon
D. protesting against the killing of the tribes people of a country
4. The word "Eventually" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. firstly B. reasonably C. finally D. seriously
5. Why is the World Heritage Organization more important now than it would have been years ago?
A. Countries didn't cooperate in the past.
B. Cities were smaller back then.
C. There were not as many interesting sites 200 years ago.
D. Modern business and production are changing the world.
Welcome to Trang An, Vietnam’s newest UNESCO World Heritage Site, a place where the water is
crystal clear and pink flowers bloom along the shallows. Temples rest on a precipice of rock and water.
Here, for 30,000 years, people have lived amongst these limestone giants. To the unfamiliar, this area is a
maze of confusing waterways and impassable hills, a place where one could easily disappear from the
world. However, to the emperors of the 10th and 11th centuries, this was the ideal setting for a capital city
where the inhabitants could be controlled and enemies rebuffed.
This combination of stunning natural beauty and ancient history has led Trang An to be recognised as
Vietnam’s eighth World Heritage Site. Unlike the previous seven, Trang An is notable for being the only
UNESCO site in Vietnam to be classified for both its cultural beauty and natural integrity.
At the ticket office, we are met by the sight of thousands of wooden boats bobbing along the shoreline.
Stepping gingerly into the closest dinghy, we are greeted by a young woman whose ability to paddle three
adults - all in the midst of Christmas feasting - for three straight hours left me in awe of her strength. What
followed was a string of beautiful caves of varying heights and lengths, interspersed with scenes of a
peaceful beauty that can be hard to come by in Vietnam.
Dubbed ‘Ha Long Bay on land’, Trang An’s landscape is reminiscent of its coastal World Heritage
neighbour. Dominated by similar karst geography, Ha Long Bay and Trang An both provide a stunning
backdrop to a tranquil boat cruise. Unlike Ha Long, however, the boats at Trang An are small, seating no
more than five adults, and weekday crowds are minimal. We emerged from a particularly low cave opening
and into a small cove ringed by flowering reeds and waterlilies. The steep limestone cliffs block all outside
sounds. Underwater reeds stand tall in the clear water beneath our boat, their green spongy limbs waving
gently in the current as we paddle past. Brown-and-gold fish dart between grass, their scales glinting in the
sunlight, before plunging into the shadows of the towering hills above. Water movement is imperceptible,
with the steep hillsides, plunging valleys and clear sky mirrored in its glassy surface. It is as though a
parallel world of deep crevices and underwater mountains exists just below our feet.
A parallel world does, in fact, describe how it seemed as we floated through the caves of Trang An. The
journey through the first hollow felt like stepping through the back of the wardrobe and entering Narnia. We
were suddenly transported into a beautiful, magical world. So at odds with the industrial limestone factories
that dominate the Ninh Binh landscape, this small pocket of serenity is surprising.
With more and more visitors flocking to Vietnam’s World Heritage Sites, I worry that Trang An will
suffer the consequences of unchecked mass tourism. We can only hope that tourism officials will learn from
the experiences of other popular tourist destinations and ensure that this place remains as close to paradise
as it was on our visit.
1. In paragraph 1, Trang An can be described as all of the following EXCEPT _______.
A. an escape from the daily world B. a location with scenic beauty
C. a place for religious practices D. a financial center of ancient Vietnam
2. The word "rebuffed" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. prevented B. welcomed C. protected D. denied
3. Which makes Trang An unique among other World Heritage Sites in Vietnam?
A. It has to be accessed by wooden boat.
B. It was recognized for both natural and cultural values.
C. It is a maze of confusing waterways and impassable hills.
D. It offers string of beautiful caves of varying heights and lengths.
4. The word "gingerly" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. noisily B. cautiously C. strongly D. confidently
5. The word "that" in the passage refers to _______.
A. strength B. lengths C. beauty D. caves
6. What can be inferred in paragraph 4 about Ha Long Bay?
A. The boats there are bigger. B. It has no caves at all.
C. It is called "Trang An in water". D. It does not offer boat cruise.
7. Which of the following is true about Trang An according to paragraph 4?
A. The water movement at Trang An can be heard easily.
B. The underwater reeds are vulnerable beneath the boats.
C. The water at Trang An is empty of living animals.
D. The site is peaceful and almost soundproofed from the outside.
8. The word "serenity" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. tranquility B. industrialization C. magic D. limestone
9. Why is Trang An considered as a parallel world?
A. It stays close to paradise in spite of being visited by many.
B. It is in existence under visitors' feet but hardly anyone recognizes.
C. It is in stalk contrast with the dominant industrial landscape in Ninh Binh.
D. It has not suffered the consequences of uncontrolled mass tourism yet.
10. The writer's attitude towards Trang An can be described as that of _______.
A. concern B. admiration C. shock D. suspicion
1. "No, I did not remove the relics from the heritage site", he said.
A. He objected to removing relics from the heritage site.
B. He denied having removed the relics from the heritage site.
C. He accepted to remove relics from the heritage site.
D. He advised against removing relics from the heritage site.
2. The place is both scenic and tranquil.
A. Not only is the place scenic but it is also tranquil.
B. The place is neither scenic nor tranquil.
C. Not only is the place tranquil but it also has no scene.
D. The place is either scenic or tranquil.
3. He has the habit of upsetting people unintentionally.
A. He is often the victim of people's unintentional upset.
B. It is in his habit to upset people unintentionally.
C. He is in the habit of upsetting people unintentionally.
D. He tend to being internationally upset by people.
4. You have to finish your homework if you want to visit the heritage site with your classmates.
A. Finish your homework if you don't want to visit the heritage site with your classmates
B. Unless you finish your homework, you can visit the heritage site with your classmates.
C. Finish your homework, otherwise you can visit the heritage site with your classmates.
D. Finish your homework, or else you cannot visit the heritage site with your classmates.
5. Tom wasn't absorbed in exploring the heritage site.
A. Tom doesn't like exploring the heritage site.
B. Tom showed no interest in exploring the heritage site.
C. Tom lacks interest in exploring the heritage site.
D. Exploring the heritage site brought Tom no fun.
given.
1. Visitors can explore the caves and grottos when coming to the site. They can enjoy mountain climbing.
A. When coming to the site, visitors can enjoy mountain climbing but have no chance to explore the
caves and grottos.
B. As there are too many visitors, the site only offers exploring caves and grottos not mountain climbing.
C. When coming to the site, in addition to exploring the caves and grottos, visitors can also enjoy
mountain climbing.
D. When coming to the site, visitors can neither enjoy mountain climbing nor explore the caves and
grottos.
2. Victor had visited the heritage site before. He fell in love with the scenery there.
A. Having visited the heritage site before, Victor fell in love with the scenery there.
B. Having fallen in love with the scenery of the heritage site, Victor visited the place many times.
C. Despite falling in love with the scenery of the heritage site, Victor visited the place again.
D. Had Victor visited the heritage site before, he would have fallen in love with the scenery there.
3. The region's average rainfall is high. Few streams and rivers can be seen there.
A. Because of the region's high average rainfall, few streams and rivers can be seen there.
B. The region's average rainfall is so high that few streams and rivers can be seen there.
C. If the region's average rainfall were high, more streams and rivers could be seen there.
D. In spite of the region's high average rainfall, few streams and rivers can be seen there.
4. A hurricane is defined as a tropical storm. In this storm, winds attain speeds greater than 120 kilometers
per hour.
A. A hurricane in which winds attain speeds greater than 120 kilometers per hour is defined as a tropical
storm.
B. A hurricane is defined as a tropical storm in which winds attain speeds greater than 120 kilometers per
hour.
C. Defined as a cyclone, winds in a tropical storm often attain speeds greater than 120 kilometers per
hour.
D. Because a hurricane is defined as a tropical storm, its winds attain speeds greater than 120 kilometers
per hour.
5. It's a long trip to the world heritage site. We have to start off early and come back in the afternoon.
A. It's a long trip to the world heritage site, but we have to start off early and come back in the afternoon.
B. It's a long trip to the world heritage site because we have to start off early and come back in the
afternoon.
C. It's a long trip to the world heritage site, so we have to start off early and come back in the afternoon.
D. It's a long trip to the world heritage site if we have to start off early and come back in the afternoon.

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Unit5: BEING PART OF ASEAN

Unit 6: GLOBAL WARMING

Unit 7: FURTHER EDUCATION

Unit 8: OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES

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