1.

Strontium emits only beta radiation with a short range, which makes it harmful if

swallowed or inhaled. In this case, it may be the source of bone cancers and leukaemias
if the spinal cord is involved.  Once in the body, Sr-90 acts like calcium and is
readily incorporated into bones and teeth, where it can cause cancers of
the bone, bone marrow, and soft tissues around the bone. Cesium-137 (Cs-137)
is a radioisotope and unstable chemical. Its radioactivity is measured by the number of atoms
disintegrating per unit time. A Cs-137 atom emits radiation in the form of medium energy
gamma rays, and to a lesser extent, high-energy beta particles, which disrupt molecules in cells
and deposits energy in tissues, causing damage

Iodine 131 is a beta emitter, When

a small dose of radioactive iodine I-131 (an
isotope of iodine that emits radiation) is swallowed, it is absorbed into the
bloodstream and concentrated by the thyroid gland, where it begins
destroying the gland's cells.

 2. alpha radiation is the most dangerous because it is easily absorbed by cells

 beta and gamma radiation are not as dangerous because they are less likely to
be absorbed by a cell and will usually just pass right through it

4. -

3.Cobalt 60 emits ionizing radiation in the form of beta particles and gamma photons.

You saw in the last section that gamma photons, which penetrate the body and

damage the tissues, do more damage to rapidly reproducing cells than to others. This

characteristic coupled with the fact that cancer cells reproduce very rapidly underlies

the strategy of using radiation to treat cancer. Typically, a focused beam of gamma

photons from cobalt-60 is directed at a cancerous tumor. The ions and free radicals that

the gamma photons produce inside the tumor damage its cells and cause the tumor to

shrink.
5. uranium-235 When a nucleus of uranium-235 undergoes fission, it splits into two
smaller atoms and, at the same time, releases neutrons ( n) and energy. Some of
these neutrons are absorbed by other atoms of uranium-235. In turn, these atoms
split apart, releasing more energy and more neutrons.
atoms are bombarded with neutrons, they form uranium-236 atoms, which decompose

to form atoms such as krypton-95 and barium-138 as well as neutrons.

The reason the fission of uranium-235 can generate a lot of energy

in a short period of time is that under the right circumstances, it can initiate a chain

reaction, a process in which one of the products of a reaction initiates another identical

reaction. In the fission of uranium-235, one or more of the neutrons formed in the

reaction can collide with another uranium-235 atom and cause it to fission too. In a nuclear power
plant , the heat generated in the fuel as a result of fission is removed by passing
a coolant through the reactor core. The coolants most commonly used are
water, heavy water, carbon dioxide, and liquid sodium