INTRODUCTION

TO
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

JOSEPH ASAMOAH-ASARE
 HISTORY
Richard P. Feynman (nobelist,1965)
is credited with the birth of
nanotechnology. 1959

Challenged the scientific community

There’ s no question that there is
enough room on the head of a pin to put all of the Encyclopedia
Britannica,… I’m not inventing antigravity, which is possible
someday only if the laws are not what we think. I am telling
what could be done if the laws are what we think; we are not
doing it simply because we haven’t yet gotten around to it.”

Nanobiotechnology was initiated by the development of AFM that

enables imaging at atomic level in 1980
 Nano:
A prefix that means very,
very, small.

• • The
Theword
wordnano
nanoisisfrom
fromthe
theGreek
Greekword
word‘Nanos’
‘Nanos’
meaning
meaning Dwarf. It is a prefix used to describe"one
Dwarf. It is a prefix used to describe "one
billionth"
billionth"ofofsomething, 0.000000001..
something,oror0.000000001
NANOSCALE

0.7 nm
22 cm

12,756 Km

1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m

10 millions times 1 billion times

smaller smaller
 NANOSCALE Cont.

Water Nanodevices White Tennis ball

molecule Nanopores blood cell
Dendrimers
Nanotubes
Quantum dots
Nanoshells
NANOTECHNOLOGY+BIOTECHNOLOGY

NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanotechnology, shortened to
"nanotech", is the study of the
controlling of matter on an
atomic and molecular scale.
Generally nanotechnology
deals with structures sized 100
nanometres or smaller in at
least one dimension, and
involves developing materials
or devices within that size.
WHAT IS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

Semiconducting metal junction

An engineered DNA pRNA tiny motor formed by two carbon nanotubes
strand

Nanobiotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and

systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in
the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and
properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of
applications
NANOFABRICATION

•Bottom up approach

o molecular systems

o biomolecules

•Top down approach

oUV lithography

oIonic gelation
 ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

•Atomic force microscopy

•Electron microscopy

•Scanning Tunneling Microscope

•Magnetic resonance imaging

•Zetasizer
APPLICATIONS OF
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

• Biological imaging for

medical diagnostics.
• Advanced drug delivery
systems.
• Biosensors for airborne
chemicals or other toxins.
• Regenerative medicine:
• More durable, rejection-
resistant artificial tissues
and organs.
Nanobiotechnology in diagnosis

• Higher sensitivity:
detection of early
biomarkers
• Non- invasive and
painless diagnostic
techniques
• Genetic testing for
individual therapy
selection
Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery

• Targeted drug delivery

− Nanoparticles containing drugs
are coated with targeting
agents (e.g. conjugated
antibodies)
− The nanoparticles circulate
through the blood vessels and
reach the target cells
− Drugs are released directly into
the targeted cells
 Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery

• Thermal ablation of cancer cells

− Nanoshells have metallic outer
layer and silica core

− Selectively attracted to cancer

shells either through a
phenomena called enhanced
permeation retention or due to
some molecules coated on the
shells
Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted
− The nanoshells are heated with by nanoshells coated with metallic layer
and an external energy source – National Cancer
an external energy source Institute

killing the cancer cells

FUTURE GOALS AND CONCERNS OF
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

•Nanobiotechnology may be able to create many new materials

and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in
medicine, biomaterials and energy production.

•Nanobiotechnology raises many of the same issues as with any

introduction of new technology, including concerns about the
toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials, and their
potential effects on global economics.
THANK YOU