chapter 2

REVIEW AND LITERATURE

This chapter is cover some of the few books, research and articles that shows a relationship in common
to this study.

The most commonly used building material on the world is cement concrete. Its widespread use
is due to its excellent workability and ability to be shaped into any form. Ordinary cement concrete has a
low tensile strength, poor ductility, and limited crack resistance. Internal micro cracks cause brittle
concrete failure. In this modern era, civil engineering constructions have their own structural and
reliability requirements, and every structure has its own intended function, so conventional cement
concrete must be modified to meet these requirements.

According to Rana A (2013) studies on steel fiber reinforced concrete. International Journal of
Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3(1): 120-127.. steel fibers can be used to enhance
the resistance of concrete to shrinkage cracking, as well as the tensile strength and deformation
characteristics of concrete. In recent years, fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) has gained prominence. FRC,
a cement-concrete reinforced with thousands of small fiber scattered and distributed uniformly in the
concrete during mixing, increases the properties of the concrete in all directions.

Sorelli LG, Meda A, and Plizzari GA (2006). Steel fiber concrete slabs on ground: A structural
matter. ACI Structural Journal, 103(4): 551-55 also state Steel fiber have become increasingly popular
in the construction of industrial pavements, highways, parking lots, and airports over the last two
decades, owing to their diffused fiber, which may aid in improving structural behavior.

Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) has the potential to increase not only tensile but also flexural
strength while also improving fatigue shock resistance, ductility, and crack arrest (Kawde and Warudkar,
2017).

Steel fiber reinforced concrete has the ability to be used in underground elements and structures.
Except in the recent earthquake, no strong cracks were seen (Baszczyskia and Przybylska-Faeka, 2015).
Surface slab of a dam built using the SFRC at Longshua, China. This area is in seismic impact area (Vitt,
2005).

The effect of steel fiber on the strength of reinforced concrete was investigated, with plain
concrete cracking into two parts when exposed to maximum tensile stress, while the addition of steel
fiber increased strength and ductility (Ganesan et al., 2010).

The efficiency of the SFRC was investigated in a study (Mohod, 2012). Steel fibers were used to
strengthen M30 grade concrete at 0.25 percent, 0.50 percent, 0.75 percent, 1 percent, 1.5 percent, and
2 percent by volume of cement. When the fiber content was increased, the reinforcement resulted in a
decrease in workability thus achieving higher compressive and flexural strength.

Steel fiber have now been added to high-strength concrete, resulting in increased brittleness under
compression loads as well as improved deformability, longevity, and containment (Gopalaratnam and
Gettu, 1995; ACI, 1995).
 According to ErGulzar Ahmad, ErkshipraKapoor (2016) et al, steel fibers, in contrast to glass and
polypropylene fibers, have the highest intensity. There are various strengthening techniques available
today for improving the strength of materials that lack load-bearing and long-term durability. Steel fiber
is an important technology that has recently been developed to improve strength and minimize
maintenance.