A

Project Report on

A TRANSFORMERLESS BUCK BOOST CONVERTER

WITH POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
A project report submitted by
17311A0205
17311A0209
17311A0210
17311A0218
Under the esteemed guidance of
Dr.S.Ravi Chandran (Ph.D)

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Sreenidhi Institute of science & technology (Autonomous)
Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad-501301 2020-2021
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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 Sreenidhi Institute of science & technology
(Autonomous)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled has been carried out by the following
students:
P. RAHUL 17311A0205
L.RUSHI REDDY 17311A0209
K. RAHUL 17311A0210
M.SATHWIK 17311A0218

of IV year, I semester B.Tech (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) under our supervision
during the year 2020-2021 in partial fulfillment for the award of bachelor of technology in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering department from Sreenidhi Institute of Science &
Technology, Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad.
Dr.M.T.L.Gayathri DR.C.BHARGAVA
Associate professor Prof & Head
(Internal guide) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our immense gratitude and sincere thanks to Dr.M.T.L.Gayathri
for her guidance and valuable suggestions and encouragement in completing the major
project work with in the stipulated time .We would like to express the sincere thanks
to Dr.P.Narasimha reddy , director ,Dr.C.Bhargava  head of department of electrical
electronics engineering , Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology Hyderabad  for
permitting us to do our project work at  Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology-
Hyderabad .Finally, we would also like to thank the people who have directly or indirectly
helped us and parents, friends and relatives for their cooperation in complete in the project
work.
 

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DECLARATION:

We hereby declare that this project report titled “A TRANSFORMERLESS BUCK BOOST
CONVERTER WITH POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE”, is carried out on and our work
submitted to Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology (AUTONOMOUS), is a record
original work done by us.

Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
4rth Year Semester-1
P.Rahul 17311A0205
L. Rushi Reddy 17311A0209
K. Rahul 17311A0210
M. Sathwik 17311A0218

ABSTRACT:
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A transformer less buck-boost converter with simple structure is obtained by inserting an
additional switched network into the traditional buck-boost converter. Compared with the
traditional buck-boost converter, its voltage gain is quadratic of the traditional buck-boost
converter. It can operate in a wide range of output voltage, that is, the proposed buck- boost
converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without extreme duty cycle. Moreover, the
output voltage of this transformer less buck-boost converter is common-ground with the input
voltage, and its polarity is positive. The two power switches of the buck-boost converter
operate synchronously. The operating principles of the buck-boost converter operating in
continuous conduction modes are presented. A new buck- boost converter is presented by
providing a feedback to the converter. By this, constant output voltage can be maintained
under varying load conditions in both buck and boost operation. The PSIM (POWER SIM)
simulations are provided to compare and validate the effectiveness of the buck-boost
converters. A prototype circuit is constructed. Microprocessor dsPIC30f2010 is used to
generate the control pulses.

CONTENTS

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 LIST PAGE NO
Chapter – 1: INTRODUCTION 9
Chapter – 2: EXISTING SYSTEM 13
2.1 LUO CONVERTERS
2.2 INTERLEAVED CONVERTERS
Chapter – 3: PROPOSED SYSTEM 14
Chapter –4: TRANSFORMERLESS BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER
WITH POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND FEEDBACK
4.1 CONVERTER STRUCTURE
15
4.2 OPERATING PRINCIPLES
Chapter – 5: SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULTS 19
5.1 SIMULATION MODEL
5.2 SIMULATION RESULT
Chapter – 6: EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND RESULTS 23
6.1 CONVERTER WITHOUT FEEDBACK
6.2 CONVERTER WITH FEEDBACK
Chapter –7: APPLICATIONS 27
Chapter –8: FUTURE SCOPE 28
Chapter –9: CONCLUSION 29
Chapter –10: REFERENCES 30

LIST OF FIGURES:
Sl.no FIGURES PAGE NO
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 1 Proposed transformer less buck-boost converter. 10
2 Typical time-domain waveforms for the 10
proposed buck-boost converter operating in
CCM.
3 Equivalent circuits of the proposed buck-boost 11
converter in possible two states. (a) State 1. (b)
State 2
4 Proposed converter 14
5 Typical time-domain waveforms for the 16
proposed buck-boost converter operating in CCM
6 Equivalent circuit of the buck-boost converter in 16
mode 1

7 Equivalent circuits of the buck-boost converter in 16

mode 2
8 PSIM Model of Transformer less Buck-Boost 19
Converter with Feedback
9 PSIM simulations for the buck-boost converter 20
operating in step-up mode
10 PSIM simulations for the buck-boost converter 20
operating in step-up mode
11 PSIM simulations for the buck-boost converter 21
operating in step-down mode
12 PSIM simulations for the buck-boost converter 21
operating in step-down mode
13 (a)Pulse for buck operation D=0.4 23
(b)Pulse for boost operation D=0.6
14 Output Voltage varying with load-buck operation 24
15 Output Voltage varying with load-boost operation 25
16 Output Voltage constant -buck operation 26
17 Output Voltage constant -boost operation 27

LIST OF TABLES:
Sl.n TABLES PAGENO

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 o
1 Simulation Parameter 18
2 Comparison between the converters 22
3 Prototype Components 22

1.INTRODUCTION:

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As is well known, switching mode power supply is the core of modern power conversion
technology, which is widely used in electric power, communication system, household
appliance, industrial device, railway, aviation and many other fields. As the basis of
switching mode power supply, converter topologies attract a great deal of attention and many
converter topologies have been proposed. Buck converter and boost converter have the
simple structure and high efficiency. However, due to the limited voltage gain, their
applications are restricted when the low or high output voltage are needed. Luo converters
can obtain high voltage gain by employing the voltage lift technique, but the topological
complexity, cost, volume, and losses increase at the same time. Interleaved converters can
achieve high step-up or step-down conversion ratio with low voltage stress, while their
operating mode, converter structure and control strategy are complicated. Quadratic
converters can achieve the voltage gain of cascade converters with fewer switches; however,
the efficiency of these converters is low. Additionally, some switched networks are added
into the basic converters to obtain the high voltage step-up or step-down gain, at the price of
complicating construction and increasing cost.
Compared with the above-mentioned converter topologies who can only step-up or step-
down voltage, the voltage bucking/boosting converters, which can regulate output voltage
under wider range of input voltage or load variations, are popular with the applications such
as portable electronic devices, car electronic devices, etc. The traditional buck-boost
converter with simple structure and high efficiency, as we all known, has the drawbacks such
as limited voltage gain, negative output voltage, floating power switch, meanwhile
discontinuous input and output currents. The other three basic non-isolated converters, Cuk
converter, Sepic converter and Zeta converter which also have the peculiarity to step-up and
step-down voltage, have been provided. However, the limits of the voltage gain along with
other disadvantages in Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta converters are also non-ignorable. The quadratic
buck-boost converter, proposed by Maksimovic and Cuk , has one common-ground power
switch, meanwhile it can achieve the voltage gain D2/(1-D)2. However, due to the diodes D1
and D2 clamp the output voltage to the input voltage while the duty cycle is bigger than 0.5,
so that this converter can only work in step-down mode. By combining KY converter and the
traditional synchronously rectified buck converter, Hwu and Peng proposed a new buck-boost
converter which can realize the continuous output current, positive output voltage, continuous
conduction mode (CCM) operation all the time, and no right-half plane zero. Unfortunately,
its voltage gain of two multiplies the duty cycle isn’t sufficiently high or low in the situation
where the converter needs to operate in a wide range of output voltage. Also, based on the
Cuk converter, a new buck-boost converter, which has the low output voltage ripple, minimal
radio frequency interference and one common-ground power switch, is proposed. However,
as a seventh-order circuit, the converter has complex construction, and both its input terminal
and output terminal don’t share the same ground. Besides, the voltage gain is still

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 Fig. 1. Proposed transformer less buck-boost converter.

Fig. 2. Typical time-domain waveforms for the proposed buck-boost converter operating
in CCM.

limited. In, a boost-buck

V cascade converter, aggregating two separated converters with
current source and current sink, is applied for the thermoelectric generator. Nevertheless,
the voltage gain of this cascade converter is also constrained. Especially, in order to
obtain high voltage step-up or step-down gain, these converters must be operating under
extremely high or low duty cycle, and this point is too hard to realize due to the practical
constraints. Hence, exploring new topology of buck-boost converter to overcome the
drawbacks of the conventional ones for satisfying the increasingly requirements in
industrial applications is very important and valuable.
In this study, by inserting an additional switched network into the traditional buck-
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boost converter, a new transformer less buck-boost converter is proposed. The main
merit of the proposed buck-boost converter is that its voltage gain is quadratic of the
traditional buck-boost converter so that it can operate in a wide range of output voltage,
that is, the proposed buck-boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without
extreme duty cycle. Moreover, the output voltage of this new transformer less buck-boost
converter is common-ground with the input voltage, and its polarity is positive.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In sections II, the structure of the new
transformer less buck-boost converter is presented in detail. The basic operating
principles in CCM and the corresponding analyses are provided in section III. The small-
signal model is derived in section IV. Comparisons

a)

b)
Fig. 3. Equivalent circuits of the proposed buck-boost converter in possible two
states. (a) State 1. (b) State 2.
among the traditional converters and the proposed buck-boost converter are
shown in section V. The PSIM simulations are presented for confirmation
preliminary in section VI. The circuit experimental results are showed in section
VII.

2.EXISTING SYSTEM
2.1 LUO CONVERTER:

Luo converter can obtain high voltage gain by employing the voltage lift technique, but the

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topological complexity, cost, volume and losses increase the same time.
Luo converter is the developed converter derived from the buck-boost converter. In this
proposed model the additional filter elements in the Luo-converter eliminate the output
ripples and effectively enhance the output voltage level.
The voltage lift technique is a popular method that is widely applied in electronic circuit
design. The voltage lift technique opens a good way to improve circuit characteristics. After
long-term research, this technique has been successfully applied for DC-DC power
converters.
The voltage lift technique is a popular method that is widely applied in electronic circuit
design. Because of the effect of parasitic elements, the output voltage and power transfer
efficiency of DC-DC power converters are limited. The voltage lift technique opens a good
way to improve circuit characteristics. After long-term research, this technique has been
successfully applied for DC-DC power converters. Positive output Luo converters are a series
of new DC-DC step-up (boost) converters, which were developed from prototypes using the
voltage lift technique. These converters perform positive to positive DC-DC voltage
increasing conversion with high power density, high efficiency and cheap topology in simple
structure. They are different from other existing DC-DC step-up power converters and
possess many advantages including a high output voltage with small ripples. Therefore, these
converters will be widely used in computer peripheral equipment and industrial applications,
especially for high output voltage projects.

2.2 INTERLEAVED CONVERTER:

Interleaved converters can achieve high step up or step-down conversion ratio with low
voltage stress, while their operating mode, converter structure and control strategy are
complicated.
Interleaving, also called multi-phasing, is a technique that is useful for reducing the size of
filter components. An interleaved buck converter is shown in below Figure. This is
equivalent to a parallel combination of two sets of switches, diodes, and inductors connected
to a common filter capacitor and load. The switches are operated 180 degrees out of phase,
producing inductor currents that are also 180 degrees out of phase. The current entering the
capacitor and load resistance is the sum of the inductor currents, which has a smaller peak-to-
peak variation and a frequency twice as large as individual inductor currents (observe from
the figure below). This results in a smaller peak-to-peak variation in capacitor current than
would be achieved with a single buck converter, requiring less capacitance for the same
output ripple voltage. The variation in current coming from the source is also reduced. More
than two converters can be interleaved. The phase shift between switch closing is 360
degrees/n, where n is the number of converters in the parallel configuration. Interleaved boost
converter means parallel connection of convertors. By parallel connection the current divided
so i^2R loss minimize and current stress decrease. Again, in input and output side ripple are
also reduce. Rating of the converter increase. For above reason overall efficiency also
increase.

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 3.PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this proposed system, an additional switched network is inserted into the traditional buck-
boost converter a new transformer less buck-boost converter is proposed.
The main part of the proposed buck-boost converter is that its voltage gain is quadratic of the
traditional buck-boost converter so that it can operate in a wide range of output voltage, that
is, the proposed buck-boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without extreme
duty cycle.

Moreover, the output voltage of this new transformer less buck-boost converter is common-
ground with the input voltage, and its polarity is positive.
Transformer less buck-boost converter is simulated using PSIM and analyzed. It is obtained
by inserting an additional switched network into the traditional buck-boost converter.
Transformer less buck-boost converter possesses the merits such as high step-up and step-
down voltage gain, positive output voltage, simple construction and simple control strategy.
Hence, the proposed buck-boost converter is suitable for the industrial applications requiring
high step-up or step-down voltage gain. The converter operates in a wide range of output
voltage without using extreme duty cycles. It provides enough gain within the duty ratio 0.4-
0.6. It has simple operating modes. In order to make the output voltage constant irrespective
of load conditions a feedback is provided.

This project has proposed a new transformer less buck-boost converter as a fourth-order
circuit, which realizes the optimization between the topology construction and the drawbacks
of the traditional buck-boost converter, the operating principles, steady state analysis, small
signal modelling, and comparisons with other converters are presented.
From the MATLAB simulations, it is proved that the new transformer less buck-boost
converter possesses the merits such as high step-up/step-down voltage gain, positive output
voltage. Hence the proposed buck-boost converter is suitable for the industrial applications
requiring high step-up/step-down voltage gain.
A new transformer less buck boost converter with a feedback to obtain constant output
voltage regardless of varying load conditions. And it works with simple operating modes.
The complete system is simulated in PSIM and hardware section of the converter is done.
The traditional buck-boost converter so that it can operate in a wide range of output voltage,
that is, the proposed buck-boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without
extreme duty cycle. Moreover, the output voltage of this new transformer less buck-boost
converter is common-ground with the input voltage, and its polarity is positive.

4.TRANSFORMERLESS BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER WITH

POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND FEEDBACK

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 Fig-1: Proposed converter

A new transformer less buck-boost converter is obtained by inserting an additional

switched network into the traditional buck-boost converter. The main merit of the
proposed buck- boost converter is that its voltage gain is quadratic of the traditional buck-
boost converter so that it can operate in a wide range of output voltage, that is, the
proposed buck-boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without extreme duty
cycle. Moreover, the output voltage of this new transformer less buck-boost converter is
common-ground with the input voltage, and its polarity is positive.

4.1 Converter Structure

The circuit configuration of the new transformer less buck- boost converter is shown in
fig-1. It consists of two power switches (S1 and S2), two diodes (D1 and DO), two
inductors (L1 and L2), two capacitors (C1 and Co), and one resistive load
R. Power switches S1 and S2 are controlled synchronously. According to the state of the
power switches and diodes, some typical time-domain waveforms for this new transformer
less buck-boost converter operating in CCM are displayed in fig- 2, and the possible
operation states for the proposed buck-boost converter are shown in figures 3 and 4.
Figure 3, it denotes that the power switches S1 and S2 are turned on whereas the diodes
D1 and DO do not conduct. Consequently, both the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are
magnetized, and both the charge pump capacitor C1 and the output capacitor CO are
discharged. Figure 4, it describes that the power switches S 1 and S2 are turned off while
the diodes D1 and Do conduct for its forward biased voltage. Hence,
both the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are demagnetized, and both the charge pump
capacitor C1 and the output capacitor CO are charged.
4.2 Operating Principles
As shown in fig-2, there are two modes, that is, mode 1 and mode 2, in the new
transformer less buck-boost converter when it operates in CCM operation. Mode 1
between time interval (NT<t<(N+D) T). Mode 2 between time interval ((N+D)
T<t<(N+1) T).

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 Mode 1(NT<t<(N+D) T)
Mode 1 is during the time interval (NT<t<(N+D) T). During this time interval, the
switches S1 and S2 are turned on, while D1 and DO are reverse biased. From fig-
3, it is seen that L1 is magnetized from the input voltage Vin while L 2 is
magnetized from the input voltage Vin and the charge pump capacitor C1. Also,
the output energy is supplied from the output capacitor CO. Thus, the
corresponding equations can be established as,

VL1= Vin............................................(1)

 Mode 1(NT<t<(N+D) T)
Mode 1 is during the time interval (NT<t<(N+ D) T). During this time interval, the
switches S1 and S2 are turned on, while D1 and DO are reverse biased. From fig-
3, it is seen that L1 is magnetized from the input voltage Vin while L 2 is
magnetized from the input voltage Vin and the charge pump capacitor C1. Also,
the output energy is supplied from the output capacitor CO. Thus, the
corresponding equations
can be established as,
VL1=Vin……………………………... (1)
VL2= Vin + VC1..................................(2)

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 Fig-3: Equivalent circuit of the buck-boost converter in mode 1
 Mode 2[t1 − t3] ((N+D) T<t<(N+1) T)
State 2 is during the time interval ((N+D) T<t<(N+1) T). During this time interval, the
switches S1 and S2 are turned off, while D1 and DO are forward biased. From fig- 4, it
is seen that the energy stored in the inductor L 1 is released to the charge pump
capacitor C1 via the diode D1. At the same time, the energy stored in the inductor L 2
is released to the charge pump capacitor C1, the output capacitor CO and the resistive
load R via the diodes DO and D1. The equations of the state 2 are described as follows

VL1= -VC1.....................................................(3)

VL2= -(VC1+VO) ..........................................(4)

Fig-4: Equivalent circuits of the buck-boost converter in mode 2.

If applying the voltage-second balance principle on the inductor L1, then the voltage
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 across the charge pump capacitor C1 is readily obtained from equations (1) and (3) as

VC1={D/(1-D)} Vin......................................(5)

Here, D is the duty cycle, which represents the proportion of the power switches turn on
time to the whole switching cycle. Similarly, by using the voltage-second balance principle
on the inductor L2, the voltage gain of the proposed buck-boost converter can be obtained
from equations (2), (4), and (5) as

M=VO/Vin = (D/(1-D))2...................................(6)
From equation (6), it is apparent that the proposed buck-boost converter can step-up the
input voltage when the duty cycle is bigger than 0.5, and step-down the input voltage when
the duty cycle is smaller than 0.5.
From (6), it is apparent that the proposed buck-boost converter can step-up the input
voltage when the duty cycle is bigger than 0.5, and step-down the input voltage when the
duty cycle is smaller than 0.5.

5.SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULTS:

The circuit of the new transformer less buck-boost converter is simulated using the PSIM
software to confirm the aforementioned analyses. Circuit parameters chosen are shown in the
table.

Table-1: Simulation Parameter

Parameter Value
Vin 18V

Fs 20kHz

D 0.4 - 0.6

L1 1mH

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 L2 3mH

C1 10µF

C2 20µF

5.1 Simulation Model

Fig-5 shows the image of simulation circuit of the transformer less buck-boost converter.
It consists of two power switches (S1 and S2), two diodes (D1 and Do), two inductors
(L1 and L2), two capacitors (C1 and Co), and one resistive load R. Power switches S1
and S2 are controlled synchronously.

Fig-5: PSIM Model of Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter with Feedback

5.2 Simulation Results

Fig-6 shows the time-domain waveforms of the output voltage VOUT, the charge pump
capacitor voltage VC1 and the driving signal VSIG.

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 Fig-6: PSIM simulations for the buck-boost converter operating in step-up mode

Fig-7: PSIM simulations for the buck-boost converter operating in step-up mode

Fig-7 shows the currents of the two inductors L 1 and L2, and the driving signal VSIG for
the new transformer less buck- boost converter operating in step-up mode when the duty
cycle is 0.6. Since the two power switches conduct synchronously, only one driving signal
VSIG is chose. From fig-7, one can obtain that the charge pump capacitor voltage VC1 is
within (25.8V, 27.5V), the output voltage VO is within (40.4V, 40.1V), the inductor
current IL1 is within (0.07A, 0.3A), and the inductor current IL2 is within (0.36A, 0.52A).
Also, the ripples of the inductor current ΔIL1 and the inductor current ΔIL2 are 0.23A and
0.16A, respectively. Additionally, the ripples of the two capacitors ΔV C1 and ΔVCO are
1.7V and 0.3V, respectively.

From the design equations [1] the theoretical results are VC1=27V, VOUT =40.5V,
IL1=0.34A, IL2=0.68A, ΔIL1=0.54A, ΔIL2=0.45A, ΔVC1=2V, ΔVCO=0.4V,
respectively.

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 For the proposed buck-boost converter operating in step- down mode when the duty cycle
is choosing as 0.4. Fig-8 displays the time-domain waveforms of the output voltage VOUT
, the charge pump capacitor voltage VC1 and the driving signal VSIG
Fig-9 shows the currents of the two inductors L1 and L2, and the driving signal VSIG. It is
clearly seen that the charge pump capacitor voltage V C1, the output voltage VOUT, the
inductor current IL1, and the inductor current IL2 are within (11.6V,12.32V), (7.77V,
8.00V), (-0.27A, 0.03A) and (0.36A,0.52A), respectively. Also, the ripples of the inductor
current 4IL1 and the inductor current 4IL2 are 0.3A and 0.16A, respectively. And, the
ripples of the two capacitors ΔVC1 and ΔVCO are 0.72V and 0.23V, respectively.
Similarly, the theoretical calculations from the design equations are VC1=12V,
VOUT=8V, IL1=-0.15A, IL2=0.44A, ΔIL1=0.36A, ΔIL2=0.2A, ΔVC1=0.89V,
ΔVCO=0.27V, separately

Fig-8: PSIM simulations for the buck-boost converter operating in step-down mode

Fig-9: PSIM simulations for the buck-boost converter operating in step-down mode

Table-2: Comparison between the converters

Transformer Transformer
less Buck- less Buck-
Boost Boost
Converter Converter
with
Feedback
No. of switches 2 2
No. of diodes 2 2
No. of inductors 2 2 20
No. of 2 2
capacitors
Output voltage ±0.135V ±0.115V
ripple
(Buck mode)
Output voltage ±0.2V ±0.15V
ripple
(Boost mode)
Table 2 shows the comparison between the two converters, transformer less buck-boost
converter [1] and transformer less buck-boost converter with feedback, output voltage
ripple is decreased by 55 percentage in the boost mode and 14.8 percentage in the buck
mode.

6.EXPERIMENT SETUP AND RESULTS:

Hardware setup is done in a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Control circuit and power circuit
are implemented in two PCBs. Here dsPIC30F2010 is used for generating a pulse of constant
switching frequency and duty ratios. The components list for the hardware is given in table 3.

Table-3: Prototype Components

Components Specification
Input Voltage 12V
Output Voltage 40V/8V
Switching Frequency 20kHz
Diode Byq28e200e
MOSFET IRF840
Inductors (L1 & L2) 1mH & 3mH
Capacitor(C1) 10µF
Output Capacitor 20µF
(CO)
Controller dsPIC30F2010
Driver IC TLP250

Hardware setup is done i.e the converter section. Experimental setup is shown in fig-10.
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Sections in the hardware is rounded and marked separately.

6.1 Converter without feedback

Pulse for buck operation is shown in fig-11(a). Pulse for boost operation is shown in fig-
11(b). The frequency is 20kHz.

The output voltage of the transformer less buck boost converter varies with changing load.
The load is varied using rheostat. Load change from 20 to 40 ohm is provided in the buck
mode. The voltage varies from 6.45V to 7.5V. The output voltage of

Fig -11: (a)Pulse for buck operation D=0.4(b)Pulse for boost operation D=0.6
the converter in buck operation is shown in fig-12. Figure 12(a), (b), (c) respectively shows
the output voltage for load 30Ω,20Ω and 40Ω.

22
 Fig -12: Output Voltage varying with load -buck operation
The output voltage of the converter in boost operation is shown in fig-13. Load change
from 120Ω to 180Ω ohm is provided in the boost mode. And the voltage varies from 21V
to 21.5V. Figure 13(a), (b), (c) respectively shows the output voltage for load 150Ω, 120Ω
and 180Ω.

Fig -13: Output Voltage varying with load -boost operation

6.2 Converter with feedback
A feedback is provided to the transformer less buck boost converter. So that the output
voltage remains constant irrespective of load conditions. Rheostat is provided as the load.

Fig -14: Output Voltage constant -buck operation

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Output voltage for the buck operation is shown in fig- 14. Figure 14(a), (b), (c) respectively
shows the output voltage for load 30Ω, 20Ω and 40Ω. From the figure it is clear that the
output voltage is constant irrespective of the load change. Output voltage is 7. 55V.Output
voltage for the boost operation is shown in fig-15. Figure 15(a), (b), (c) respectively shows
the output
voltage for load 150 Ω,120 Ω and 180 Ω. From the figure it is clear that the output voltage is
constant irrespective of the load change. The output voltage is 16.7V

Fig -15: Output Voltage constant -boost operation

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7.APPLICATIONS:
1. portable electronic devices
Ex: portable radio
2. car electronic devices
Ex: music system
3. communication system
4. industrial devices
5. house hold applications
6. It is used in the self-regulating power supplies.
7. It has consumer electronics.

Ex: electronic devices

8. It is used in the Battery power systems.

9. Adaptive control applications.

10. Power amplifier applications

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8.FUTURE SCOPE:
From this project a buck-boost converter is used in order to replace the transformer A buck-
boost converter gives higher efficiency and it is simple in structure but it has some limited
voltage gain with positive output voltage, without extreme duty cycle. Due to this reason
here, there is a scope in future of using a buck-boost converter.
This project has proposed a new transformer A buck-boost converter as a fourth-order circuit,
which realizes the optimization between the topology construction and the drawbacks of the
traditional buck-boost converter, the operating principles, steady state analysis, small signal
modelling, and comparisons with other converters are presented.
This paper proposes a new transformer less buck boost converter with a feedback to obtain
constant output voltage regardless of varying load conditions. And it works with simple
operating modes. The complete system is simulated in PSIM and hardware section of the
converter is done.

Further implementations like resolving all the drawbacks of the traditional buck-boost
converter and cost complexity, complex techniques to increase voltage gain by solving the
problems of them and making our new transformer less buck-boost converter very much
better.

26
9.CONCLUSION:

Transformer less buck-boost converter is simulated using PSIM and analyzed. It is obtained
by inserting an additional switched network into the traditional buck-boost converter.
Transformer less buck-boost converter possesses the merits such as high step-up and step-
down voltage gain, positive output voltage, simple construction and simple control strategy.
Hence, the proposed buck-boost converter is suitable for the industrial applications
requiring high step-up or step-down voltage gain. The converter operates in a wide range of
output voltage without using extreme duty cycles. It provides enough gain within the duty
ratio 0.4-0.6. It has simple operating modes. In order to make the output voltage constant
irrespective of load conditions a feedback is provided.

This project has proposed a new transformer less buck-boost converter as a fourth-order
circuit, which realizes the optimization between the topology construction and the drawbacks
of the traditional buck-boost converter, the operating principles, steady state analysis, small
signal modelling, and comparisons with other converters are presented.
From the MATLAB simulations, it is proved that the new transformer less buck-boost
converter possesses the merits such as high step-up/step-down voltage gain, positive output
voltage. Hence the proposed buck-boost converter is suitable for the industrial applications
requiring high step-up/step-down voltage gain.

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