NAME – BHUMIKA VERMA

Reg. No. – 19BCE1418

Teacher: Dr. S. Geetha

Subject: CBIR LAB (L45+L46)

LAB-5

QUESTION-1
CODE:
% Variables

resultFile = 'rgb_image_features.xlsx';

total_images = 20;

levels = 256;

distance_vector = [1 3];

total_features = 2*levels*size(distance_vector,2);

dataset = zeros(total_images, total_features+1);

queryImgFileName = '11.jpg';

queryImgFeatures = imgFeatures(queryImgFileName,distance_vector,levels);

CSDwithQueryImg = zeros(total_images, 2);

total_solutions = 6;

% Generate Labels/Column headers for the dataset

labels = strings(1, total_features + 1);

labels(1,1) = "Image Name";

for d = 1:size(distance_vector, 2)

offset = 256*2*(d-1);

for bin = 0:255

h_idx = offset + 0*256 + (bin + 1) + 1;

labels(1, h_idx) = sprintf("H-%d-%d,%d", d, bin, bin);

v_idx = offset + 1*256 + (bin + 1) + 1;

labels(1, v_idx) = sprintf("V-%d-%d,%d", d, bin, bin);

end

end

writematrix(labels, resultFile);

% Retrieve the features for all images

for idx = 0:total_images-1

imgFileName = sprintf("%d.jpg", idx);

features = imgFeatures(imgFileName, distance_vector, levels);

imgDetails = [imgFileName string(features)];

% Store the features in a matrix

dataset(idx+1, 1:total_features+1) = [idx features];

% Store the features in an Excel file

% writematrix(imgDetails, resultFile, 'WriteMode','append');

end

for idx = 0:total_images-1

% Retreive features for the test img

 testImgFeatures = dataset(idx+1, 2:total_features+1);

% Calculate the Chi-Squared Distance b/w the features

CSD_raw = ((queryImgFeatures - testImgFeatures).^2)./queryImgFeatures;

% The above matrix can have NaN due to zero counts in queryImgFeatures

% So, used rmmissing to clean those missing values

CSD = sum(rmmissing(CSD_raw));

% Store the data in a string matrix

CSDwithQueryImg(idx+1,:) = [idx CSD];

end

% Sort the images w.r.t. to Euclidean Distance

CSDwithQueryImg = sortrows(CSDwithQueryImg, 2);

% Display the query image

subplot(3, 3, 2);

imshow(getImgFilePath(queryImgFileName));

title('Query Image');

% Display similar images

for idx = 1:total_solutions

subplot(3, 3, idx + 3);

imshow(getImgFilePath(sprintf('%d.jpg',CSDwithQueryImg(idx, 1))));

title(sprintf('Similar Image %d', idx));

end

% Function to retrieve file path

function filePath = getImgFilePath(imgName)

filePath = sprintf('folder1/%s', imgName);

end

% Function to extract features of the given image

function features = imgFeatures(fileName, distance_vector, levels)

% Default parameters for levels

if nargin == 2

levels = 256;

end

filePath = getImgFilePath(fileName);

img = imread(filePath);

% Convert image to grayscale

img = im2gray(img);

% Use custom auto-correlogram function: acg

[hc, vc] = acg(img, distance_vector, levels);

% Fill data back into the return parameter

features = zeros(1, 2*levels*size(distance_vector,2));

for d = 1:size(distance_vector, 2)

start_idx = (d-1) * 2 * levels + 1;

end_idx = (d) * 2 * levels;

features(1, start_idx:end_idx) = [hc(:,d).' vc(:,d).'];

 end

end

function [horizontal_count, vertical_count] = acg(img, distances, levels)

% Check if levels provided or not

if nargin == 2

levels = 256;

end

[Y, X] = size(img);

% Image quantization

img = gray2ind(img, levels);

% Set variable sizes

[~, num_of_distances] = size(distances);

horizontal_count = zeros(levels, num_of_distances);

vertical_count = zeros(levels, num_of_distances);

% For each row

for r = 1:Y

% For each column

for c = 1:X

% For each distance

for d = 1:num_of_distances

D = distances(d);

value = img(r,c); % Get the value

 % Increment the resp. counter, if pixels equivalent

if(r + D <= Y && img(r + D, c) == value)

horizontal_count(value+1, d) = horizontal_count(value+1, d) + 1;

end

if(c + D <= X && img(r, c + D) == value)

vertical_count(value+1, d) = vertical_count(value+1, d) + 1;

end

end

end

end

end

OUTPUT:
QUESTION 2:
CODE :
% Start stopwatch
tic
% Variables
resultFile = 'rgb_image_features.xlsx';
total_images = 20;
levels = 256;
distance_vector = [1 3];
total_features = 2*levels*size(distance_vector,2);
dataset = zeros(total_images, total_features+1);
queryImgFileName = '13.jpg';
queryImgFeatures = imgFeatures(queryImgFileName,distance_vector,levels);
CSDwithQueryImg = zeros(total_images, 2);
total_solutions = 6;

% Generate Labels/Column headers for the dataset

labels = strings(1, total_features + 1);
labels(1,1) = "Image Name";
for d = 1:size(distance_vector, 2)
offset = 256*2*(d-1);
for bin = 0:255
h_idx = offset + 0*256 + (bin + 1) + 1;
labels(1, h_idx) = sprintf("H-%d-%d,%d", d, bin, bin);
v_idx = offset + 1*256 + (bin + 1) + 1;
labels(1, v_idx) = sprintf("V-%d-%d,%d", d, bin, bin);
end
end
writematrix(labels, resultFile);

% Retrieve the features for all images

for idx = 0:total_images-1
imgFileName = sprintf("%d.jpg", idx);
features = imgFeatures(imgFileName, distance_vector, levels);
imgDetails = [imgFileName string(features)];
% Store the features in a matrix
dataset(idx+1, 1:total_features+1) = [idx features];
% Store the features in an Excel file
% writematrix(imgDetails, resultFile, 'WriteMode','append');
end
for idx = 0:total_images-1
% Retreive features for the test img
testImgFeatures = dataset(idx+1, 2:total_features+1);
% Calculate the Chi-Squared Distance b/w the features
CSD_raw = ((queryImgFeatures - testImgFeatures).^2)./queryImgFeatures;
% The above matrix can have NaN due to zero counts in queryImgFeatures
% So, used rmmissing to clean those missing values
CSD = sum(rmmissing(CSD_raw));
% Store the data in a string matrix
CSDwithQueryImg(idx+1,:) = [idx CSD];
end

% Sort the images w.r.t. to Euclidean Distance

CSDwithQueryImg = sortrows(CSDwithQueryImg, 2);

% Display the query image

subplot(3, 3, 2);
imshow(getImgFilePath(queryImgFileName));
title('Query Image');
% Display similar images
for idx = 1:total_solutions
subplot(3, 3, idx + 3);
imshow(getImgFilePath(sprintf('%d.jpg',CSDwithQueryImg(idx, 1))));
title(sprintf('Similar Image %d', idx));
end

% Display the total features & time elapsed

fprintf("Total features: %d\n", total_features);
% Stop stopwatch
toc

% Function to retrieve file path

function filePath = getImgFilePath(imgName)
filePath = sprintf('folder1/%s', imgName);
end

% Function to extract features of the given image

function features = imgFeatures(fileName, distance_vector, levels)
if nargin == 2
levels = 256;
end
filePath = getImgFilePath(fileName);

img = imread(filePath);
% Convert image to grayscale
% img = im2gray(img);
img = img(:,:,1);
 % Use custom auto-correlogram function: acg
[hc, vc] = acg(img, distance_vector, levels);

% Fill data back into the return parameter

features = zeros(1, 2*levels*size(distance_vector,2));
for d = 1:size(distance_vector, 2)
start_idx = (d-1) * 2 * levels + 1;
end_idx = (d) * 2 * levels;
features(1, start_idx:end_idx) = [hc(:,d).' vc(:,d).'];
end
end
function [horizontal_count, vertical_count] = acg(img, distances, levels)
% Check if levels provided or not
if nargin == 2
levels = 256;
end

[Y, X] = size(img);
% Image quantization
img = gray2ind(img, levels);

% Set variable sizes

[~, num_of_distances] = size(distances);
horizontal_count = zeros(levels, num_of_distances);
vertical_count = zeros(levels, num_of_distances);

% For each row

for r = 1:Y
% For each column
for c = 1:X
% For each distance
for d = 1:num_of_distances
D = distances(d);
value = img(r,c); % Get the value
% Increment the resp. counter, if pixels equivalent
if(r + D <= Y && img(r + D, c) == value)
horizontal_count(value+1, d) = horizontal_count(value+1, d) + 1;
end
if(c + D <= X && img(r, c + D) == value)
vertical_count(value+1, d) = vertical_count(value+1, d) + 1;
end
end
end
end
end
OUTPUT –
1)

2)

3)
4)
5)