Summative Assessment: Mirrors

1. How do mirrors form images of objects?

 When you put an object in front of a mirror, the mirror reflects an image of
that object. The incident rays are emitted from the target, and the picture
is created by the reflected rays. A reflection may produce a real or virtual
image.
2. How do lenses form images?
 A concave lens is thicker at the edges than it is in the middle. The lens
clearly causes light rays to diverge, or spread apart, when they move
through it. It's important to note that a concave lens' image is created on
the same side of the lens as the object. It is also smaller and upright than
the object.
 A convex lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges. A convex lens
causes rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called the focus (F). A
convex lens forms either a real or virtual image. It depends on how close
the object is to the lens relative to the focus. A virtual image forms on the
same side of the lens as the object if the object is closer to the lens than
the focus. The picture has been upright and enlarged.
3. How do we see with our eyes?
 The lens is a transparent disc-shaped structure that aids in focusing light
on the retina. It is able to do so because it is adjustable and uses a muscle
called the ciliary muscle to change shape and assist us in focusing on
objects at various distances. The lens's automatic focusing is a reflex
action that is not regulated by the brain. Energy in the light that makes up
the picture produces an electrical signal until it is specifically centered on
the sensitive part of the retina. The optic nerve can then bring information
about the image to the brain through nerve impulses.
4. How can lenses correct the vision of people with (a) myopia, (b) hyperopia and
(c) astigmatism?
a. Nearsightedness (myopia) is treated with a diverging lens, which
compensates for the eyes’ over convergence. The diverging lens brings
the picture closer to the eye than the object, allowing the nearsighted
individual to clearly see it.
b. A converging lens is used to correct farsightedness (hyperopia) by
compensating for the eyes’ under convergence. The converging lens
creates an image that is farther away from the eye than the object,
allowing the farsighted individual to clearly see it.
c. For a spectacle that has the opposite irregularity of the retina, astigmatism
may be at least partly corrected. A cylindrical correction is present in an
eyeglass prescription to correct astigmatism. The most common
corrections for nearsightedness and farsightedness are spherical
corrections that are identical around all axes.