JOINTS AND ITS

CLASSIFICATIONS

BY
Dr. Mohammad Jumaa & Dr.
Safaa Masoud
Ate the end of this lecture the student
:should able to know

Joint definition
Joint functions
Classification of Joints
Types of joints
Joint locommotions
Joint stability
 JOINTS

Joint :
is a site where two or more bones come together,
whether or not movement occurs between them.
Classification of Joints
According to type of movement
Synarthrosis-Immoveable joint:
skull sutures

Amphiarthrosis-Slightly movable joint

Intervertebral joints

Diarthrosis-Freely moveable joint

Shoulder, knee
According to structure (the tissues that lie
between the bones)
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint
 Fibrous Joints

The articulating surfaces of the bones are joined by

fibrous tissue.
No movements are allowed in this joint type.
Lacks of a joint cavity

Types of fibrous joints:

Sutures, Gomphosis &

Syndesmosis.

1- Sutures: as the sutures

of the vault of the skull.
 Fibrous Joints

2- Gomphosis:
Contact between root of teeth
and their sockets in mandible,
maxilla.

3- Syndesmosis:
as the inferior tibiofibular joints.
 Cartilaginous Joints

Lacks of a joint cavity

Allows little or no movement

It can be divided into two types:

1- Primary cartilaginous:
- The bones are united by a plate of hyaline
cartilage.
- No movement is possible.
- Examples:
The union between the epiphysis and the
diaphysis of a growing bone.
between the 1st rib and the manubrium sterni.
 Cartilaginous joint

Secondary cartilaginous joint:

- The bones are united by a plate of

fibrocartilage

- A small amount of movement is

possible.
- Examples are the joints between the
vertebral bodies and the symphysis
pubis.
 Synovial joint

Synovial joints are freely movable

and represent most joints of the
body.

Characteristics of a synovial joint

1- Articular or hyaline cartilage

The parts of the bones which are
in contact are always covered
with hyaline cartilage.
Characteristics of a synovial joint

2- Capsule
The joint is surrounded by a sleeve of
fibrous tissue which holds the bones
together.
3- Synovial membrane
This is composed of epithelial cells and is
found:
- lining the capsule
- covering parts of the bones within the joint
not covered by articular cartilage
- covering all intracapsular structures that do
not bear weight.
Characteristics of a synovial joint

4- Synovial fluid:
This fluid secreted by synovial
membranes :
Contains phagocytes which remove
microbes and cellular debris.
- Acts as a lubricant.
- Prevents the ends of the bones from being
separated.
https://www.synviscone.com/what-is-s
ynvisc-one
5- Extra capsular structures
• Ligaments :provide additional stability at most
joints.
• Muscles or their tendons .
Types of synovial joints
I-Hinge joint:
- Resemble the hinge on a door.
- Flexion & extension movements are possible:
eg. the elbow and ankle joints
Modified hinge joint allows some rotation: Knee Joint
Types of synovial joints
II- Pivot joint
- A central bony pivot is surrounded by a
bony–ligamentous ring.
- Rotation is the only movement possible.
- The atlantoaxial and superior
radioulnar joints are good examples
 Types of synovial joints

III- Condyloid joint

-Two distinct convex surfaces that
articulate with two concave
surfaces.

-Flexion, extension, abduction, and

adduction are possible.
Example:
metacarpophalangeal joint.
 Types of synovial joints

VI- Ellipisoid joint

- An elliptical convex articular
surface fits into an elliptical
concave articular surface.
-Flexion, extension, abduction, and
adduction can take place.
-The wrist joint is a good example
Types of synovial joints

V- Ball and socket joint:

-Ball shaped head of one bone
fits into a socket of another.

-Free movements, including

flexion, extension, abduct.,
adduction, medial and lateral
rotation and circumduction

-examples :The shoulder and

hip joints.
 Types of synovial joints

VI-Saddle joint
- The articular surfaces are reciprocally
concavoconvex.
- Flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction are the permitted
movement.
- The carpometacarpal joint of the
thumb is good example
 Types of synovial joints
VII-Plane joint:
-The opposed articular surfaces
are flat or almost flat.
- The bones slide on one
another.
- Examples of these joints
acromioclavicular and
intercarpal joints
 Joint Locomotion's

https://youtu.be/oMwzb3Rl0XQ

https://youtu.be/Un_iG74R_TI

https://youtu.be/WdCRrcfan44

https://youtu.be/FnrYC6aDHEc
 Joint stability

Depends mainly on:

Type of Joint
Shape of articulating bone
Surrounding muscles and ligaments
Range of movements
Joint stability
THANK YOU