'*3. The standard deviation of critical dimension thickness = semiconductor manufacturing is o = 20 nm. 2) State the null and alternative hypotheses used to demon- strate that the standard deviation is reduced. (b) Assume that the previous test does not reject the null hypothesis. Does this result provide strong evidence that the standard deviation has not been reduced? Explain. 9-4. The mean pull-off force of a connector depends on cure time. (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses used to demon- strate that the pull-off force is below 25 newtons. (b) Assume that the previous test does not reject the null hy- pothesis. Does this result provide strong evidence that the pull-off force is greater than or equal to 25 newtons? Explain. 9-5. A textile fiber manufacturer is investigating a new drap- ery yarn, which the company claims has a mean thread elonga- tion of 12 kilograms with a standard deviation of 0.5 kilo- grams. The company wishes to test the hypothesis Hy: . = 12 against H;: . < 12, using a random sample of four specimens. (a) What is the type | error probability if the critical region is defined as ¥ < 11.5 kilograms?9-3. a) Hy:0 = 20nm,H, 0 < 20mm b)_ This result does not provide strong evidence that the standard deviation has not been reduced. This result says that we do not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, [tis not support for the null hypothesis. 9-4 a) Hy: 40= 25Newtons, H, :4-<25Newtons b). No, this results only means that we do not have enough evidence to support ff) 9S 3) EPSPS PRM RENEE Avw sae) PZ = -2)= 002275 =P( Xe 115 when w= 12)=A-—" orn 05a ing the null hypothesis when itis true is 0.022 The probability ofr S. » B= Placcept Hy when y= 11.25) = ci > LL Swhen j= 11.25 let | P(Z> 1.0) 1 = 0.84134 = 0.15866 The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false is 0.15866, ©) B= Placcept Ho when w= 11.25) = — Y- =~ PX > 11S when =11.5 — Hl ‘ F "(one = PZ > 0) -P(Zs0) -05=0.5 ‘The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when itis false is 0.5 115-115 0.5 /V49-10. ‘The heat evalved in calories per gram of a cement mixture is approximately normally distributed. The mean is thought to be 100 and the standard deviation is 2. We wish to test Mo: «= 100 versus Hy: w * 100 with a sample of n= 9 specimens, (a) If the acceptance region is defined as 98.5 = ¥ = 101.5, find the type I error probability ee, (b) Find B for the case where the true mean heat evolved is 103. (c) Find B for the case where the true mean heat evolved is 105. This value of f} is smaller than the one found in part (b) above, Why? 9-21. Rework Exercise 9-20 when the sample size is 16 and the boundaries of the acceptance region do not change. Whet impact does the change in sample size have on the results of parts (a) and (b)? 9-22, In Exercise 9-20, find the boundary of the critical re pion if the type I error probability is (a) a= O00landn=8 (c) a = 0.01 anda = 16 (b) « = 0.05 and n = 8 (d) & = 0.05 and n = 16 9-23. In Exercise 9-20, calculate the P-value if the observed Statistic is {a) ¥=52 (bo) F947 (ce) F=5.1Answer Question 9-10 a) a= P(X < 98.5 &X > 1015 when y= 100) = PCY <98.5) + PLV> 101.5) = p{ X=100 _ 985-100), ,/ ¥-100 | 101.5-100 2/Vv9 -2/V9 29 2/9 P(Z < -2.25) + P(Z > 2.25) = (PZ <-2.25)) + (1 = PZ s 2.25) = 0.01222 + 1 = 0.98778 = 0.01222 + 0.01222 = 0.02444 b) B= PO8.5 s Xs 101.5 when w= 103) = pf 985-103 | X-103 _ 1015-103 2/V9 2iv9 5) - P(Z = ~6.75) = 0.01222 — 0 = 0.01222 ©) B=PO8S< F< 1015 when y~ 105) 29 219 ) =P(9.75s Z = -5.25) =P(Z < -5.25)- PZ < -9.75) =0-0 =o. ‘The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when itis actually false is smaller in part e since the true mean, = 105, is further from the acceptance region, A larger difference exists,Answer Question 9-20 ~9-23 Chapter 9, Page 304: 9-20 a) a= PCY 54.85 when w= 5) + PUY > 5.15 when w= 5) _pf X-5 485-5). pf _¥-5_ 515-5 =p{i ~—9_< 489-3). pf 4-9, SB 0.25/V¥8 025/¥8} (0.25/V8 ~ 0.25/V8 = P(Zs-1.7) + P(Z> 1.7) = P(Zs-1.7) + (1- P(Zs 1.7) 0.04457 + (1 = 0.95543) = 0.08914 b) Power = 1-8 B= P85 =X 5.15 when w= 5.1) 485-51 ¥-5.1 | 5.15- 0.25/¥8 ~ 0.25/ V8 ~ ord =P(-2.83 =< Z < 0.566) PZ = 0,566) ~ P(Z 5 -2.83) 0.71566 ~ 0.00233 = 0.71333 1-6 = 0.2867 921 Usingn=16: a) &= P(X 24.85 | w= 5) + P(X> 5.15] p=) _,( ¥-5 | 485-5 X-5 | 515-5 - <8 |). pf_*-9_, 8B csiia one} "casita 0.25/v16 =P(Z = -2.4)+P(Z>24) P(Z s -2.4) +(1 = P(Z 52.4) =2(1 -P(Zs24)) 2(1 - 0.99180) 0.0082) = 0.0164, b) B= PASS =X 55.15 | _pfABS=51_ -S1 $1881 0.25/16 * 025/Vi6 * 025/16 = P(-45Z 5 0.8)= P(Z<08)-PZs—4) = 0.78814 0= 0.78814 1 B= 0.21186 ©) With larger sample size, the value of « decreased from approximately 0.089 to 0,016. The power declined ‘modestly from 0.287 100.211 while the value for ct declined substantially. IF the test with n = 16 were conducted at of 0.089, than it woudl have the oval stor power than the test with n= &9-22 9-23 BF fly + 2g) / Wi ~5+2.57*.25/ V8 =5.22 and, 2,574.25) J8-4.77 o bly ~ 2 / VE b) a=0.05, n=8 then a= fly + Z,39 #0 / on =5+1.96%.25/ YB=5.1732 and 1.96*.25/ V8 =4.8267 b= - 24,90 / Vn ©) «0.01, n=16 then 8 My + 2g) Vi ~5+2.57*.25/ V16 5.1606 and b> fay =F 4/90) WnWS-2.57*.25/ VIG 4.9393 d) a-0.05, n=16 then 8= My + 24,90) Vn ~5+1.96*.25/ V16 =5.1225 and 24/90 / Vn-5-1.96*.25/ V16 ~4.8775 Fain by P-value=2(1 -@(|Z,))) where =, = <4 ain 52-5 = 2.26 25/18 p-value=2(1-«(2.26)) = 2(1 - 0.988089) = 0.0238 a) ¥=5.2 then 2, = b) ¥=4,7 then z, = 3.39 25/18 P-value=2(1-P(3.39)) = 2(1 - 0.99965) = 0.0007 ©) F=5.1 then z, P-value=2(1- (1.13 13)) = 2(1 = 0.870762) = 0.2585%36, The mean water temperature downstream from a ower plant cooling tower discharge pipe should be no more stan 100°F. Past experience has indicated that the standard éviation of temperature is 2°F. The water temperature is measured on nine randomly chosen days, and the average semperature is found to be 98°F. 2) Is there evidence that the water temperature is acceptable at « = 0,05? Answer Question 9-36: a) 1) The parameter of interest is the (rue mean water temperature, 1. 2) Ho: "= 100 3) Hi: w> 100 4) a= 0.05 3) i olla 6) Reet Hy it y> 2 where aus 1.65 1) -Fn08, 0-2 38-100 a 20 9) Since-3.0< 1.65 do not reject Hy and conctde that the water temperature is nt signticanthy different greater than 100 at o = 0.05, =-3.0 >) Pevalue = 1 = P(@ < =3) =1-(-3.0) ~ 1 -0.00135 ~ 0.99865 P-value: the smallest level of significance that leads to the rejection of the Null Hypothesis anna = ros)9-40. An engineer who is studying the tensile strength of a steel alloy intended for use in golf club shafts knows that tensile strength is approximately normally distributed with ¢ = 60 psi. A random sample of 12 specimens has a mean tensile strength of x = 3450 psi. (a) Test the hypothesis that mean strength is 3500 psi. Use a= 0.01. (b) What is the smallest level of significance at which you ‘would be willing to reject the null hypothesis? (c) What is the B-crror for the test in part (u) if the true mean is 3470? (d) Suppose that we wanted to reject the null hypothesis with probability at least 0.8 if mean strength » = 3500. What sample size should be used? (c) Explain how you could answer the question in part (a) with a two-sided confidence interval on mean tensile strength. Answer Question 9-40 Chapter 9, Seetion 9-2, Page 313: 1) The parameter of interest is the true mean tensile strength, 1. 2) Ho: w= 3500 3) Hr Na 6) Reject Hg if'% <—Z2 where ~Zo99s = ~2.58 oF 29> 22 where 20005 = 2.587) = 3450, 0= 60 3450-3500 60/2 8) Since significantly different from 3500 at c= 2.89 <-2.58, reject the null hypothesis and conclude the true mean tensile strength is OL +b) Smallest level of significance ~ P-value 2[1 4 (2.89) ]= 2[1 ~ 998074] = 0.004 ‘The smallest level of significance at which we arewilling to reject the null hypothesis is 0.004, ©) = 3470 3500= 30 Peete cass - 3470 = of: 5x 470 sant) = (4.312}- (0.848) ~ 10.1982 ~ 0.8018 on) 0 3490-258 )snssasos 3405.313= jt = 3494.687 With 99% confidence, we believe the true mean tensile strength is between 3405.313 psi and 3494.687 psi We can test the hypotheses that the true mean tensile strength is not equal to 3500 by noting that the value is not within the confidence interval, Hence we rejee: the null hypothesis,