Energy Efficiency and Conservation: GREENSHIP Associate Training

ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION
Energy Efficiency and Conservation

GREENSHIP Associate Training
1
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
Energy Issue & Pollution
2
3
4
5
Energy Sources and Pollution
6
Energy Sources and Pollution
http://burnanenergyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/SourcesVenDiagram_v2.jpg
7
Energi Bersih untuk masa depan lebih baik
8
Energy Condition & Challenge
in Indonesia
9
Economic Growth
GDP(Trllion IDR) 3,943
4000 6.1%
3000
2,177 Energy Growth
2000
1000
Energy (Million BOE)
1,316
0 1,500.0
2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 7.1%

712
1,000.0
Population Growth 500.0
Population (Million) 256

0.0
231 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
260 1.1%
240
220
200
2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
The chart is based on Draft National Energy Policy
10
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
Energy Efficiency
Energy consumption per Capita is Low, while Energy

Intensity is high
600
index (Japan = 100) 500
400
300
200
100
0
Japan OECD Thailand Indonesia Malaysia North Germany
America
Energy Intensity Energy per Capita
• Energy Intensity • Energy Consumption per Capita

(toe per million US$, 1995 price) (toe per capita)
 Japan : 90,31  Japan : 4,07
 Indonesia : 504,46  Indonesia : 0,535
11
Energy Condition and  Electricity in Indonesia

Challenges in
Indonesia  Energy Consumption Database
 Energy Policy
Fossil energy still high (95%), while its reserve are limited
(left for 18 years)
New & renewable energy is the clean energy, but it has not
been optimised yet ENERGY MIX PRIMARY ENERGY (MBOE) %
Oil 612 46.2%

Electrifaction ratio (2014) ; 84,4%, it means about 37 million
people in Indonesia has no access to electricity Coal 411 31.0%
Gas 241 18.2%
Government’s commitment to reduce GHG emmission 26%
NRE 61 4.6%
(2020); and 41% if there is international’s donor contribution
TOTAL 1325 100.0%
• Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources 2015 12
ENERGY FOR FUTURE

Challenges in
 Energy Policy
• Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources 2015 13

ENERGY FOR FUTURE

Challenges in Most of building in Jakarta is
NOT EFFICIENT YET
 Energy Policy
297 293
300 270
240
250 225
Energy
Efficiency 200 175
Index 160
140
(KWH/m2.yr) 150 japan • JICA Study 2009
100 Jakarta • IFC Study 2011
50
0
Hospital Shopping Hotel Office
Mall
14
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
Global Trend in Building
Industry
15
Energy Efficiency
16
Building Trend for future
Traditional Building
Current Building
Green Building
High Performance Building
Near Zero Energy

Bldg Zero Carbon Bldg
17
International Scenario
For Fighting The Global Warming
• BAU :
– Business As Usual  no action, energy consumption grow
without any concern to reduce CO2 emission
• 4DS :
– Vision to limit the global average temperature rise to no more than 4o
C in 2050
• 2DS :
– Vision to limit the global average temperature rise to no more than 2o
C in 2050
– Gives a reduction of CO2 emission to halve in the 2050
18
Countries with Zero Target for
Building Codes
• France: all public buildings in 2020

• UK: commercial / public buildings in 2018/19
• European Union: all building codes must be
close to zero in 2020
• California : commercial building in 2030
19
Advanced Energy Design Guides
2020
1999
ASHRAE 30% 50% 70% Net Zero

Std 90.1 AEDG AEDG AEDG Energy
Bldg
20
Basic Idea of NZEB
Energy Demand Energy Supply
100% 250 Kwh/m2 Grid
20% 40-50 Kwh/m2 Renewable

Energy
21
ZEB, BCAA, Singapore
22
Consume 32% of global energy in total
19% of energy related CO2 emissions

BUILDING INDUSTRY
13% - 33% of F-gases emissions
23
ENERGY FOR FUTURE

Challenges in
 Energy Policy
24
ENERGY FOR FUTURE

Challenges in
 Energy Policy
EEI = 240 kWh/m2.annum

Envelope optimization
Lighting optimization
HVAC optimization
Control systems and GREEN O&M
EEI = 98 kWh/m2.annum Source: Energy Efficiency Guidelines for
Building Design in Indonesia, 2013
Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

• USA: by EIA (Energy Information Agency)
• 30.000 + building 25
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
High Performance
Building Approach
26
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
How to obtain
“High Performance Building”
27
Standard sequential practices  Oversizing
Architecture involvement Engineering involvement
Standard Practice
4 running & 1 stand-by
Waisting :
Capacity/Load (TR)
Oversize -Investment
- Operating cost
CH-2
CH-1
CH-4
CH-5
CH-3
Cooling Oversize in :
Load -Chiller
Calcula- Chiller -Power installed
tion running & -Panel & its
In component
Chiller operation -Cabling
Cap -Piping
Installed -etc
Conventional
500-550 Btuh/m2
Integrated Design
• Designing building in a cyclical pattern as opposed to
sequential pattern
Pasif Aktif
Integrated Design
Sequential Standard Practice 29

Integrated Design
30
Integrated Design Process Team from Day One
Concept Detailed Construc-

Master Planning Opera-tion
Design Design tion
Design Construction Operation

31
High Performance Passive Design:

• Building form & orientation 22%
Building Approach
• Façade material
• Shading devices
• Natural daylighting
55%
Active Design: 23%
• High efficiency chiller plant
• High efficiency air distribution
• Energy saving lighting
• Occupancy and lux sensor
• Energy saving elevator and
escalator
AC Lighting Others
Building Energy Consumption
32
ENERGY FOR FUTURE

Building Approach • Building form & orientation
• Shading devices
roof Heat Gain Components
lights
people
glass infiltration equipment

solar partition
wall
glass
conduction
exterior Building Envelope Lighting People Fresh Air Others

wall
33
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
• U-value :
High Performance Passive Design: the rate of transfer of heat (in watts) through one square metre of a structure divided by the
difference in temperature across the structure
• Shading devices
• Shading Coefficient (SC) :
the ratio of solar gain (due to direct sunlight) passing through a glass unit to the solar energy which
• Natural daylighting passes through 3mm Clear Float Glass.
Wall U-Value Window U-Value Window SC

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ENERGY FOR FUTURE
ENERGY KILLER
High Performance Passive Design: FACADE
• Shading devices
 Solar Heat gain

Through Windows
75%
East & West:  Cooling Load
• Receives the largest solar radiation through Façade
• Minimize glass material – use solid wall 55%
• Use shading devices
35
ENERGY FOR FUTURE

• Shading devices
Effective in reducing solar radiation through window
36
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
EFFICIENT FAÇADE??
Glass is an energy
killer
COOLING LOAD THRU

BUILDING ENVELOPE = 55%
37

• Shading devices
38
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
High Performance Active Design:

Building Approach • High efficiency chiller plant
• Occupancy and lux sensor COP & KW/TR beberapa AC Unit
• Energy saving elevator and escalator SNI 03-6390-2011
Efisiensi Minimum
Jenis Peralatan Kapasitas unit Sub Katagori
COP kW/TR
Split <65.000(Btu/jam) - 2,7 1,303
Value Refrigerant Value - - 3,7 0,951
Split Duct - - 2,6 1,353
Recip 2,8 1,256

< 150 TR
Pendinginan Udara Screw 2,9 1,213
Air Cooled Recip 2,8 1,256
> 150 TR
Screw 3 1,172
Recip 4 0,870
< 150 TR
Screw 4,1 0.858
Pendinginan Air
Recip 4,26 0,826
Water Cooled > 150 TR
Screw 4,40 0,799
>300 TR Centrifugal 6,05 0,581

39
ENERGY FOR FUTURE

• Energy saving elevator and escalator
Component of chiller plant::

• Chiller
• Chilled water pump (CHWP)
• Condenser water pump (CWP)
• Cooling Tower
Energy saving potential:

• VSD
• Chiller Plant Integrated Controller
• Efficient Water Distribution
Energy Consumption of Chiller Plant
40
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
Chiller System Plant :
 Water cooled chiller  Condenser water pump
 Chilled water pump  Cooling tower
ASHRAE Journal
New Target
Existing
Achievable Current Target

41
Overseas
Energy Saving from VSD – Pump & Fan
42
ENERGY FOR FUTURE

Displacement Ventilation
Distribusi udara di area dengan
ceiling tinggi menggunakan
sistem Displacement Ventilation
(DV) setinggi 2,5 m. Udara yang
dikondisikan hanyalah setinggi
2,5 m.
43
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
High Performance
Building Approach Type Feature
• 10-20 lm/watt
• 5% of energy converted to light
• Short life-time (~1,000 hours)
Incandescent • < $1.00
• Phase out in 2012 (EU)
•LPD : 15-20 Watt/m2
• 60-70 lm/watt
• ~ 20% of energy converted to light
Compact
• Medium life-time (~ 10,000 hours)
Fluorescent Lamp • $2 - $8
(CFL) • Mature technology
•LPD : 12-15 Watt/m2
• 90 lm/watt
• ~ 30% of energy converted to light
• Long life-time (~50,000 hours)
LED Bulb • $10 – $30
• New technology
•LPD : 5-6 Watt/m2 44
ENERGY FOR FUTURE

Energy saving features of elevator and escalators ::
• Drives and Motors

• Motor Generator
• Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)
• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) newer
• Variable Voltage Variable Frequency technology
• Regenerative Motors
• Permanent Magnet Motor
• Machinery
• Geared
• Gearless
• Energy saving mode

45
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
Renewable Energy • Building Integrated PV (BIPV)

• Solar PV Panels
• Wind Turbine
• Geothermal
Challenges:
• ROI >10 years
• High initial investment
• Availability, storage and distribution
• Government support
Building Integrated PV (BIPV)
Solar PV Panels Wind Turbine Geothermal

46
ENERGY FOR FUTURE
DOE Building Energy Software Tools Directory with 405 programs
• Whole Building Analysis

 Energy simulation 100+ Programs
 Renewable Energy
 Retrofit Analysis
 Sustainability/Green Buildings
• Codes and Standards

• Materials, Components, Equipment and Systems
• Other applications
Source: http: apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/toos_directory/
47
EnergyPlus
Heat transfer and balance Load Calculation Occupancy-HVAC connection
State space method Predict-correct process Incorporate with previous time

Strict heat balance Feedback and update Surface and air heat balance
Figure. OpenStudio Graphic Interface
48
Building Energy Calculation – GP Training
Baseline Designed Building
Parameter Unit Building OTTV = 30
OTTV=45 KWH %
Main AC Plant
Estimated Building Cooling Load Ton Ref 435 322 25.9%
AC Unit (Chiller, Unitary, Split) KW/TR 0.676 0.676 Same
Chill Water Pump -CHWPP (primary) KW/TR 0.097 0.097 Same
Condenser Water Pump -CWP KW/TR 0.061 0.061 Same
Cooling Tower -CT KW/TR 0.039 0.039 Same
Total AC Plant KW/TR 0.873 0.873 Same
Total AC Plant Energy Consumption KWH/year 987,338 731,527 25.9%
Air Distribution (AHU, Indoor Unit) KWH/year 101,739 101,739.130 Same
Artificial Lighting W/m2 15 15 Same

KWH/year 390,000 390,000 Same
Vertical Transportation (lift, escalator) KWH/year 198,000 198,000.000 Same
Car Park Ventilation KWH/year - -
Other KWH/year 343,916 343,915.733 Same
Summary Unit Base Bldg Designed

Chiller Plant KWH/year 987,338 731,527 25.9%
Air Distribution KWH/year 101,739 101,739 Same
Lighting KWH/year 390,000 390,000 Same
Lift & Escalator Lift & Escalator KWH/year 198,000 198,000 Same
Carpark MV KWH/year - - Same
Others KWH/year Passive
343,916
Design
343,916
Active Design
Same
Active Design
Total Building Energy Consumption KWH/year 2,020,993 1,765,182 12.7%
Total EEI KWH/m2.year 202 177 12.7%
% of Improvement % 12.7%
49
Passive & Active Design Approach
 High efficient chiller
Efficiency
plant system
KW/TR
Power : KW = TR x KW/TR
 Rightsizing AC system
Energy : KWH = KW x operating hour
 High efficient lighting
 Efficiency air
Active Design
distribution
 Occupancy & lux sensor
0,8 KW/TR
Power = 800 KW
0,7 KW/TR • Form & Orientation
• Façade material &
shading
Power = 560 KW • Natural daylighting
24% saving
• Natural ventilation
Passive Design
800 TR 1000 TR Cooling Load

Ton Ref
50
High Performance Buildings
Current Practice Check Figures : 500 Btuh/m2
Cooling
Running
NLA Check Natural
No Building Capacity
(m2) Figure Lighting (%)
Chiller (TR)
(BTUh/m2)
Department of Public
1
Works
22,544 600 320 43
2 ITSB Campuss 2,887 86.05 360 46

3 Dahana 5,109 162.7 380 64
High Performance Building

320-400 Btuh/m2
51
Nama : KAMPUS (Kantor Manajemen Pusat ) PT DAHANA .Tbk
Lokasi : Subang, Jawa Barat
Peruntukan : Perkantoran
NB CERTIFIED
Kepemilikan : BUMN (Badan Usaha Milik Negara)
GFA : 5108 m2
Energy saving : 42%
Nama : Gedung Utama Kementerian PU

Lokasi : Jl. Patimura no. 50, Jakarta
Kepemilikan : Pemerintah
GFA : 25.440 m2
Energy saving : 38%

Water saving : 63%
Nama : Kampus ITSB (Institut Teknologi dan Sains Bandung

Lokasi : Bekasi, Jawa Barat
Peruntukan : Sekolah
Kepemilikan : ITSB (Inti Tekno Sukses Bersama)
GFA : 16.529 m2
Energy saving : 20% 52

DESIGN RECOGNITION
Nama : Rasuna Tower
Lokasi : Jl. H.R. Rasuna Said Kav. C-22 ,Kuningan, Jakarta
GFA : 87000 m2
Nama : Bank Indonesia, Cab Solo

Lokasi : Jl. Jend. Sudirman No 15,
Kel kampung Baru – Kec. Pasar Kliwon, Surakarta, Solo
GFA : 10.784 m2
Nama : Prasetiya Mulya Business School

Lokasi : Jl. BSD Raya Barat 1, Tangerang, Banten
Peruntukan : Sekolah
GFA : 16398 m2
53
Nama : Menara BCA PT Grand Indonesia
Lokasi : Jl. Thamrin No. 1, Jakarta
EB CERTIFIED
Kepemilikan : PT Grand Indonesia
GFA : 71000 m2
Energy saving : 18%
Nama : Sampoerna Strategic Square

Lokasi : Jl. Jend Sudirman Kav 45 – 46, Jakarta
Kepemilikan : PT Buana Sakti
GFA : 35471 m2
Energy saving : 10%
Nama : German Centre Indonesia

Lokasi : Jl. Kapten Subijanto Dj. BSD City, Tangerang Selatan
Kepemilikan : German Centre
GFA : 15000 m2
Energy saving : 12%
54
Public Works Ministry
Office Achievement
55
Energy Consumption vs Designed Target
Kwh/m2.year Kem PU
Proper TC Upgrading Perf
(No Cost)
44% 61%
31%
Average Saving fr TC : 20%

Energy Efficeicny Index (Kwh/m2.year) Average Saving fr Upgrading Perf : 11%
Saving from Designed Target Average Saving to Designed Target : 31%
Designed Target Average Saving to Avg Off Bldg : 61%
56
Green Operation and Maintenance Main Building of Ministry of Public Works
Achievement
2012 2013 2014 2016
FIRST WINNER ON
FIRST WINNER FIRST WINNER ON
GREEN BUILDING ASEAN ENERGY
MOST EFFICIENT ASEAN ENERGY
CERTIFIED AWARD VATEGORY
BUILDING AWARD FOR GREEN
PLATINUM LEVEL EFFICIENT NEW
NATIONAL LEVEL BUILDING
BUILDING
57
Recommendation
TECHNOLOGY IS THERE :
 Learn & study the concepts
 Be ready and be a pioneer in the energy efficiency
stream
 Enjoy the benefit :
 Commercially for your business &
 Environmentally for your next generation
58
Opportunity & future only come to the ones who are ready
and prepared
Bernard Shaw :
Those who cannot change their minds cannot change
everything
59
For Future Generation
60

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ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 7.1%

Population Growth 500.0

Population (Million) 256

Energy consumption per Capita is Low, while Energy

index (Japan = 100) 500

• Energy Intensity • Energy Consumption per Capita

Energy Condition and  Electricity in Indonesia

Oil 612 46.2%

Energy Condition and  Electricity in Indonesia

• Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources 2015 13

Energy Condition and  Electricity in Indonesia

High Performance Building

Near Zero Energy

• France: all public buildings in 2020

ASHRAE 30% 50% 70% Net Zero

20% 40-50 Kwh/m2 Renewable

Consume 32% of global energy in total

19% of energy related CO2 emissions

Energy Condition and  Electricity in Indonesia

Energy Condition and  Electricity in Indonesia

EEI = 240 kWh/m2.annum

Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

Sequential Standard Practice 29

Concept Detailed Construc-

Design Construction Operation

High Performance Passive Design:

Building Energy Consumption

High Performance Passive Design:

roof Heat Gain Components

glass infiltration equipment

exterior Building Envelope Lighting People Fresh Air Others

Wall U-Value Window U-Value Window SC

 Solar Heat gain

High Performance Passive Design:

Effective in reducing solar radiation through window

COOLING LOAD THRU

High Performance Passive Design:

High Performance Active Design:

Split <65.000(Btu/jam) - 2,7 1,303

Value Refrigerant Value - - 3,7 0,951

Split Duct - - 2,6 1,353

Recip 2,8 1,256

>300 TR Centrifugal 6,05 0,581

High Performance Active Design:

Component of chiller plant::

Energy saving potential:

Achievable Current Target

Energy Saving from VSD – Pump & Fan

High Performance Active Design:

High Performance Active Design:

Energy saving features of elevator and escalators ::

• Drives and Motors

• Energy saving mode

Renewable Energy • Building Integrated PV (BIPV)

Building Integrated PV (BIPV)

Solar PV Panels Wind Turbine Geothermal

• Whole Building Analysis

• Codes and Standards

Source: http: apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/toos_directory/

Heat transfer and balance Load Calculation Occupancy-HVAC connection