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1. Why are parallel walls important?

- IMPORTANT FOR RETENTION AND RESISTANCE, WHEN THE WALLS ARE PARALLEL IT
CREATES MORE FRICTION SO IT RETAINS THE RESTORATIVE MATERIAL. AT THE SAME
TIME IF ITS PARALLEL THER IS MORE DENTINAL SUPPORT ON THE ENAMEL MAKING
IT MORE RESISTANT.
2. OVEREXTENDED CAV PREP: RESISTANCE FORM

MODIFIED BOX: MORTISE PREPARATION

➢ Refers to the aspect of cavity preparation which will ensure that the restoration will be
kept in place when forces of mastication act on it
➢ So the buccal and lingual walls can be slightly converging, making it retentive.

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Requirement of a dental cement

➢ Thermal barrier
➢ Chemical barrier
➢ Electrical barrier
➢ Strength and flow
➢ Radio-opacity
➢ Bio-compatibility

Classification

1. Liners
1a. Solution
2a. Suspension
3a. Cement

2. Base
Reminder:
1. Do not use cavity varnish with composite or GI
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2. Do not use ZOE with composite or GI, with adhesives and sealers

MODULE 5 – INTRODUCTION TO AMALGAM RESTORATIONS

LESSON 1 – REVIEW OF AMALGAM AS A RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

LESSON 2 – MERCURY MANAGEMENT

Amalgam:
➢ An alloy made by mixing mercury (Hg) with silver-tin (Ag-Sn) Dental amalgam alloy
- Silver and tin major players

- Amalgam is mixed for use by:

- Combining amalgam alloy particles with mercury, vigorously, mixing the components
(trituration) for a few seconds
- Placing the plastic mass into a tooth preparation
- Compressing the mixture (condensation) to remove the excess mercury rich phase
- Carving
- Finishing the hardening mass

Function of different properties of the Amalgam Components

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Proportioning of Alloy and mercury

High mercury technique

- amalgam mix containing more mercury than needed for powder (52%-53%
mercury)

Minimum mercury or Eames technique

- 1:1 amalgam mix. Contains equal amount of mercury and powder alloy
• The ratio is by weight and not by volume

Alloy – Mercury Ratio

- Irregular particles pack poorly and require a large amount of Hg (50%-60%)
- Precapsulated amalgam (spherical) requires 42%-45% mercury)

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MODULE 6 – Class I, II, V, VI Amalgam Restoration

Amalgam Preparation and Restoration

CLASS I

Initial Tooth Preparation

Outline Form
- Extension of the external walls to sound a tooth structure, while maintaining a
specified depth and providing resistance and retention form.

Characteristics:

1. Preparation should be centered or equidistant to the central groove

(nakagitna sa CDG, duon itatapat yung bur) (CARIOUS)
2. All major developmental grooves are included in the preparation
3. Presence of graceful curve (dovetail, isthmus, lateral extension if indicated)
4. Mesial and distal wall parallel to reference point
(Reference point: Marginal Ridge)
(Kapag nag fly away – ninipis – violating resistance form – mabibiak)
Kapag manipis ang marginal ridge – it will break – maintain 1.6mm of thickness

Resistance form
- The shape and placement and of the preparation walls that best enable both the
restoration and teeth to withstand, without fracture.
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Characteristics:
1. Extending around the cusps to conserve tooth
2. Keeping the facial and lingual margin extensions as minimal as possible between the
central groove and cusp tip
3. Minimally extending into the marginal ridges without removing dentinal support
4. Extending the outline to include fissures and defects, thus placing the margins on
relatively smooth, sound tooth structure
5. Eliminating a weak wall of enamel by joining two outlines that come close together
6. Extending the outline form to include enamel undermined by caries
7. Establishing an optimal conservative depth of the pulpal depth

Using enameloplasty on the terminal ends of shallow fissures to conserve tooth structure
- Enameloplasty – Eliminating the developmental faults by removing it with the side
of a flame-shaped diamond stone, leaving a smooth surface.

Characteristics:
1. Pulpal floor should be:
- Flat or follow the contour of the pulp
- Smooth
- Uniform depth
- Be placed at least 1.5mm from pit or .5mm into dentin
2. Define all internal line angles
3. Enamel walls must be supported by dentin

Retention form
- Shape or form of the conventional preparation that resist displacement or removal
of the restoration from tipping or lifting forces

Characteristics:
1. Presence of occlusal dovetail

Convenience form
- Shape and form of the preparation the provides for adequate observation,
accesibiliy and ease of operation in preparing and restoring the tooth
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Characteristics:
- Sufficient cavity width
- Sufficient cavity extension

2. Final preparation

- Removal of remaining infected dentin/old restorative material

➢ Enamel pit and fissure remnants remain and extends over most of the floor – deepen
the floor
➢ Pit and fissure remnants are few and small – remove with a suitable sized round carbide
bur
- Presence of infected dentin extending pulpal from established pulpal floor – excavated
using a discoid excavator or a slow revolving round carbide bur of suitable size
- STOP – excavation when tooth structure feels hard or firm / put a liner, lagyan
temporary filling (hard base) and observe

2 pulp protection:
The use of bases and liners is either to protect the pulp

4. Procedures for finishing external walls

- Degree of smoothness or roughness that produces the maximum effectiveness of the
restorative materials used.
5. Final procedures:
➢ Cleaning, inspecting, sealing
➢ Free of debris – rinsing with air-water syringe
➢ Cotton pellets
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Occluso facial class I amalgam

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