Sudarsono

Department of Pharmaceutical Biology

Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada 1
th
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE / WISDOM CONVENTIONAL MEDICAL SYSTEM
(underestimate of health services) (EVIDENCED BASED MEDICINE)
HOW TO MAKE THE RELATIONSHIP
The process of making
“djamoe” (Preventive)
Grinding the fresh raw mat
Mobile selling “DJAMOE” Product
by the bicycle

?
TEMOE LAWAK
Curcuma xanthorrhiza STIRRING
IN THE
HOT WATER
Twice a week

HEALTH FOODS & DRINK PRODUCT

JERUK NIPIS
Citrus aurantiorum

2
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE / WISDOM
Relief at borobudur temple
Someone was taking “DJAMOE”

TRADITIONAL ? WHEN ?

Bannerman et al., 1983 3

 Lontar.com

The information of tradisional medicine ingredient

Colud be seen at the Lontar Leaf
18 th Century
LONTAR LEAF
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE

4
 Some of the javanees Phylosophy is stated in

THE MANUSCRIPT OF THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AT THE “KRATON” LIBRARY-Djogyakarta

THIS MANUSCRIPT IS ORNAMEN FULL

LOCAL KNOWLEDGE / WISDOM

5
 JAVA SCRIPT
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE

THIS MANUSCRIPT IS ORNAMENT FULL

THE MANUSCRIPT OF THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AT THE “KRATON” LIBRARY-Djogyakarta

JAVANESE CULTURE AS THE BASIC FOR

ALL LIVING STYLE (EXAMPLE)
6
 UNTIL BEGINNING OF
THE 19th CENTURY 19th CENTURY – IN THE FUTURE
(WHO)
METROPOLITAN CITY

LOCAL KNOWLEDGE CONVENTIONAL MEDICAL

SYSTEM

RELIEF AT BORODUDUR TEMPLE CHARACTERIZATION BY

THE PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT, SOMEONE SOME EXAMPLES
(MEDICINE MAN) HAS A CERTAIN
POTENTIAL or POWER for Healing
NO SCIENTIFICALLY SUPPORT
A.THE PEOPLE DO SOME ACTION THAT COULD
MAINTAIN THEIR HEALTH : e.g.:
-TRY TO MAINTAN THEIR GOOD HEALTH CONDITION BY
(djamoe, medicinal plants ingredient-seduh;,FASTING)
B.THE PEOPLE DO SOME ACTION THAT COULD BE
RELIEVED UNCOMFORTABLE CONDITION-MASSAGE
(PIJAT);
C.NO COMPETTTIVE LIGHT SPORTS e.g. (1hour walking
everyday)-NOW
Anamnese and Clinical laboratory Data
INFETIOUS DISEASES-ANTIBIOTICS
METABOLIC SYNDROM/DISEASES-high
blood (sugar, triglyceride,uric acid )
gallstone, hypertension,
Alzheimer
USING OF STAND.HERBAL (active
substance or marker of single/group of
substances as marker.
SCIENTIFICALLY SUPPORT
7
 THE HORIZON OF - HEALTH – ILLNESS
(LOCAL KNOWLEDGE / EAST MEDICIAL SYSTEM)

• COMFORTABLE - HEALTH – UNCOMFORTABLE-ILLNESS

• TRAD.MEDICAL SYSTEM: PERSONALISTIC (supranatural) NATURALISTIC
(“kerokan”, taking “djamoe”regularly, massage, Fasting) Helman, 1984
• Self outstanding : = stimulate health process (positive thinking)
• Balance ratio: between left and right brain – is important thing. Galager et al, ------
WEST MEDICAL SYSTEM

example Health is a state of complete physical,

IF SOMEONE IS SITTING IN A SMALL ROOM Mental, and social well-being, not merely
WHICH HAS POOR AIR VENTILATION, the absence of disease – laboratory data proofing
HE/SHE USUALLY USE OF HAND FAN
( UNCOMFORTABLE ) WHO)

8
 The Becak Rider was given a
positive response If some one is
drinking “Djamoe”

The woman was mixing djamoe in the Coconut Shell

of the coconut fruit which has already turned in
black colored (INERT)

“DJAMOE” IS USUALLY TAKE BY

THE PEOPLE FOR THEIR HEALTH CARE

9
I MY SELF WAS TAKING THIS PICTURE, 2005
 “Djamoe “ is still exist in several street at Djogjakarta

How to prepare traditional medicine = “Djamoe “.

The people are usually use “GANDHIK” and “PIPISAN” for
grinding all Jamu ingridients

“pipisan”” “gandhik”

10
 Local wisdom
HOW TO MAKE …… “DJAMOE” Sultan (Patron), 2002
Someone is usually need
Egg yolk at the “djamoe”
products (the user believe
that the egg yolk is a good
nutrition for their well being
stimulation. why?; because
the egg yolk consist of
The old women was mixing the “djamoe”
natural emulsifying agent –
ingredient (Traditional method) lecitine and naturally
antioxidant (unsaturated
fatty acid omega type 3, 6 )
The woman was drinking djamoe from the Coconut Shell The egg yolk is a good for
of the coconut fruit which has already turned In the cells metabolism
black colour (INERT)
(always in a balance
condition).
11
THE EGG YOLK WAS SOMETIMES ADDED TO THE “DJAMOE”
OMEGA 6

Lecithin (emulsifying agent)

OMEGA 3

(as the immune stimulation agent)

WHY THE PEOPLE WANT THE RAW EGG YOLK IN THEIR “DJAMOE”?
BECAUSE THE PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT THE EGG YOLK IS GOOD TO SUPPORT THEIR HEALTH.

AS A POSITIVE THINKING

We have to think also about The Maslow Hierarchy

of need, that could be made a positive thinking

AS THE IMMUNE STIMULATION AGENT

12
Karlson, 1984
 WAGNER, 1993
SCIENTIFIC ASPECT

OMEGA 6

Alfa Linoleic acid

(delta 9, 12)

Alfa Linolenic acid

(delta9,12,15)

OMEGA 3

THE EGG YOLK CONTAIN :

LECITINE-EMULSIFYING AGENT,
UNSATURATED FATTY ACID (OMEGA 3, OMEGA 6 AS ANTIOXYDANT) 13
 “Temu-temuan” as
Kunyit Temoe lawak
“djamoe” Ingredient
(Curcuma domestica VAL ) (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)
It is used for It is used for

Local knowledge Std.Herbal medicine

Std.Herbal medicine (Culture)
Local knowledge Bile Fluid Stimulation
Osteoarthritis
(Culture) Children who have no Apetit
Pegal-Linu-Sendi (Antiinflamation)
The Person who has bile stone do
not take Temoelawak

Schneider, 1985

Component of
The Essential oil
Inhibit bile excretion

14
 Traditional Method
For Preparing “Djamoe”

Traditional Grinding Method

Traditional Drying Method USING “GANDHIK” DAN “PIPISAN”
ON “DRY WADJAN=Goreng sangan”

15
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM

BANANA LEAF IS USED AS BOTTOL CAP

Sultan HB X (patron), 2002

16
 JAVANESE CULTURE AS THE BASIC FOR THE JAVANESE PEOPLE LIVING STYLE

Some of the JAVANESE philosophy e.g.:

a.“tamba teka lara lunga”- if the medicine has already come→

Could be getting better;
b. the mixture of jamu should containing
7 (“pitu”- mean seven) kinds of ingredients –
PITU = PITULUNGAN -Jav.) – HELP FROM THE GOD
(THE GOD WILL HELP the person TO GET YOUR
UNCOMFORT CONDITION → COMFORTABLE CONDITION );
c.“mangan ora mangan waton kumpul” – Communication
between each other is more important than something to eat.
(as living fundamental)

Sultan HB X (patron), 2002

IT COULD BE USED AS
A COLLABORATION MEETING BASIC
IN THE FUTURE
SOME OF THE JAVANESE PHILOSOPHY
17
SOME OF THE JAVANESE PHILOSOPHY
Soeharto, 1986

FOLLOW YOUR PARENT’S ADVICE

turuten pituture wong tuwo
THE TARGET IS
THE CHILDREN

THE CHILDREN BELIEVE THIS

POSITIVE THINKING
18
 This picture was taking
at Badung, Denpasar Bali 2002

The Balian was looking for the The Balian was making the
Health problem Traditional medicine

19
 FACTORS
THOSE ARE INFLUENCING
SELF
The Human Quality of Life CONFIDENCE

QUALITY OF PROUD
LIFE SELF
WORKING
ACTUALIZATION
KNOWLEDGE
SOCIETY
CULTURE
EXPERIENCE

HUMAN ILLNESS
HEALTY (body – Mind)

PHYSIOLOGY BIOCHEMICAL
ASPECT ASPECT

Maslow Hierarchi of Need

20
 METABOLIC
STRESS
SYNDROM / DISEASE
HEALTY ILLNESS
STRESS
Psychologic
Longtime
BRAIN HUMAN Single HEALTH CARE
Treatment OR
(Body – Mind) TREATMENT
HYPOTHALAMUS
Oligopeptide Hormon CELLULAR Side effect
ASPECT

TECHNOLOGY
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
STRESS
BIOCHEMICAL
ASPECT

Q.A.S
OXYDATIVE MORNING TYPE PERSON

Quality of life PHYSIOLOGY Gastrointest EVENING TYPE PERSON

ASPECT Endocrin
Heart POSITIVE THINKING
Liver NEGATIVE THINKING
REGULATORY CENTERS FOR THE AUTONOMIC
CNS
NERVOUS SYSTEM FOR CONTROL BLOOD
Etc.
PRESSURE,RESPIRATION, BODY TEMPERATURE
Mutschler et al., 1995 PSYCHOLOGICAL HOLISTIC
SYNERGY
ASPECT POTENTIATION
21
INDIVIDUAL SPECIFIC
BODY – MIND HAS TO BE IN BALLANCED CONDITION

22
 Body and Mind as a complex
Dynamic system in human
(biological clock – stress –
hypothalamus - glucocorticoid –
Increase the blood glucose.
(Mutschler et al.,1995; Thews et al., 1993)

The fasting blood glucose is usually monitored in the morning (between 6 – 10 o’clock

23
 PROBLEM IN MULTIDICIPLINARY TRADITIONAL MEDICINE RESEARCH

THE INDIVIDUAL BACKGROUND IS NOT THE SAME

* Communication between east medical system and west medical

system is not easy to create, because there is a different way of thinking.

* The communication between medical doctor (west medical system site)

is professional and scientifically logic and medicine man (culture / no
scientific logic → positive thinking of the patient)

* The people from traditional medical site belief that medicine man
(dukun (jav), balian(Bali), mangku (Bali) have a super power (they
have magic power e.g “mantra, keris-sipat kandel).

24
 Good Leader is needed
THE INDIVIDUAL BACKGROUND IS NOT THE SAME
NOT EASY COMUNICATION
STAKEHOLDER I STAKEHOLDER II

•Pendidikan
•Education •Education
•Umur
•Age •Age
•Derajat
•Profession •Profession
•Tingkatan
•Status •Status
•Pengetahuan
•Knowledge •Knowledge
•Pengalaman
•Experience •Experience
•Paradigma
•Paradigm •Paradigm
•Jenis
•Genderkelamin •Gender
•Sifat
•Character •Character
•Sikap
•Language •Language
•Bahasa
•Ethnic •Ethnic
•RAS •RAS
•Budaya
•Culture MEDIA •Culture

TRANSMIT FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK TRANSMIT

Wilson, 1994
25
 MULTI DICIPLINARY RESEARCH
COOPERATION PROGRAM
/ COMUNICATION
BETWEEN STAKESHOLDERS
(BETWEEN Trad.Medicine
STAKEHOLDERS)
GOOD
LEADERSHIP
NATI ONAL
IS NEEDED REGULATOR

GOALS GOALS
C,D,E
EAST MEDICINE A,B,C

LOCAL Wes t
KNOWLEDGE Medicine
Medicine Ma n GOAL S
Ho spita l
Fa rmers M,N,O
Pro fessio na ls

Technology
Research Institution

SUD\Ph arm.Bio log y, Fac o Pharmacy UGM

26
 NATIONAL
REGULATOR
USER
IN THE FUTURE GOAL ABC (HEALTH CLINIC TREATMENT)
HERBAL MEDICINE
GOAL A PRODUCTION
FARMER/ GOALS: MNO
RAW MATERIAL GOAL: O

GOALS : E
GOALS : DEF
RESEARCHER
(quality Assurance)

COLLABORATION BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS

HERBAL MEDICINE (WIN-WIN SOLUTION)
To create a Quality Assurance System

27
 HOW TO CHOOSE THE GOOD QUALITY OF RAW MATERIAL at THE RAW MATERIAL FARMER SITE ?

spesific gravity of:

Water = 1.0
GOOD QUALITY
Essential oil 1.5

Eugenia caryophyllatae
Flos WATER

RATIONAL USE (one example for) 28

STANDARDIZED HERBAL PRODUCTS
IT COULD BE PROGRAMMED NH2
FOR FURTHER SCIENTIFICATION O RATIONAL ASPECT
N N
7
IN THE FUTURE 6 5 N
HN1 N
2
3 4
N9
8
H2 N N CURCUMINOID EXTRACT
H2 N N HOCH2 O
Hypotensive-scopoletin HOCH2 O

Armenia et al, 2018

Armenia,A., Hidayat R., Meiliani M., Yuliandra Y.,
OH
GOUT OH OH
ADENOSIN
OH
2018, Blood Pressure loweringeffectof scopoletin
GUANOSIN
CURCUMINOID
On oxidative stress-associated hypertensive rats Pi
H2 O
H3 N
P-Rib O IS0-,LIQUIRETIGENIN
O
7 N
HN
H N1 6 5 N
8
2 H2 N N N
3 4
N9
Uric Acid Inhibition H2 N N
H HOCH2 O
GUANIN
BROMELAIN
IS0-,LIQUIRETIGENIN
H2 O
BROMELAIN OH OH
NH3
INOSIN
POLYSACHARIDE NONI FRUIT Pi
O
7 P-Rib O
Polysachharide rhich substance
1
N 6 5 N 7 Antioxydan, imunomodul, antiradang
2
8 1
N 6 5 N
3 4 8
O N N9 2 COX
Allopurinol H
3 4
NN9
Curcumin, Gingerol,Luteolin
XANTIN Quercetine, Silibin H
in vitro Pauft and Hille, 2009 Hypoxanthin
xanthin oxydase Palu et al., 2009
O O O-
O H
N H2 N NH2
N1 6 N H2 N
5 7
8 O O
2
3 4 9 N
N N O N O N N O
O H H H H H
Uric Acid ALANTOIN
ALANTOINIC ACID Scopolin R = glucose 29
Scopoletin R = H →
 SOCIETY HUMAN THE FUTURE ICON
(body – mind )
CULTURE LOCALLY ROOTED-GLOBALLY EXPECTED

LOCAL WISDOM/ SCIENTIFIC clinical CONVENTIONAL/WEST

LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
APPROACH MEDICAL SYSTEM
Gelly Annanas (ingredients)
* Sugar,Annanas,;Eugenia carryophyllata HOLISTIC ASPECT
Cinnamon Bark (no preservative)
“Pare”-Momordicae Fruit – Metformin – Diabetes type 2 LOCAL KNOWLEDGE - EXISTENCY
“Kunyit”-Curcuma domesticate Rhizoms-Tamarindus MEDICINE MANNER HAVE TO INVOLVE IN PRACTICE
indicae Fructus (bisdesmethoxycurcumin-choleresis DURING THE CORPORATING RESEARCH
inhibiting properties)
Temoelawak-Curcuma xanthorrhiza-cholagogue, choleretic, SCIENTIFICATION OF HERBAL MEDICINE
cholekinetics
Sirih-Piper bettle Folium – synergistic – conventional POSSIBILLITY OF
antimicrobial POTENTIATION BETWEEN STD.HERBAL
Kayu manis-Cinnamon Bark Water soluble – Metformin for AND
Type 2 DM CONVENTIONAL MEDICAL SYST
Kumis kucing-Orthosiphon stamineus- diuretics
Coriandri Fructus- Type 2 DM
30
 WEST MEDICAL SYSTEM
Standardized
Supported by
Quality Assurance System Herbal Medicine
Products
METABOLIC SYNDROM /
DISEASE

Clinical Research is needed

(AS A TREND IN THE FUTURE)

LONG TERM TREATMENT – MAY BE IT

SINGLE MEDICAMENT
HAS A SIDE EFFECT

MIX Std.Herb.Medicine
MEDICAMENTS
SAXAGLIPTIN & METFORMIN Momordica charantia
(SUSTAIN RELEASE) Metformin (animal)
West Medical System 31
RESUME

32
 Resume
Using of Traditional Medicine regularly which has already Quality
Assurance System as a basic process could be used for maintaining a good
health In the future (especially the people in the in the metropolitan city).
Monitoring and research program for the local knowledge in the ethnic
group who have been strong believe in their culture (e.g Balinese People)
is advisable.

The medicine man should be involved in the Collaboration Research

Education and training program for stakeholders (east medical

system, west medical system) and together with the national authority)
should be as a continued program (it is advisable to create
a Gallery of Traditional Medicine ” djamoe ” as an information center for
Traditional Medicine (incl. “ djamoe ”) and to maintain the cultures
existency).
33
THANK YOU

34
 References
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Proceeding of the Conference United States Pharmacopeial Convention,p.57
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Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr. Ethanolic Extracts Standardized by Rutin and Quercetin in Alloxan-induced
Hyperglycemic Rats. ,Adv.Pharm.Bull (Suppl.2) 613-618
Alan Hedge, 2013, Biological Rhythms, Cornell University
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